CD4 and CD8 T Cells, but Not B Cells, Are Critical to the Control of Murine Experimental Autoimmune Neuritis

Abstract In Poland, rabbit is a highly valued animal, due to dietetic and flavour values of its meat, but above all, rabbits tend to be commonly used laboratory animals. The aim of the study was developing standards for counts of B-cells with CD19+ receptor, T-cells with CD5+ receptor, and their subpopulations, namely T-cells with CD4+, CD8+ and CD25+ receptor in the peripheral blood of mixed-breed Polish rabbits with addition of blood of meet breeds, including the assessment of the impact of four seasons of the year and animal sex on the values of the immunological parameters determined. The results showed that the counts of B- and T-cells and their subpopulations in peripheral blood remain within the following ranges: for CD19+ B-cells: 1.05 - 3.05%, for CD5+ T-cells: 34.00 - 43.07%, CD4+ T-cells: 23.52 - 33.23%, CD8+ T-cells: 12.55 - 17.30%, whereas for CD25+ T-cells: 0.72 - 2.81%. As it comes to the season of the year, it was observed that it principally affects the values of CD25+ T-cells, while in the case of rabbit sex, more changes were found in females.

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Characterization of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)35–55-specific CD8+ T cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Chinese Medical Journal ◽

10.1097/cm9.0000000000000551 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 132 (24) ◽

pp. 2934-2940

Author(s):

Yong Peng ◽

Fei-Zhou Zhu ◽

Zhi-Xing Chen ◽

Jian-Xiong Zhou ◽

Lu Gan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽

Cd8 T Cells ◽

Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein ◽

Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽

Experimental Autoimmune

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The Disease-Ameliorating Function of Autoregulatory CD8 T Cells Is Mediated by Targeting of Encephalitogenic CD4 T Cells in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

The Journal of Immunology ◽

10.4049/jimmunol.1300452 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 191 (1) ◽

pp. 117-126 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Sterling B. Ortega ◽

Venkatesh P. Kashi ◽

Andrew F. Tyler ◽

Khrishen Cunnusamy ◽

Jason P. Mendoza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽

Cd8 T Cells ◽

Cd4 T Cells ◽

Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽

Experimental Autoimmune

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CXCR5 + CD8 + T cells infiltrate the colorectal tumors and nearby lymph nodes, and are associated with enhanced IgG response in B cells

Experimental Cell Research ◽

10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.04.014 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Junjie Xing ◽

Chenxin Zhang ◽

Xiaohong Yang ◽

Shaoxuan Wang ◽

Zhongchuan Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

B Cells ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Cd8 T Cells ◽

Colorectal Tumors

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Engineered immunostimulatory cells can convert PBMCs from chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients into potent tumor killing immune cells.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.7517 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. 7517-7517

Author(s):

Joshua W. Keegan ◽

Frank Borriello ◽

Stacey M. Fernandes ◽

Jennifer R. Brown ◽

James A. Lederer

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

B Cells ◽

Tumor Cell ◽

Nk Cells ◽

Cd8 T Cells ◽

Immune Cells ◽

Killing Activity ◽

Tumor Killing ◽

Tumor Cell Killing ◽

Potent Tumor

7517 Background: Alloplex Biotherapeutics has developed a cellular therapeutic that uses ENgineered Leukocyte ImmunoSTimulatory cell lines called ENLIST cells to activate and expand populations of tumor killing effector cells from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). This process leads to a 300-fold expansion of NK cells, CD8+ T cells, NKT cells, and TCRγδ T cells that are called SUPLEXA cells, which will be cryopreserved and transferred back into patients as an autologous immune cell therapy for cancer. In this study, PBMCs from CLL patients were used to generate SUPLEXA cells as a first approach to comparatively profile SUPLEXA cells from cancer patients and normal healthy volunteers (NHVs). Methods: ENLIST cell lines were engineered by expressing curated immunomodulatory proteins in the SK-MEL-2 melanoma cell line. Two million (M) PBMCs from 10 CLL patients or 2 NHVs were incubated with 0.4 M freeze/thaw killed ENLIST cells for 5 days in XVIVO-15 medium with 2% heat-inactivated human AB serum (XAB2) and then split 1:15 in XAB2 containing IL-7 and IL-15 to expand. After 9 days, SUPLEXA cells were harvested and cryopreserved. Results: Original PBMCs and matched SUPLEXA cells from each donor were thawed and characterized by mass cytometry (CyTOF) using a 47-marker antibody panel. CyTOF staining results of PBMCs from CLL patients demonstrated approximately 95% leukemia cells and few T cells, NK cells, B cells, and monocytes. CyTOF staining of SUPLEXA cells from all 10 CLL patients showed expansion of NK cells (17%), CD8 T cells (11%), and CD4 T cells (7.5%) that were similar in phenotype to SUPLEXA cells from NHVs showing high expression of granzymes and perforin that are indicative of potent tumor cell killing activity. Cancer cells in the original CLL PBMC samples were reduced to 0.78%. However, a population of non-T/non-B cells (60% ± 9.5%) was detected in SUPLEXA cells from all CLL patients that require further characterization. Next, SUPLEXA cells from CLL and NHV patients were comparatively tested for tumor cell killing activity at 2:1, 1:1, and 1:2 effector to target cell (MEL-14 melanoma cells expressing RFP) ratios. Percent killing of tumor cells by SUPLEXA cells prepared from CLL patients (77.8% ± 2.6% at 2:1) and NHVs (81.5% ± 0.3% at 2:1) were nearly identical at all effector to target ratios. Conclusions: We demonstrate for the first time that PBMCs from CLL patients can be converted into SUPLEXA cells despite low numbers of normal immune cells at baseline and the known immunologic impairment present in CLL patients. Importantly, SUPLEXA cells derived from CLL patients acquire potent tumor killing activity that is indistinguishable from SUPLEXA cells prepared from NHVs. Taken together, these findings support the feasibility of converting PBMCs from CLL patients with low percentages of NK and T cells into an autologous cellular therapy for cancer.

