Morphogenetic movements in the neural plate and neural tube: mouse

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
R'ada Massarwa ◽  
Heather J. Ray ◽  
Lee Niswander
Keyword(s):  
Neural Tube ◽  
Neural Plate ◽  
Morphogenetic Movements

Experiments on ß-mercaptoethanol as an inhibitor of neurulation movements in amphibian larvae

Development ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 463-471
Author(s):  
Carl-Olof Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
Neural Tube ◽  
Neural Plate ◽  
Neural Tube Closure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lateral Direction ◽  
Morphogenetic Movements ◽  
Amphibian Larvae ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Columnar Cells ◽  
Tube Closure

The morphogenetic movements of the ectoderm during neurulation include: (1) the movements taking place within the neural plate, which becomes longer and more concentrated in a medio-lateral direction (Jacobson, 1962); and (2) those found in the lateral epidermis layer which, in an epibolic way, moves in a dorsal direction, thus exerting a pushing effect on the lateral edges of the neural plate (Lewis, 1947). The former is, to a great extent, realized by a change of form of the neuroepithelium cells, from cuboidal in early neurulae to the high columnar cells observed during later phases of neural-tube closure. In the epidermis, on the other hand, the case is the reverse. The dorsal spreading of the layer is made possible by a flattening of the cells. In a series of papers, Brachet and his group have show that β-mercaptoethanol (HSCH2·CH2OH; in this article, called ME) inhibits neurulation (for review, see Brachet, 1964).

The Mode of Growth of the Tail in Urodele Larvae

Development ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 466-478
Author(s):  
J. Hubertha Bijtel
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Vital Staining ◽  
Neural Plate ◽  
Tail Bud ◽  
Morphogenetic Movements ◽  
Separate Cell ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Axial Organs

The idea that the hinder part of the trunk together with the tail or the tail alone develops by the outgrowth of a cell mass which is in every respect indifferent has been disproved since 1928 for the Amphibia. The results of experiments with vital staining (Bijtel & Woerdeman, 1928; Bijtel, 1929, 1931) and with microsurgical methods (Bijtel, 1936) have shown that the presumptive rudiments of the tail organs (epidermis, spinal cord, muscle segments, tail-gut) are already present in the neural plate stage as more or less separate cell territories. During and immediately after the transformation of the neural plate into the neural tube, these cell territories are brought together into the tail-bud by morphogenetic movements. Holmdahl (1939 a, b, 1947) and Vogt (1939) have criticized this conception. They adhered to the view that the organs of the hinder part of the runk and of the tail (Holmdahl) or only the axial organs of the tail (Vogt, p. 127) originate from an indifferent blastema.

scholarly journals Hallmarks of primary neurulation are conserved in the zebrafish forebrain

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan M. Werner ◽  
Maraki Y. Negesse ◽  
Dominique L. Brooks ◽  
Allyson R. Caldwell ◽  
Jafira M. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Tube ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Neural Plate ◽  
Neural Tube Closure ◽  
Developmental Studies ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Resolution Imaging ◽  
Fold Formation ◽  
Anterior Neural Plate

AbstractPrimary neurulation is the process by which the neural tube, the central nervous system precursor, is formed from the neural plate. Incomplete neural tube closure occurs frequently, yet underlying causes remain poorly understood. Developmental studies in amniotes and amphibians have identified hingepoint and neural fold formation as key morphogenetic events and hallmarks of primary neurulation, the disruption of which causes neural tube defects. In contrast, the mode of neurulation in teleosts has remained highly debated. Teleosts are thought to have evolved a unique mode of neurulation, whereby the neural plate infolds in absence of hingepoints and neural folds, at least in the hindbrain/trunk where it has been studied. Using high-resolution imaging and time-lapse microscopy, we show here the presence of these morphological landmarks in the zebrafish anterior neural plate. These results reveal similarities between neurulation in teleosts and other vertebrates and hence the suitability of zebrafish to understand human neurulation.

