Sodium chlorite increases production of reactive oxygen species that impair the antioxidant system and cause morphological changes in human erythrocytes

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 1343-1353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaikh Nisar Ali ◽  
Riaz Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Human Erythrocytes ◽  
Sodium Chlorite ◽  
Oxygen Species

scholarly journals Freezing Tolerance of Lolium multiflorum/Festuca arundinacea Introgression Forms is Associated with the High Activity of Antioxidant System and Adjustment of Photosynthetic Activity under Cold Acclimation

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Augustyniak ◽  
Izabela Pawłowicz ◽  
Katarzyna Lechowicz ◽  
Karolina Izbiańska-Jankowska ◽  
Magdalena Arasimowicz-Jelonek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Freezing Tolerance ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Generation ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Oxygen Species

Though winter-hardiness is a complex trait, freezing tolerance was proved to be its main component. Species from temperate regions acquire tolerance to freezing in a process of cold acclimation, which is associated with the exposure of plants to low but non-freezing temperatures. However, mechanisms of cold acclimation in Lolium-Festuca grasses, important for forage production in Europe, have not been fully recognized. Thus, two L. multiflorum/F. arundinacea introgression forms with distinct freezing tolerance were used herein as models in the comprehensive research to dissect these mechanisms in that group of plants. The work was focused on: (i) analysis of cellular membranes’ integrity; (ii) analysis of plant photosynthetic capacity (chlorophyll fluorescence; gas exchange; gene expression, protein accumulation, and activity of selected enzymes of the Calvin cycle); (iii) analysis of plant antioxidant capacity (reactive oxygen species generation; gene expression, protein accumulation, and activity of selected enzymes); and (iv) analysis of Cor14b accumulation, under cold acclimation. The more freezing tolerant introgression form revealed a higher integrity of membranes, an ability to cold acclimate its photosynthetic apparatus and higher water use efficiency after three weeks of cold acclimation, as well as a higher capacity of the antioxidant system and a lower content of reactive oxygen species in low temperature.

scholarly journals Bacillomycin D Produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Is Involved in the Antagonistic Interaction with the Plant-Pathogenic Fungus Fusarium graminearum

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qin Gu ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Qiming Yuan ◽  
Guangming Shi ◽  
Liming Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Strong Activity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Bacillomycin D

ABSTRACT Fusarium graminearum (teleomorph: Ascomycota, Hypocreales, Gibberella, Gibberella zeae) is a destructive fungal pathogen that threatens the production and quality of wheat and barley worldwide. Controlling this toxin-producing pathogen is a significant challenge. In the present study, the commercially available strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (Bacteria, Firmicutes, Bacillales, Bacillus) FZB42 showed strong activity against F. graminearum. The lipopeptide bacillomycin D, produced by FZB42, was shown to contribute to the antifungal activity. Purified bacillomycin D showed strong activity against F. graminearum, and its 50% effective concentration was determined to be approximately 30 μg/ml. Analyses using scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed that bacillomycin D caused morphological changes in the plasma membranes and cell walls of F. graminearum hyphae and conidia. Fluorescence microscopy combined with different dyes showed that bacillomycin D induced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and caused cell death in F. graminearum hyphae and conidia. F. graminearum secondary metabolism also responded to bacillomycin D challenge, by increasing the production of deoxynivalenol. Biological control experiments demonstrated that bacillomycin D exerted good control of F. graminearum on corn silks, wheat seedlings, and wheat heads. In response to bacillomycin D, F. graminearum genes involved in scavenging reactive oxygen species were downregulated, whereas genes involved in the synthesis of deoxynivalenol were upregulated. Phosphorylation of MGV1 and HOG1, the mitogen-activated protein kinases of F. graminearum, was increased in response to bacillomycin D. Taken together, these findings reveal the mechanism of the antifungal action of bacillomycin D. IMPORTANCE Biological control of plant disease caused by Fusarium graminearum is desirable. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42 is a representative of the biocontrol bacterial strains. In this work, the lipopeptide bacillomycin D, produced by FZB42, showed strong fungicidal activity against F. graminearum. Bacillomycin D caused morphological changes in the plasma membrane and cell wall of F. graminearum, induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and ultimately caused cell death in F. graminearum. Interestingly, when F. graminearum was challenged with bacillomycin D, the deoxynivalenol production, gene expression, mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation, and pathogenicity of F. graminearum were significantly altered. These findings clarified the mechanisms of the activity of bacillomycin D against F. graminearum and highlighted the potential of B. amyloliquefaciens FZB42 as a biocontrol agent against F. graminearum.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial Defects And Their Role In Development Of Prostate Cancer

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nanuli Kotrikadze ◽  
Manana Alibegashvili ◽  
Liana Ramishvili ◽  
Manana Gordeziani ◽  
Nato Chigogidze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Nuclear Genome ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Tumor Formation ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism ◽  
Mitochondrial Defects

