The role of technical expertise in firm governance structure: evidence from chief financial officer contractual incentives

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 771-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela K. Gore ◽  
Steve Matsunaga ◽  
P. Eric Yeung
Keyword(s):  
Governance Structure ◽  
Chief Financial Officer ◽  
Technical Expertise ◽  
Firm Governance

Governance in Online Stolen Data Markets

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meltem Odaba¸ ◽  
Thomas J. Holt ◽  
Ronald L. Breiger
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Economic Organization ◽  
User Groups ◽  
Underground Economies ◽  
Two Sided Markets

We analyze the governance structure of online stolen data markets. As cybercriminal underground economies, stolen data markets are beyond the reach of state intervention, and yet they need form and regulation in order to function. While the illicit nature of the business brings risks to its participants, the online characteristics of these markets enable the participants to communicate easily, which is a crucial means of generating trust. We first identify stolen data markets in terms of their economic organization as two-sided markets, economic platforms with two distinct user groups that provide each other with network synergies. This characterization enables us to understand the role of the forum administrator as that of an intermediary, market creator, and market regulator. Then we clarify the role of communication networks and social structure in creating trust among buyers and sellers.

scholarly journals Human Enhancements and Voting: Towards a Declaration of Rights and Responsibilities of Beings

Philosophies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
S. J. Blodgett-Ford
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Voting Rights ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
The Other ◽  
First Person ◽  
Person Perspective ◽  
First Person Perspective ◽  
To Come ◽  
Additional Option

The phenomenon and ethics of “voting” will be explored in the context of human enhancements. “Voting” will be examined for enhanced humans with moderate and extreme enhancements. Existing patterns of discrimination in voting around the globe could continue substantially “as is” for those with moderate enhancements. For extreme enhancements, voting rights could be challenged if the very humanity of the enhanced was in doubt. Humans who were not enhanced could also be disenfranchised if certain enhancements become prevalent. Voting will be examined using a theory of engagement articulated by Professor Sophie Loidolt that emphasizes the importance of legitimization and justification by “facing the appeal of the other” to determine what is “right” from a phenomenological first-person perspective. Seeking inspiration from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) of 1948, voting rights and responsibilities will be re-framed from a foundational working hypothesis that all enhanced and non-enhanced humans should have a right to vote directly. Representative voting will be considered as an admittedly imperfect alternative or additional option. The framework in which voting occurs, as well as the processes, temporal cadence, and role of voting, requires the participation from as diverse a group of humans as possible. Voting rights delivered by fiat to enhanced or non-enhanced humans who were excluded from participation in the design and ratification of the governance structure is not legitimate. Applying and extending Loidolt’s framework, we must recognize the urgency that demands the impossible, with openness to that universality in progress (or universality to come) that keeps being constituted from the outside.

TRANSFORMATION OF THE INTERNAL AUDIT IS AN EFFECTIVE WAY TO INCREASE THE CONTRIBUTION TO THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF A BUSINESS ENTITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-119
Author(s):  
PHAN THI THANH QUYEN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Business Model ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Internal Audit ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Sustainable Business ◽  
Corporate Governance Structure ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Internal Auditors

The role of internal audit in ensuring sustainable development of economic entities is indisputable. How-ever, the biggest challenge faced by internal auditors is how the level of their contribution can truly be weighed against the ability and role recognized by society, especially as most economic actors move from a traditional business model to a sustainable business model. The article highlights the main approaches to the transfor-mation of internal audit in order to make it an integral part of the corporate governance structure and make a significant contribution to sustainable development.

scholarly journals From Theory to Implementation: Adaptations to a Quality Improvement Initiative According to Implementation Context

2021 ◽  
pp. 104973232110586
Author(s):  
Abimbola A. Olaniran ◽  
Modupe Oludipe ◽  
Zelee Hill ◽  
Adedoyin Ogunyemi ◽  
Nasir Umar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Theory Of Change ◽  
Change Implementation ◽  
Quality Improvement Initiative ◽  
Primary Health Centres ◽  
Implementation Context

