The Roles of Mitochondrial Cation Channels Under Physiological Conditions and in Cancer

2016 ◽  
pp. 47-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ildikò Szabò ◽  
Luigi Leanza
Keyword(s):  
Cation Channels ◽  
Physiological Conditions

Muscarinic activation and calcium permeation of nonselective cation currents in airway myocytes

1997 ◽  
Vol 272 (1) ◽  
pp. C341-C349 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. K. Fleischmann ◽  
Y. X. Wang ◽  
M. I. Kotlikoff
Keyword(s):  
Voltage Clamp ◽  
Reversal Potential ◽  
Cation Channels ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Permeability Ratio ◽  
Inward Current ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Cation Current ◽  
Nonselective Cation Channels ◽  
Instantaneous Voltage

We examined the activation and Ca2+ permeation of nonselective cation channels in voltage-clamped (nystatin), fura 2-loaded equine tracheal myocytes at 35 degrees C. Methacholine (50 microM) induced a biphasic increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and a biphasic inward current consisting of a large, rapidly inactivating Ca(2+)-activated Cl current [ICl(Ca)] and a smaller, sustained nonselective cation current (Icat) ICl(Ca) but not Icat was activated by caffeine. Neither Icat nor the sustained rise in [Ca2+]i was blocked by nisoldipine, whereas both were rapidly blocked by Ni2+; Icat was determined to be Ca2+ permeant, since 1) a sustained elevation of [Ca2+]i occurred when Icat was activated, and blockade of Icat produced a rapid decline in [Ca2+]i; 2) increasing extracellular Ca2+ during Icat increased [Ca2+]i; 3) 110 mM extracellular Ca2+ shifted the reversal potential of Icat to 12 mV (Ca(2+)-to-Cs+ permeability ratio = 3.6); and 4) instantaneous voltage-clamp steps to negative potentials during Icat increased the current and [Ca2+]i, whereas depolarizing steps decreased the current and [Ca2+]i. The fraction of Icat carried by Ca2+ under physiological conditions was estimated to be 14% at -60 mV.

Ultrastructure of Giant Mitochondria and Their Inclusions in Schwann Cells of Bovine Splenic Nerve

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
Å. Thureson-Klein
Keyword(s):  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Cell Organelles ◽  
Giant Mitochondria ◽  
Matrix Density ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Unmyelinated Axons ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
Structural Abnormalities ◽  
Cytotoxic Compounds ◽  
Cell Components

Giant mitochondria of various shapes and with different internal structures and matrix density have been observed in a great number of tissues including nerves. In most instances, the presence of giant mitochondria has been associated with a known disease or with abnormal physiological conditions such as anoxia or exposure to cytotoxic compounds. In these cases degenerative changes occurred in other cell organelles and, therefore the giant mitochondria also were believed to be induced structural abnormalities.Schwann cells ensheating unmyelinated axons of bovine splenic nerve regularly contain giant mitochondria in addition to the conventional smaller type (Fig. 1). These nerves come from healthy inspected animals presumed not to have been exposed to noxious agents. As there are no drastic changes in the small mitochondria and because other cell components also appear reasonably well preserved, it is believed that the giant mitochondria are normally present jin vivo and have not formed as a post-mortem artifact.

Freeze-fracture observations on changes in the distribution of Filipin-sterol complexes during epididymal maturation and capacitation of boar spermatozoa

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 90-91
Author(s):  
N. Seki ◽  
Y. Toyama ◽  
T. Nagano
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Final Concentration ◽  
Freeze Fracturing ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Epididymal Maturation ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Sperm Membrane ◽  
Boar Spermatozoa

It is believed that i ntramembra.nous sterols play an essential role in membrane stability and permeability. To investigate the distribution changes of sterols in sperm membrane during epididymal maturation and capacitation, filipin has been used as a cytochemical probe for the detection for membrane sterols. Using this technique in combination with freeze fracturing, we examined the boar spermatozoa under various physiological conditions.The spermatozoa were collected from: 1) caput, corpus and cauda epididymides, 2) sperm rich fraction of ejaculates, and 3)the uterus 2hr after natural coition. They were fixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.05M cacodylate buffer (pH 7.4), and treated with the filipin solution (final concentration : 0.02.0.05%) for 24hr at 4°C with constant agitation. After the filipin treatment, replicas were made by conventional freeze-fracture technique. The density of filipin-sterol complexes (FSCs) was determined in the E face of the plasma membrane of head regions.

