Differential Gene Expression in Apoptosis: Identification of Ribosomal Protein 23K, a Cell Proliferation Inhibitor

Abstract Context Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) is an autoimmune disease that persists when immunosuppression is achieved. Orbital fibroblasts from GO patients display peculiar phenotypes even if not exposed to autoimmunity, possibly reflecting genetic or epigenetic mechanisms, which we investigated here. Objective We aimed to explore potential genetic or epigenetic differences using primary cultures of orbital fibroblasts from GO and control patients. Methods Cell proliferation, hyaluronic acid (HA) secretion, and HA synthases (HAS) were measured. Next-generation sequencing and gene expression analysis of the whole genome were performed, as well as real-time-PCR of selected genes and global DNA methylation assay on orbital fibroblasts from 6 patients with GO and 6 control patients from a referral center. Results Cell proliferation was higher in GO than in control fibroblasts. Likewise, HA in the cell medium was higher in GO fibroblasts. HAS-1 and HAS-2 did not differ between GO and control fibroblasts, whereas HAS-3 was more expressed in GO fibroblasts. No relevant gene variants were detected by whole-genome sequencing. However, 58 genes were found to be differentially expressed in GO compared with control fibroblasts, and RT-PCR confirmed the findings in 10 selected genes. We postulated that the differential gene expression was related to an epigenetic mechanism, reflecting diverse DNA methylation, which we therefore measured. In support of our hypothesis, global DNA methylation was significantly higher in GO fibroblasts. Conclusions We propose that, following an autoimmune insult, DNA methylation elicits differential gene expression and sustains the maintenance of GO.

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The mRNA-binding ribosomal protein S26 as a molecular marker in plants: molecular cloning, sequencing and differential gene expression during environmental stress

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression ◽

10.1016/s0167-4781(99)00050-0 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 1445 (3) ◽

pp. 342-344 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Mikael Brosché ◽

Åke Strid

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Molecular Marker ◽

Environmental Stress ◽

Ribosomal Protein ◽

Molecular Cloning ◽

Differential Gene Expression ◽

Differential Gene ◽

Mrna Binding

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Environmental Enrichment Improved Learning and Memory, Increased Telencephalic Cell Proliferation, and Induced Differential Gene Expression in Colossoma macropomum

Frontiers in Pharmacology ◽

10.3389/fphar.2020.00840 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Patrick Douglas Corrêa Pereira ◽

Ediely Pereira Henrique ◽

Danillo Monteiro Porfírio ◽

Caio César de Sousa Crispim ◽

Maitê Thaís Barros Campos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Cell Proliferation ◽

Learning And Memory ◽

Differential Gene Expression ◽

Environmental Enrichment ◽

Colossoma Macropomum ◽

Differential Gene ◽

Improved Learning

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Growth of the Fucus embryo: insights into wall-mediated cell expansion through mechanics and transcriptomics

10.1101/2020.01.29.925107 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marina Linardić ◽

Shawn J. Cokus ◽

Matteo Pellegrini ◽

Siobhan A. Braybrook

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Cell Proliferation ◽

Cell Wall ◽

Differential Gene Expression ◽

Brown Algae ◽

Cell Expansion ◽

Algal Cell ◽

Data Set ◽

Wall Stiffness ◽

Differential Gene

AbstractMorphogenesis in walled organisms represents a highly controlled process that involves cell proliferation and expansion; cell growth is regulated through changes in the structure and mechanics of the cells’ walls. Despite taking different evolutionary paths, land plants and some brown algae exhibit developmental and morphological similarities; however, the role of the algal cell wall in morphogenesis remains heavily underexplored. Cell expansion in plants is hypothesized to involve modifications of hemicellulose linkages and pectin gelation in the cell wall. Little is known about the wall-based control of cell expansion in brown algae; however, the algal analog to pectin, alginate, exhibits different gelation depending on its biochemistry. Here we show that cell wall mechanics and alginate biochemistry are correlated with cell expansion versus proliferation in the developing Fucus serratus embryo. In the elongating cells of the embryo rhizoid, we found a reduced cell wall stiffness and lower amounts of ‘stiffer’ alginate epitopes. In comparison, the early embryo thallus was shown to undergo cleavage-type cell proliferation, without expansion, and this was correlated with higher amounts of ‘stiff’ alginate epitopes and increased wall stiffness. An embryo development RNAseq dataset was generated to characterize differential gene expression during development. This data set allowed for identification of many enriched GO functions through developmental time. In addition, the transcriptome allowed for the identification of cell-wall related genes whose differential expression may underlie our observed growth phenotypes. We propose that differential gene expression of genes involved in alginate stiffness are strong candidates underlying differential wall stiffness and cell elongation in the developing Fucus embryo. Our results show that wall-driven cellular expansion mechanisms in brown algae are similar to those observed in plants. In addition, our data show that cleavage-type cell proliferation exists in brown algae similar to that seen in plant and animal systems indicating a possible conserved developmental phenomenon across the branches of multicellular life.

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