As countries continue to invest in quality improvement (QI) initiatives in health facilities, it is important to acknowledge the role of context in implementation. We conducted a qualitative study between February 2019 and January 2020 to explore how a QI initiative was adapted to enable implementation in three facility types: primary health centres, public hospitals and private facilities in Lagos State, Nigeria. Despite a common theory of change, implementation of the initiative needed to be adapted to accommodate the local needs, priorities and organisational culture of each facility type. Across facility types, inadequate human and capital resources constrained implementation and necessitated an extension of the initiative’s duration. In public facilities, the local governance structure was adapted to facilitate coordination, but similar adaptations to governance were not possible for private facilities. Our findings highlight the importance of anticipating and planning for the local adaptation of QI initiatives according to implementation environment.

scholarly journals Conceptualizing Testbed Planning: Urban Planning in the Intersection between Experimental and Public Sector Logics

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Berglund-Snodgrass ◽  
Dalia Mukhtar-Landgren
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Formal Structure ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
The Public ◽  
Planning Processes ◽  
Experimental Logic

Urban planning is, in many countries, increasingly becoming intertwined with local climate ambitions, investments in urban attractiveness and “smart city” innovation measures. In the intersection between these trends, urban experimentation has developed as a process where actors are granted action space to test innovations in a collaborative setting. One arena for urban experimentation is urban testbeds. Testbeds are sites of urban development, in which experimentation constitutes an integral part of planning and developing the area. This article introduces the notion of testbed planning as a way to conceptualize planning processes in delimited sites where planning is combined with processes of urban experimentation. We define testbed planning as a multi-actor, collaborative planning process in a delimited area, with the ambition to generate and disseminate learning while simultaneously developing the site. The aim of this article is to explore processes of testbed planning with regard to the role of urban planners. Using an institutional logics perspective we conceptualize planners as navigating between a public sector—and an experimental logic. The public sector logic constitutes the formal structure of “traditional” urban planning, and the experimental logic a collaborative and testing governance structure. Using examples from three Nordic municipalities, this article explores planning roles in experiments with autonomous buses in testbeds. The analysis shows that planners negotiate these logics in three different ways, combining and merging them, separating and moving between them or acting within a conflictual process where the public sector logic dominates.

scholarly journals Negotiating Urban Redevelopment: Exploring the Neighborhood Council Planning Model

2019 ◽  
pp. 0739456X1988410
Author(s):  
Gillad Rosen ◽  
Nufar Avni
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Urban Redevelopment ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Planning Model ◽  
Hybrid Governance ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Neighborhood Scale ◽  
Neighborhood Council

This paper analyzes the redevelopment of a residential compound in Jerusalem from a justice perspective. It focuses on the role of the Neighborhood Council (NC) in negotiating representation and recognition of local residents in the planning process. Based on analysis of interviews, planning documents, focus group meetings, and court appeals, we argue that as a hybrid governance structure, which mediates between the residents and the municipality, the NC is uniquely positioned to promote more just and inclusive planning process and outcomes at the neighborhood scale. However, the NC still faces substantial challenges due to its intermediary position.

scholarly journals Unclogging the pipeline: advancement to full professor in academic STEM

