scholarly journals Prenatal stem cell therapy for inherited diseases: Past, present, and future treatment strategies

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Åsa Ekblad‐Nordberg ◽  
Lilian Walther‐Jallow ◽  
Magnus Westgren ◽  
Cecilia Götherström
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Inherited Diseases ◽  
Future Treatment

A Review on Preclinical Models of Ischemic Stroke: Insights Into the Pathomechanisms and New Treatment Strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditya A Singh ◽  
Akash Kharwar ◽  
Manoj P. Dandekar
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Neurotrophic Factors ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Cerebral Stroke ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Stroke Models

Background: Stroke is a serious neurovascular problem and the leading cause of disability and death worldwide. The disrupted demand to supply ratio of blood and glucose during cerebral ischemia develops hypoxic shock, and subsequently necrotic neuronal death in the affected regions. Multiple causal factors like age, sex, race, genetics, diet, and lifestyle play an important role in the occurrence as well as progression of post-stroke deleterious events. These biological and environmental factors may be contributed to vasculature variable architecture and abnormal neuronal activity. Since recombinant tissue plasminogen activator is the only clinically effective clot bursting drug, there is a huge unmet medical need for newer therapies for the treatment of stroke. Innumerous therapeutic interventions have shown promise in the experimental models of stroke but failed to translate it into clinical counterparts. Methods: Original publications regarding pathophysiology, preclinical experimental models, new targets and therapies targeting ischemic stroke have been reviewed since the 1970s. Results: We highlighted the critical underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of cerebral stroke and preclinical stroke models. We discuss the strengths and caveats of widely used ischemic stroke models, and commented on the potential translational problems. We also describe the new emerging treatment strategies, including stem cell therapy, neurotrophic factors and gut microbiome-based therapy for the management of post-stroke consequences. Results : We highlighted the critical underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of cerebral stroke and preclinical stroke models. We discuss the strengths and caveats of widely used ischemic stroke models, and commented on the potential translational problems. We also describe the new emerging treatment strategies, including stem cell therapy, neurotrophic factors and gut microbiome-based therapy for the management of post-stroke consequences. Conclusion: There are still many inter-linked pathophysiological alterations with regards to stroke, animal models need not necessarily mimic the same conditions of stroke pathology and newer targets and therapies are the need of the hour in stroke research.

Evolving Concepts for Use of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering for Cardiac Regeneration

2016 ◽  
pp. 279-313
Author(s):  
Jahnavi Sarvepalli ◽  
Rajalakshmi Santhakumar ◽  
Rama Shanker Verma
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Repair Mechanisms ◽  
New Treatment

The incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adults are increasing worldwide with impaired repair mechanisms, leading to tissue and organ failure. With the current advancements, life expectancy has improved and has led to search for new treatment strategies that improves tissue regeneration. Recently, stem cell therapy and tissue engineering has captured the attention of clinicians, scientists, and patients as alternative treatment options. The overall clinical experience of these suggests that they can be safely used in the right clinical setting. Ultimately, large outcome trials will have to be conducted to assess their efficacy. Clinical trials have to be carefully designed and patient safety must remain the key concern. At the same time, continued basic research is required to understand the underlying mechanism of cell-based therapies and cell tissue interactions. This chapter reviews the evolving paradigm of stem cell therapy and tissue engineering approaches for clinical application and explores its implications.

scholarly journals Diabetic Retinopathy and Stem Cell Therapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevil Kestane
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Long Time

This overview was evaluated by the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and the stem cell therapy approach. DR is a microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus, characterized by damage to the retinal blood vessels leading to progressive loss of vision. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms are complicated and not completely understood yet. The current treatment strategies have included medical, laser, intravitreal, and surgical approaches. It is known that the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), which has a great potential, is promising for the treatment of many degenerative disorders, including the eye. In retinal degenerative diseases, MSCs were ameliorated retinal neurons and retinal pigmented epithelial cells in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Stem cell therapies show promise in neurodegenerative diseases. However, it is very important to know which type of stem cell will be used in which situations, the amount of stem cells to be applied, the method of application, and its physiological/neurophysiological effects. Therefore, it is of great importance to evaluate this subject physiologically. After stem cell application, its safety and efficacy should be followed for a long time. In the near future, widespread application of regenerative stem cell therapy may be a standard treatment in DR.

scholarly journals Cytokine Storm in COVID-19: An Overview, Mechanism, Treatment Strategies, and Stem Cell Therapy Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Nuriza Ulul Azmi ◽  
◽  
Meidi Utami Puteri ◽  
Donny Lukmanto ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Cytokine Storm