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Fingerprints of CD8+ T cells on human pre-plasma and memory B cells

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0208187 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. e0208187

Author(s):

Ulrike Strittmatter-Keller ◽

Caroline Walter ◽

Celine Rauld ◽

Nicole Egli ◽

Camille Regairaz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

B Cells ◽

Cd8 T Cells ◽

Memory B Cells

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Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in 2 Men

International Archives of Allergy and Immunology ◽

10.1159/000520046 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Sudhir Gupta ◽

Houfen Su ◽

Sudhanshu Agrawal

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

B Cells ◽

Cd8 T Cells ◽

Specific Response ◽

Igg Antibodies ◽

Marginal Zone B Cells ◽

Transitional B Cells ◽

T Subsets ◽

B Cell Subsets ◽

Regulatory Lymphocytes

Introduction: In the trials of corona virus vaccines, detailed analyses of subsets of lymphocytes were not carried out. We present perhaps the most comprehensive immunological analysis of 29 subsets of B and T cells in 2 healthy subjects receiving 2 doses of the Pfizer SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) vaccine. Methods: Analyses were performed prior to vaccination, 3 weeks following the 1st dose, and 4 weeks following the 2nd dose. Total, naïve (TN), and different memory and effector subsets (TCM, TEM, and TEMRA) of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells; SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-specific tetramer+, and cytotoxic CD8+ T; subsets of T follicular cells (TFH, TFH1, TFH2, TFH1/TFH17, and TFH17); B-cell subsets (mature B cells, naive B cells, transitional B cells, marginal zone B cells, class-switched memory B cells, germinal center B cells, and CD21low B cells), and plasmablasts; and regulatory lymphocytes (CD4+ Treg, CD8+ Treg, Breg, and TFR cells) were evaluated with specific monoclonal antibodies by flow cytometry. Results: A lack of COVID-19 IgG antibodies after the 1st dose in one of 2 subjects was associated with increased regulatory lymphocytes and decreased plasmablasts. Seroconversion after the 2nd dose in this subject was associated with decreased TFR cells and increased plasmablasts. In both subjects, CD4 TEM and CD8 TCM were markedly increased following the 2nd dose. TFH1 and regulatory lymphocytes were increased (except Breg) following the 1st dose. A striking increase in SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ T cells was observed following the 2nd dose. Conclusion: Our data support the need for 2nd dose of vaccine to induce strong SARS-CoV-2 CD8 T-cell specific response and generation of memory subsets of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Regulatory lymphocytes appear to play a role in the magnitude of response.

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Short-Term Immunopathological Changes Associated with Pulse Steroids/IVIG/Rituximab Therapy in Late Kidney Allograft Antibody Mediated Rejection

Kidney360 ◽

10.34067/kid.0001082019 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (5) ◽

pp. 389-398

Author(s):

Kenna R. Degner ◽

Nancy A. Wilson ◽

Shannon R. Reese ◽

Sandesh Parajuli ◽

Fahad Aziz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

B Cells ◽

Regulatory T Cells ◽

B Cell ◽

Cd8 T Cells ◽

Hla Class I ◽

B Cell Depletion ◽

Short Term ◽

Antibody Mediated Rejection ◽

Pulse Steroids

BackgroundB cell depletion is a common treatment of antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR). We sought to determine the specific immunopathologic effects of this therapeutic approach in kidney transplantation.MethodsThis was a prospective observational study of recipients of kidney transplants diagnosed with late ABMR (>3 months after transplant). Patients received treatment with pulse steroids, IVIG, and rituximab. Donor-specific HLA antibodies (DSA), kidney allograft pathology, renal function, immune cell phenotypes, and 47 circulating cytokines were assessed at baseline and at 3 months.ResultsWe enrolled 23 patients in this study between April 2015 and March 2019. The majority of patients were male (74%) and white (78%) with an average age of 45.6±13.8 years. ABMR was diagnosed at 6.8±5.9 years (4 months to 25 years) post-transplant. Treatment was associated with a significant decline in circulating HLA class I (P=0.003) and class II DSA (P=0.002) and peritubular capillaritis (ptc; P=0.04) compared to baseline. Serum creatinine, BUN, eGFR, and proteinuria (UPC) remained stable. Circulating B cells were depleted to barely detectable levels (P≤0.001), whereas BAFF (P=0.0001), APRIL (P<0.001), and IL-10 (P=0.02) levels increased significantly post-treatment. Notably, there was a significant rise in circulating CD4+ (P=0.02) and CD8+ T cells (P=0.003). We also noted a significant correlation between circulating cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and BAFF (P=0.05), regulatory T cells and IL-10 (P=0.002), and regulatory T cells and HLA class I DSA (P=0.005).ConclusionsShort-term pulse steroids/IVIG/rituximab therapy was associated with inhibition of ABMR (DSA and ptc), stabilization of kidney function, and increased regulatory B cell and T cell survival cytokines. Additional studies are needed to understand the implications of B cell depletion on the crosstalk between T cells and B cells, and humoral components that regulate ABMR.

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