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helga Van Miegroet ◽  
Christy Glass ◽  
Ronda Roberts Callister ◽  
Kimberly Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Governance Structure ◽  
Gender Disparities ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Full Professor ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Career Attainment ◽  
Career Trajectories ◽  
Promotion Process ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Women remain underrepresented in academic STEM, especially at the highest ranks. While much attention has focused on early-career attrition, mid-career advancement is still largely understudied and undocumented. The purpose of this paper is to analyze gender differences in advancement to full professor within academic STEM at a mid-size public doctoral university in the western USA, before and after the National Science Foundation (NSF)-ADVANCE Program (2003–2008). Design/methodology/approach Using faculty demographics and promotion data between 2008 and 2014, combined with faculty responses to two waves of a climate survey, the magnitude and longevity of the impact of ADVANCE on mid-career faculty advancement across gender is evaluated. Findings This study documents increased representation of women in all ranks within the STEM colleges, including that of full professor due to ADVANCE efforts. It also demonstrates the role of greater gender awareness and formalization of procedures in reducing the variability in the time as associate professor until promotion to full professor for all faculty members, while also shrinking gender disparities in career attainment. As a result of the codification of the post-tenure review timeline toward promotion, more recently hired faculty are promoted more swiftly and consistently, irrespective of gender. Post-ADVANCE, both male and female faculty members express a greater understanding of and confidence in the promotion process and no longer see it as either a hurdle or source of gender inequality in upward career mobility. Research limitations/implications While data were collected at a single university, demographics and career experiences by women mirror those at other research universities. This study shows that within a given institution-specific governance structure, long-lasting effects on faculty career trajectories can be achieved, by focusing efforts on creating greater transparency in expectations and necessary steps toward promotion, by reducing barriers to information flown, by standardizing and codifying the promotion process, and by actively engaging administrators as collaborators and change agents in the transformation process. Originality/value This study addresses mid-career dynamics and potential mechanisms that explain gender gaps in the promotion to full professor, a largely understudied aspect of gender disparities in career attainment within STEM. It shows how institutional policy changes, intended to alleviate gender disparities, can benefit the career trajectories of all faculty members. Specifically, this study highlights the crucial role of codifying procedures and responsibilities in neutralizing subjectivity and inconsistencies in promotion outcomes due to varying departmental climates.

European Union Studies as a Tributary of Global Policy and Transnational Administration

2019 ◽  
pp. 292-309
Author(s):  
Stella Ladi
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Global Policy ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Networks Analysis ◽  
European Union Studies ◽  
Analytical Frameworks ◽  
The Eu

The study of European Union (EU) governance and policy making processes, as well as its impact upon member states and beyond, can be inspiring for the development of theoretical propositions on global policy and transnational administration, and vice versa. For a long time, the EU has been perceived as a unique governance structure because it is neither a federal state nor an intergovernmental international organization and thus new models and concepts have been developed in order to analyse it. The aim of this chapter is to outline some of the most influential conceptual frameworks (e.g. multi-level governance, EU networks analysis, and Europeanization) in EU studies and to show how they can be translated into useful analytical frameworks for the analysis of global policy and transnational administration. The literature on the role of the EU as a global actor is also reviewed since it directly connects the European and global levels of analysis.

scholarly journals Developing Technical Expertise in Emergency Medicine-The Role of Simulation in Procedural Skill Acquisition

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 1046-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest E. Wang ◽  
Joshua Quinones ◽  
Michael T. Fitch ◽  
Suzanne Dooley-Hash ◽  
Sharon Griswold-Theodorson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Medicine ◽  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Procedural Skill ◽  
Technical Expertise

Contorted leadership in Chinese hierarchically oriented context

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 502-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Xiaojun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Model ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Organizational Leaders ◽  
Governance Mechanism ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Chinese Context ◽  
Social Governance ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Behavior

Purpose – The aim of this research is to explore the behavioral model of Chinese organizational leaders acquiring resources for the development of their organizations under the influence of hierarchically oriented social governance. Design/methodology/approach – The paper compares the differences between Western and Chinese contexts and conducts a grounded multi-case study to explore leadership behavioral model in the Chinese context. Findings – First, the Chinese social governance structure is hierarchically oriented, whereas the Western social governance structure is market oriented. Second, this unique inconformity found in the Chinese organizational leaders as contorted leadership, which refers to the inconsistency between leaders’ cognition and their behavior when acquiring resources for the development of their organizations, is defined. Third, the conflict between leaders’ cognition and behaviors is caused by the social governance mechanism within which leaders are embedded. Research limitations/implications – The authors have just made a first step to understand contorted leadership in the Chinese context, further researches should pay more attention to exploring the origins, functions and impacts of leaders’ contorted behaviors. Originality/value – First, leadership is linked with social governance by emphasizing on the core role of social governance in allocating the resources which organizational leaders scramble for. Second, a new kind of leadership –contorted leadership – in the Chinese context that emphasizes on the contradiction between leaders’ cognition and behavior, which deepens the understanding of leadership contextualization, is identified.

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