The Effects of β-Mercaptoethanol on the Morphogenetic Movements of Amphibian Embryos

Development ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-166
Author(s):  
P. Malpoix ◽  
J. Quertier ◽  
J. Brachet
Keyword(s):  
Neural Tube ◽  
Tube Formation ◽  
Animal Pole ◽  
Morphogenetic Movements ◽  
Complete Development ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Amphibian Embryos ◽  
Biological Specificity ◽  
Neural Tube Formation

The inhibition by β-mercaptoethanol of morphogenesis in amphibians, freshwater hydra, planarians and regenerating tadpoles, has already been reported by one of us (Brachet, 1958, 1959a, b, c). The present work provides a closer analysis of the biological specificity of j8-mercaptoethanol with regard to the different movements which produce gastrulation in amphibians: invagination, epiboly, convergent stretching and ingression. The main result, obtained with Pleurodeles, was that gastrulation is completely inhibited by M/100 β-mercaptoethanol. Lower concentrations (M/300) permit more complete development, but the resulting embryos are abnormal. β-Mercaptoethanol interferes with neural tube formation, but has less effect on the development of the notochord and the mesodermal somites. It was further noted that, when embryos are treated at very early stages (1–2 cells, young blastulae), the blastocoele seems to collapse and the ectoblast of the animal pole is deeply puckered.

scholarly journals Bimodal function of chromatin remodeler Hmga1 in neural crest induction and Wnt-dependent emigration

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shashank Gandhi ◽  
Erica J Hutchins ◽  
Krystyna Maruszko ◽  
Jong H Park ◽  
Matthew Thomson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Crest ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Neural Crest Cells ◽  
Neural Plate ◽  
Chromatin Remodeler ◽  
Lineage Specification ◽  
Dorsal Neural Tube ◽  
Neural Crest Development ◽  
Neural Plate Border ◽  
Canonical Wnt

During gastrulation, neural crest cells are specified at the neural plate border, as characterized by Pax7 expression. Using single-cell RNA sequencing coupled with high-resolution in situ hybridization to identify novel transcriptional regulators, we show that chromatin remodeler Hmga1 is highly expressed prior to specification and maintained in migrating chick neural crest cells. Temporally controlled CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knockouts uncovered two distinct functions of Hmga1 in neural crest development. At the neural plate border, Hmga1 regulates Pax7-dependent neural crest lineage specification. At premigratory stages, a second role manifests where Hmga1 loss reduces cranial crest emigration from the dorsal neural tube independent of Pax7. Interestingly, this is rescued by stabilized ß-catenin, thus implicating Hmga1 as a canonical Wnt activator. Together, our results show that Hmga1 functions in a bimodal manner during neural crest development to regulate specification at the neural plate border, and subsequent emigration from the neural tube via canonical Wnt signaling.

FGF signalling controls the timing of Pax6 activation in the neural tube

Development ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 127 (22) ◽  
pp. 4837-4843 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Bertrand ◽  
F. Medevielle ◽  
F. Pituello
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Neural Plate ◽  
Presomitic Mesoderm ◽  
Pax6 Expression ◽  
Epithelial Development ◽  
Repressive Effect ◽  
Caudal Regression ◽  
Fgf Signalling

We have recently demonstrated that Pax6 activation occurs in phase with somitogenesis in the spinal cord. Here we show that the presomitic mesoderm exerts an inhibitory activity on Pax6 expression. This repressive effect is mediated by the FGF signalling pathway. The presomitic mesoderm displays a decreasing caudorostral gradient of FGF8, and grafting FGF8-soaked beads at the level of the neural tube abolishes Pax6 activation. Conversely, when FGF signalling is disrupted, Pax6 is prematurely activated in the neural plate. We propose that the progression of Pax6 activation in the neural tube is controlled by the caudal regression of the anterior limit of FGF activity. Hence, as part of its posteriorising activity, FGF8 downregulation acts as a switch from early (posterior) to a later (anterior) state of neural epithelial development.