Cation channels of the TRPC family contribute to development of nephropathy and retinopathy in the STZ model

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (S 01) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Freichel ◽  
D Schumacher ◽  
C Matka ◽  
I Mathar ◽  
U Kriebs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cation Channels

Influence of stable iodine on the uptake of the thyroid – model vs. experiment

2001 ◽  
Vol 40 (01) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Wellner ◽  
E. Voth ◽  
H. Schicha ◽  
K. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
The Body ◽  
Iodine Uptake ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Iodine Supply ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Stable Iodine

Summary Aim: The influence of physiological and pharmacological amounts of iodine on the uptake of radioiodine in the thyroid was examined in a 4-compartment model. This model allows equations to be derived describing the distribution of tracer iodine as a function of time. The aim of the study was to compare the predictions of the model with experimental data. Methods: Five euthyroid persons received stable iodine (200 μg, 10 mg). 1-123-uptake into the thyroid was measured with the Nal (Tl)-detector of a body counter under physiological conditions and after application of each dose of additional iodine. Actual measurements and predicted values were compared, taking into account the individual iodine supply as estimated from the thyroid uptake under physiological conditions and data from the literature. Results: Thyroid iodine uptake decreased from 80% under physiological conditions to 50% in individuals with very low iodine supply (15 μg/d) (n = 2). The uptake calculated from the model was 36%. Iodine uptake into the thyroid did not decrease in individuals with typical iodine supply, i.e. for Cologne 65-85 μg/d (n = 3). After application of 10 mg of stable iodine, uptake into the thyroid decreased in all individuals to about 5%, in accordance with the model calculations. Conclusion: Comparison of theoretical predictions with the measured values demonstrated that the model tested is well suited for describing the time course of iodine distribution and uptake within the body. It can now be used to study aspects of iodine metabolism relevant to the pharmacological administration of iodine which cannot be investigated experimentally in humans for ethical and technical reasons.

Interaction of Plasminogen Activators and Plasminogen with Heparin: Effect of Ionic Strength

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (05) ◽  
pp. 867-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dingeman C Rijken ◽  
Gerard A W de Munk ◽  
Annie F H Jie
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Plasminogen Activators ◽  
Fibrinolytic System ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Single Chain ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Amino Terminal ◽  
Type Plasminogen Activator

SummaryIn order to define the possible effects of heparin on the fibrinolytic system under physiological conditions, we studied the interactions of this drug with plasminogen and its activators at various ionic strengths. As reported in recent literature, heparin stimulated the activation of Lys-plasminogen by high molecular weight (HMW) and low molecular weight (LMW) two-chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) and two-chain tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) 10- to 17-fold. Our results showed, however, that this stimulation only occurred at low ionic strength and was negligible at a physiological salt concentration. Direct binding studies were performed using heparin-agarose column chromatography. The interaction between heparin and Lys-plasminogen appeared to be salt sensitive, which explains at least in part why heparin did not stimulate plasminogen activation at 0.15 M NaCl. The binding of u-PA and t-PA to heparinagarose was less salt sensitive. Results were consistent with heparin binding sites on both LMW u-PA and the amino-terminal part of HMW u-PA. Single-chain t-PA bound more avidly than two-chain t-PA. The interactions between heparin and plasminogen activators can occur under physiological conditions and may modulate the fibrinolytic system.

Modelling the salivary cortisone to serum cortisol inter-relationship to predict serum cortisol under physiological conditions and after hydrocortisone

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Debono ◽  
Robert Harrison ◽  
Brian Keevil ◽  
Martin Whitaker ◽  
Dena Digweed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Physiological Conditions

The Role of TRPV4 Cation Channels in Regulation of Phenylephrine-Induced Contraction of Rat Pulmonary Artery

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-130
Author(s):  
Dariia Dryn ◽  
Mariia Melnyk ◽  
Ihor Kizub ◽  
Hongzhen Hu ◽  
Anatoly I. Soloviev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Cation Channels

Supramolecular Enhancement of Aminoxyl ORCA Contrast Agents

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamilton Lee ◽  
Jenica Lumata ◽  
Michael A. Luzuriaga ◽  
Candace Benjamin ◽  
Olivia Brohlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Organic Radical ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Physiological Conditions

<div><div><div><p>Many contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging are based on gadolinium, however side effects limit their use in some patients. Organic radical contrast agents (ORCAs) are potential alternatives, but are reduced rapidly in physiological conditions and have low relaxivities as single molecule contrast agents. Herein, we use a supramolecular strategy where cucurbit[8]uril binds with nanomolar affinities to ORCAs and protects them against biological reductants to create a stable radical in vivo. We further over came the weak contrast by conjugating this complex on the surface of a self-assembled biomacromolecule derived from the tobacco mosaic virus.</p></div></div></div>

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