scholarly journals Neuropharmacology of Synthetic Cathinones

2018 ◽  
pp. 113-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael H. Baumann ◽  
Hailey M. Walters ◽  
Marco Niello ◽  
Harald H. Sitte
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Cathinones

Prevalence and Surveillance of Synthetic Cathinones Use by Hair Analysis: An Update Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (36) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Claude Alvarez ◽  
Nicolas Fabresse ◽  
Islam A. Larabi
Keyword(s):  
Hair Analysis ◽  
Synthetic Cathinones

scholarly journals Evaluation of Cytotoxic and Mutagenic Effects of the Synthetic Cathinones Mexedrone, α-PVP and α-PHP

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6320
Author(s):  
Monia Lenzi ◽  
Veronica Cocchi ◽  
Sofia Gasperini ◽  
Raffaella Arfè ◽  
Matteo Marti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Metabolic Activation ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Synthetic Cathinones ◽  
The Other ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Genetic Damage ◽  
Mutagenic Potential ◽  
Tk6 Cells ◽  
Mutagenic Effects

Mexedrone, α-PVP and α-PHP are synthetic cathinones. They can be considered amphetamine-like substances with a stimulating effect. Actually, studies showing their impact on DNA are totally absent. Therefore, in order to fill this gap, aim of the present work was to evaluate their mutagenicity on TK6 cells. On the basis of cytotoxicity and cytostasis results, we selected the concentrations (35–100 µM) to be used in the further analysis. We used the micronucleus (MN) as indicator of genetic damage and analyzed the MNi frequency fold increase by flow cytometry. Mexedrone demonstrated its mutagenic potential contrary to the other two compounds; we then proceeded by repeating the analyzes in the presence of extrinsic metabolic activation in order to check if it was possible to totally exclude the mutagenic capacity for α-PVP and α-PHP. The results demonstrated instead the mutagenicity of their metabolites. We then evaluated reactive oxygen species (ROS) induction as a possible mechanism at the basis of the highlighted effects but the results did not show a statistically significant increase in ROS levels for any of the tested substances. Anyway, our outcomes emphasize the importance of mutagenicity evaluation for a complete assessment of the risk associated with synthetic cathinones exposure.

Sequential injection analysis coupled to on-line benchtop proton NMR: Method development and application to the determination of synthetic cathinones in seized drug samples

Talanta ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 231 ◽  
pp. 122355
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Trinklein ◽  
Malati Thapa ◽  
Lexie A. Lanphere ◽  
John A. Frost ◽  
Sandra M. Koresch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Method Development ◽  
Proton Nmr ◽  
Synthetic Cathinones ◽  
Sequential Injection Analysis ◽  
Sequential Injection ◽  
Nmr Method ◽  
On Line

scholarly journals Pyrrolidinyl Synthetic Cathinones α-PHP and 4F-α-PVP Metabolite Profiling Using Human Hepatocyte Incubations

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 230
Author(s):  
Jeremy Carlier ◽  
Xingxing Diao ◽  
Raffaele Giorgetti ◽  
Francesco P. Busardò ◽  
Marilyn A. Huestis
Keyword(s):  
Metabolite Profiling ◽  
Human Liver ◽  
Liver Microsomes ◽  
Drug Market ◽  
Metabolite Profile ◽  
Illegal Drug ◽  
Human Hepatocyte ◽  
Synthetic Cathinones ◽  
Metabolic Fate ◽  
Analytical Standards

For more than ten years, new synthetic cathinones (SCs) mimicking the effects of controlled cocaine-like stimulants have flooded the illegal drug market, causing numerous intoxications and fatalities. There are often no data on the pharmacokinetics of these substances when they first emerge onto the market. However, the detection of SC metabolites is often critical in order to prove consumption in clinical and forensic settings. In this research, the metabolite profile of two pyrrolidinyl SCs, α-pyrrolidinohexaphenone (α-PHP) and 4′′-fluoro-α-pyrrolidinovalerophenone (4F-α-PVP), were characterized to identify optimal intake markers. Experiments were conducted using pooled human hepatocyte incubations followed by liquid chromatography–high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry and data-mining software. We suggest α-PHP dihydroxy-pyrrolidinyl, α-PHP hexanol, α-PHP 2′-keto-pyrrolidinyl-hexanol, and α-PHP 2′-keto-pyrrolidinyl as markers of α-PHP use, and 4F-α-PVP dihydroxy-pyrrolidinyl, 4F-α-PVP hexanol, 4F-α-PVP 2′-keto-pyrrolidinyl-hexanol, and 4F-α-PVP 2′-keto-pyrrolidinyl as markers of 4F-α-PVP use. These results represent the first data available on 4F-α-PVP metabolism. The metabolic fate of α-PHP was previously studied using human liver microsomes and urine samples from α-PHP users. We identified an additional major metabolite (α-PHP dihydroxy-pyrrolidinyl) that might be crucial for documenting exposure to α-PHP. Further experiments with suitable analytical standards, which are yet to be synthesized, and authentic specimens should be conducted to confirm these results.

Khat and synthetic cathinones: a review

2013 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria João Valente ◽  
Paula Guedes de Pinho ◽  
Maria de Lourdes Bastos ◽  
Félix Carvalho ◽  
Márcia Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Cathinones

scholarly journals Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry determination of synthetic cathinones and phenethylamines in influent wastewater of eight European cities

Chemosphere ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. 1032-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Bade ◽  
Lubertus Bijlsma ◽  
Juan V. Sancho ◽  
Jose A. Baz-Lomba ◽  
Sara Castiglioni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Synthetic Cathinones ◽  
Tandem Mass ◽  
European Cities ◽  
Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Influent Wastewater

Molecularly imprinted polymer solid-phase extraction of synthetic cathinones from urine and whole blood samples

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (24) ◽  
pp. 4506-4514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takaya Murakami ◽  
Yoshiaki Iwamuro ◽  
Reiko Ishimaru ◽  
Satoshi Chinaka ◽  
Hiroshi Hasegawa
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase Extraction ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted Polymer ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Synthetic Cathinones ◽  
Phase Extraction ◽  
Imprinted Polymer ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Whole Blood Samples

Excited delirium following use of synthetic cathinones (bath salts)

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 647-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Penders ◽  
Richard E. Gestring ◽  
Dmitry A. Vilensky
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Cathinones ◽  
Bath Salts ◽  
Excited Delirium

scholarly journals Mechanisms of hepatocellular toxicity associated with new psychoactive synthetic cathinones

Toxicology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 387 ◽  
pp. 57-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dino Luethi ◽  
Matthias E. Liechti ◽  
Stephan Krähenbühl
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Cathinones

scholarly journals Use of synthetic cathinones and cannabimimetics among injection drug users in San Diego, California

2014 ◽  
Vol 141 ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla D. Wagner ◽  
Richard F. Armenta ◽  
Alexis M. Roth ◽  
Jane C. Maxwell ◽  
Jazmine Cuevas-Mota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injection Drug Users ◽  
San Diego ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Synthetic Cathinones ◽  
Injection Drug
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