Introduction and Objectives: One of the characteristic changes of tumor formation is accumulation of genetic disorders in mitochondrial and nuclear genome. Mitochondrial disorders, from its side, are responsible for failure of metabolism, apoptosis, cell growth, formation of reactive oxygen species, etc. Overprpoduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) significantly impacts the respiration chain enzymes and entirely the antioxidant system of mitochondria. Finally this may become a favorable condition for normal cells transformation.The purpose of the presented work was to study  the mitochondrial defects and to establish their role in prostate cancer development.Results: Experimental results demonstrate significant increase of the activity of mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenaze (complex II) of the malignant epithelial cells of prostate, and slight changes in cytochrome oxydase (complex IV) activity. Also significant activation of the antioxidant system (glutathione-dependant system) of mitochondria in prostate malignant epithelial cells was revealed.Conclusion: The above mentioned mitochondrial changes (II and IV complexes of respiration chain, activity of the antioxidant system) partially demonstrate the alterations in mitochondrial energy metabolism, which from its side, may indicate to resistance of prostate cancer cells and correspondingly to intensification of proliferation processes.

scholarly journals Green-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles Induced Apoptotic Cell Death in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells by Generating Reactive Oxygen Species and Activating Caspase 3 and 9 Enzyme Activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Ikram Ullah ◽  
Ali Talha Khalil ◽  
Muhammad Ali ◽  
Javed Iqbal ◽  
Waqar Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Apoptotic Cell Death ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Cell Viability Assay ◽  
Mcf 7

Silver nanoparticles are among the most significant diagnostic and therapeutic agents in the field of nanomedicines. In the current study, the green chemistry approach was made to optimize a cost-effective synthesis protocol for silver nanoparticles from the aqueous extract of the important anticancer plant Fagonia indica. We investigated the anticancer potential and possible involvement of AgNPs in apoptosis. The biosynthesized AgNPs are stable (zeta potential, -16.3 mV) and spherical with a crystal size range from 10 to 60 nm. The MTT cell viability assay shows concentration-dependent inhibition of the growth of Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) cells (IC50, 12.35 μg/mL). In addition, the fluorescent microscopic analysis shows activation of caspases 3 and 9 by AgNPs that cause morphological changes (AO/EB assay) in the cell membrane and cause nuclear condensation (DAPI assay) that eventually lead to apoptotic cell death (Annexin V/PI assay). It was also observed that AgNPs generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) that modulate oxidative stress in MCF-7 cells. This is the first study that reports the synthesis of a silver nanoparticle mediated by Fagonia indica extract and evaluation of the cellular and molecular mechanism of apoptosis.

scholarly journals Heterocycle Thiazole Compounds Exhibit Antifungal Activity through Increase in the Production of Reactive Oxygen Species in the Cryptococcus neoformans-Cryptococcus gattii Species Complex

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nívea Pereira de Sá ◽  
Caroline Miranda de Lima ◽  
Cleudiomar Inácio Lino ◽  
Paulo Jorge Sanches Barbeira ◽  
Ludmila de Matos Baltazar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Synergistic Interactions ◽  
Novel Drugs ◽  
Show Evidence

ABSTRACT Human cryptococcosis can occur as a primary or opportunistic infection and develops as an acute, subacute, or chronic systemic infection involving different organs of the host. Given the limited therapeutic options and the occasional resistance to fluconazole, there is a need to develop novel drugs for the treatment of cryptococcosis. In this report, we describe promising thiazole compounds 1, 2, 3, and 4 and explore their possible modes of action against Cryptococcus. To this end, we show evidence of interference in the Cryptococcus antioxidant system. The tested compounds exhibited MICs ranging from 0.25 to 2 μg/ml against Cryptococcus neoformans strains H99 and KN99α. Interestingly, the knockout strains for Cu oxidase and sarcosine oxidase were resistant to thiazoles. MIC values of thiazole compounds 1, 2, and 4 against these mutants were higher than for the parental strain. After the treatment of C. neoformans ATCC 24067 (or C. deneoformans) and C. gattii strain L27/01 (or C. deuterogattii) with thiazoles, we verified an increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Also, we verified the synergistic interactions among thiazoles and menadione, which generates superoxides, with fractional inhibitory concentrations (FICs) equal to 0.1874, 0.3024, 0.25, and 0.25 for the thiazole compounds 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. In addition, thiazoles exhibited antagonistic interactions with parasulphonatephenyl porphyrinato ferrate III (FeTPPS). Thus, in this work, we showed that the action of these thiazoles is related to an interference with the antioxidant system. These findings suggest that oxidative stress may be primarily related to the accumulation of superoxide radicals.

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