Stem Cell Therapy: A Future Treatment of Stress Urinary Incontinence

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (01) ◽  
pp. 061-070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Nikolavasky ◽  
Klaudia Stangel-Wójcikiewicz ◽  
Malgorzata Stec ◽  
Michael Chancellor
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stress Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Future Treatment

scholarly journals Computed Tomographic Assessment of Coronary Arteries in Patients Undergoing Stem Cell Therapy Following an Acute Myocardial Infarction

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-139
Author(s):  
Erzsébet Lázár ◽  
Lehel Bordi ◽  
István Benedek ◽  
Monica Chițu ◽  
Zsuzsanna Suciu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Systolic Function ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Left Ventricular

AbstractDespite of numerous treatment strategies developed in the last years, ischemic heart disease remains the leading cause of death around the world. Acute myocardial infarction (MI) causes irreversible destruction to the myocardial tissue, which is replaced by fibroblast cells, leading to the formation of a dense, collagenous scar, a non-contractile tissue, and often to heart failure. Stem cell therapy seems to represent the next therapeutic method for the treatment of heart failure caused by myocardial infarction. Several international trials proved the beneficial outcome of the intracoronary infusion of bone marrow-derived stem cells, improving left ventricular systolic function and clinical symptomatology. Many noninvasive imaging procedures are available to evaluate the beneficial properties of stem cell therapy. Most studies have demonstrated the role of multislice computed tomography (MSCT) in evaluating left ventricular parameters such as end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes and ejection fraction, or to quantify myocardial scar tissue. In this review we will discuss the usefulness of MSCT for the assessment of coronary arteries, new tissue regeneration, and evaluation of tissue changes and their functional consequences in subjects undergoing stem cell treatment following MI.

scholarly journals Prospects of Therapeutic Target and Directions for Ischemic Stroke

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 321
Author(s):  
Jung Hak Kim ◽  
So Young Kim ◽  
Bokyung Kim ◽  
Sang Rae Lee ◽  
Sang Hoon Cha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Cell Based Therapy

Stroke is a serious, adverse neurological event and the third leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Most strokes are caused by a block in cerebral blood flow, resulting in neurological deficits through the death of brain tissue. Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) is currently the only immediate treatment medication for stroke. The goal of rt-PA administration is to reduce the thrombus and/or embolism via thrombolysis; however, the administration of rt-PA must occur within a very short therapeutic timeframe (3 h to 6 h) after symptom onset. Components of the pathological mechanisms involved in ischemic stroke can be used as potential biomarkers in current treatment. However, none are currently under investigation in clinical trials; thus, further studies investigating biomarkers are needed. After ischemic stroke, microglial cells can be activated and release inflammatory cytokines. These cytokines lead to severe neurotoxicity via the overactivation of microglia in prolonged and lasting insults such as stroke. Thus, the balanced regulation of microglial activation may be necessary for therapy. Stem cell therapy is a promising clinical treatment strategy for ischemic stroke. Stem cells can increase the functional recovery of damaged tissue after post-ischemic stroke through various mechanisms including the secretion of neurotrophic factors, immunomodulation, the stimulation of endogenous neurogenesis, and neovascularization. To investigate the use of stem cell therapy for neurological diseases in preclinical studies, however, it is important to develop imaging technologies that are able to evaluate disease progression and to “chase” (i.e., track or monitor) transplanted stem cells in recipients. Imaging technology development is rapidly advancing, and more sensitive techniques, such as the invasive and non-invasive multimodal techniques, are under development. Here, we summarize the potential risk factors and biomarker treatment strategies, stem cell-based therapy and emerging multimodal imaging techniques in the context of stroke. This current review provides a conceptual framework for considering the therapeutic targets and directions for the treatment of brain dysfunctions, with a particular focus on ischemic stroke.

Evolving Concepts for Use of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering for Cardiac Regeneration

2019 ◽  
pp. 509-543
Author(s):  
Jahnavi Sarvepalli ◽  
Rajalakshmi Santhakumar ◽  
Rama Shanker Verma
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Repair Mechanisms ◽  
New Treatment

The incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adults are increasing worldwide with impaired repair mechanisms, leading to tissue and organ failure. With the current advancements, life expectancy has improved and has led to search for new treatment strategies that improves tissue regeneration. Recently, stem cell therapy and tissue engineering has captured the attention of clinicians, scientists, and patients as alternative treatment options. The overall clinical experience of these suggests that they can be safely used in the right clinical setting. Ultimately, large outcome trials will have to be conducted to assess their efficacy. Clinical trials have to be carefully designed and patient safety must remain the key concern. At the same time, continued basic research is required to understand the underlying mechanism of cell-based therapies and cell tissue interactions. This chapter reviews the evolving paradigm of stem cell therapy and tissue engineering approaches for clinical application and explores its implications.

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