scholarly journals Role of Mason-Pfizer Monkey Virus (MPMV) Constitutive Transport Element (CTE) in the Propagation of MPMV Vectors by Genetic Complementation Using Homologous/HeterologousenvGenes

Virology ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 224 (2) ◽  
pp. 517-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahir A. Rizvi ◽  
Kathy A. Lew ◽  
Edwin C. Murphy, Jr. ◽  
Russell D. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Complementation ◽  
Constitutive Transport Element

scholarly journals Inhibition of Phagolysosomal Biogenesis by the Leishmania Lipophosphoglycan

1997 ◽  
Vol 185 (12) ◽  
pp. 2061-2068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Desjardins ◽  
Albert Descoteaux
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Leishmania Donovani ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Genetic Complementation ◽  
Survival Strategy ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Mutant Cells ◽  
Parasite Leishmania

Whereas amastigotes of the protozoan parasite Leishmania proliferate inside acidic phagolysosomal vacuoles of the macrophage, vacuoles induced by Leishmania donovani promastigotes during initiation of infection are poorly characterized. Here, evidence is presented that interaction of these parasitophorous vacuoles with endocytic organelles is very limited. In contrast, vacuoles formed around L. donovani mutants lacking the cell surface lipophosphoglycan (LPG) fuse extensively with endosomes and lysosomes. The role of LPG repeating units in the inhibition of phagosome–endosome fusion was demonstrated using two different approaches. First, genetic complementation of the LPG-defective C3PO mutant restored its ability to inhibit phagosome–endosome fusion to a degree similar to that of wild-type promastigotes. Second, opsonization of C3PO mutant cells with purified L. donovani LPG also conferred to this mutant the ability to inhibit phagosome–endosome fusion. Inasmuch as LPG is essential for infecting macrophages, these results suggest that inhibition of phagolysosomal biogenesis by LPG repeating units represents an intramacrophage survival strategy used by promastigotes to establish infection.

scholarly journals Role of a heterologous retroviral transport element in the development of genetic complementation assay for mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) replication

Virology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 385 (2) ◽  
pp. 464-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahir A. Rizvi ◽  
Jahabar Ali ◽  
Pretty Susan Phillip ◽  
Akela Ghazawi ◽  
Preethi Jayanth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Tumor ◽  
Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus ◽  
Genetic Complementation ◽  
Mammary Tumor Virus ◽  
Complementation Assay ◽  
Mouse Mammary Tumor ◽  
Tumor Virus

scholarly journals Choline-O-sulphate utilization inAspergillus nidulans

1976 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy A. Gravel
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Nidulans ◽  
Genetic Complementation ◽  
Normal Strain ◽  
Growth Experiment ◽  
Fine Structures ◽  
Starvation Experiment

SUMMARYThe role of choline-O-sulphate (COS) as a sulphur storage compound inAspergillus nidulanswas examined by comparing a normal strain and one unable to utilize COS in a sulphur-starvation experiment designed to measure the mobilization of sulphur stores. Efforts to isolate the necessary mutants deficient in choline sulphatase activity produced two nutritionally distinct classes of mutants unable to utilize COS. They were found to be allelic on the basis of genetic complementation and fine structures mapping and represent either leaky or tight mutants with respect to choline sulphatase activity. One of these mutants with no detectable choline sulphatase activity was selected for a growth experiment which demonstrated that COS is a major, though not the only source of the endogenous sulphur supply which can be mobilized during growth in sulphur-limiting conditions.

scholarly journals Involvement of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 LuxS in Biofilm Development and Sulfur Metabolism

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 1301-1307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deric R. Learman ◽  
Haakrho Yi ◽  
Steven D. Brown ◽  
Stanton L. Martin ◽  
Gill G. Geesey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Vibrio Harveyi ◽  
Sulfur Metabolism ◽  
Shewanella Oneidensis ◽  
Genetic Complementation ◽  
Sulfur Source ◽  
Reporter Strain ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Biofilm Development

ABSTRACT The role of LuxS in Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 has been examined by transcriptomic profiling, biochemical, and physiological experiments. The results indicate that a mutation in luxS alters biofilm development, not by altering quorum-sensing abilities but by disrupting the activated methyl cycle (AMC). The S. oneidensis wild type can produce a luminescence response in the AI-2 reporter strain Vibrio harveyi MM32. This luminescence response is abolished upon the deletion of luxS. The deletion of luxS also alters biofilm formations in static and flowthrough conditions. Genetic complementation restores the mutant biofilm defect, but the addition of synthetic AI-2 has no effect. These results suggest that AI-2 is not used as a quorum-sensing signal to regulate biofilm development in S. oneidensis. Growth on various sulfur sources was examined because of the involvement of LuxS in the AMC. A mutation in luxS produced a reduced ability to grow with methionine as the sole sulfur source. Methionine is a key metabolite used in the AMC to produce a methyl source in the cell and to recycle homocysteine. These data suggest that LuxS is important to metabolizing methionine and the AMC in S. oneidensis.

Role of dactinomycin in the improved survival of children with Wilms' tumor

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (12) ◽  
pp. 1005-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Fernbach
Keyword(s):  
Wilms Tumor

Role of the allergist in diagnosis and management of patients with uveitis

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Van Metre
Keyword(s):  
Diagnosis And Management

The power of norms to sway fused group members

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winnifred R. Louis ◽  
Craig McGarty ◽  
Emma F. Thomas ◽  
Catherine E. Amiot ◽  
Fathali M. Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Anthropology ◽  
Normative Systems ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Identity Fusion ◽  
Group Members

AbstractWhitehouse adapts insights from evolutionary anthropology to interpret extreme self-sacrifice through the concept of identity fusion. The model neglects the role of normative systems in shaping behaviors, especially in relation to violent extremism. In peaceful groups, increasing fusion will actually decrease extremism. Groups collectively appraise threats and opportunities, actively debate action options, and rarely choose violence toward self or others.

Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

The role of affect in feelings of obligation

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefen Beeler-Duden ◽  
Meltem Yucel ◽  
Amrisha Vaish
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Sense Of Obligation

Abstract Tomasello offers a compelling account of the emergence of humans’ sense of obligation. We suggest that more needs to be said about the role of affect in the creation of obligations. We also argue that positive emotions such as gratitude evolved to encourage individuals to fulfill cooperative obligations without the negative quality that Tomasello proposes is inherent in obligations.

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