Neurodevelopment

2020 ◽  
pp. 91-100
Author(s):  
Karl Zilles ◽  
Nicola Palomero-Gallagher
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Neural Plate ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Specialized Region ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Rostral Part ◽  
Human Nervous System

The pre- and post-natal development of the human nervous system is briefly described, with special emphasis on the brain, particularly the cerebral and cerebellar cortices. The central nervous system originates from a specialized region of the ectoderm—the neural plate—which develops into the neural tube. The rostral part of the neural tube forms the adult brain, whereas the caudal part (behind the fifth somite) differentiates into the spinal cord. The embryonic brain has three vesicular enlargements: the forebrain, the midbrain, and the hindbrain. The histogenesis of the spinal cord, hindbrain, cerebellum, and cerebral cortex, including myelination, is discussed. The chapter closes with a description of the development of the hemispheric shape and the formation of gyri.

From Neural Plate to Neural Tube

2015 ◽  
pp. 44-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf Nieuwenhuys ◽  
Luis Puelles
Keyword(s):  
Neural Tube ◽  
Neural Plate

scholarly journals Apical Accumulation of Rho in the Neural Plate Is Important for Neural Plate Cell Shape Change and Neural Tube Formation

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 2289-2299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagatoki Kinoshita ◽  
Noriaki Sasai ◽  
Kazuyo Misaki ◽  
Shigenobu Yonemura
Keyword(s):  
Neural Tube ◽  
Rho Gtpases ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Myosin Ii ◽  
Tube Formation ◽  
Neural Plate ◽  
Cell Shape Change ◽  
Neural Tube Formation

Although Rho-GTPases are well-known regulators of cytoskeletal reorganization, their in vivo distribution and physiological functions have remained elusive. In this study, we found marked apical accumulation of Rho in developing chick embryos undergoing folding of the neural plate during neural tube formation, with similar accumulation of activated myosin II. The timing of accumulation and biochemical activation of both Rho and myosin II was coincident with the dynamics of neural tube formation. Inhibition of Rho disrupted its apical accumulation and led to defects in neural tube formation, with abnormal morphology of the neural plate. Continuous activation of Rho also altered neural tube formation. These results indicate that correct spatiotemporal regulation of Rho is essential for neural tube morphogenesis. Furthermore, we found that a key morphogenetic signaling pathway, the Wnt/PCP pathway, was implicated in the apical accumulation of Rho and regulation of cell shape in the neural plate, suggesting that this signal may be the spatiotemporal regulator of Rho in neural tube formation.

scholarly journals Effects of Shh and Noggin on neural crest formation demonstrate that BMP is required in the neural tube but not ectoderm

Development ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 125 (24) ◽  
pp. 4919-4930 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Selleck ◽  
M.I. Garcia-Castro ◽  
K.B. Artinger ◽  
M. Bronner-Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Neural Crest ◽  
Sonic Hedgehog ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Neural Crest Cells ◽  
Neural Plate ◽  
Bmp Signaling ◽  
Neural Tube Closure ◽  
Dorsal Neural Tube ◽  
Neural Ectoderm ◽  
Tube Closure

To define the timing of neural crest formation, we challenged the fate of presumptive neural crest cells by grafting notochords, Sonic Hedgehog- (Shh) or Noggin-secreting cells at different stages of neurulation in chick embryos. Notochords or Shh-secreting cells are able to prevent neural crest formation at open neural plate levels, as assayed by DiI-labeling and expression of the transcription factor, Slug, suggesting that neural crest cells are not committed to their fate at this time. In contrast, the BMP signaling antagonist, Noggin, does not repress neural crest formation at the open neural plate stage, but does so if injected into the lumen of the closing neural tube. The period of Noggin sensitivity corresponds to the time when BMPs are expressed in the dorsal neural tube but are down-regulated in the non-neural ectoderm. To confirm the timing of neural crest formation, Shh or Noggin were added to neural folds at defined times in culture. Shh inhibits neural crest production at early stages (0-5 hours in culture), whereas Noggin exerts an effect on neural crest production only later (5-10 hours in culture). Our results suggest three phases of neurulation that relate to neural crest formation: (1) an initial BMP-independent phase that can be prevented by Shh-mediated signals from the notochord; (2) an intermediate BMP-dependent phase around the time of neural tube closure, when BMP-4 is expressed in the dorsal neural tube; and (3) a later pre-migratory phase which is refractory to exogenous Shh and Noggin.

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