Environmental Pollution, Race and Place: Research and Policy Implications

Author(s):  
Ibipo Johnston-Anumonwo
2021 ◽  
Vol 164 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad S. Boda ◽  
Turaj Faran ◽  
Murray Scown ◽  
Kelly Dorkenoo ◽  
Brian C. Chaffin ◽  
...  

AbstractLoss and damage from climate change, recognized as a unique research and policy domain through the Warsaw International Mechanism (WIM) in 2013, has drawn increasing attention among climate scientists and policy makers. Labelled by some as the “third pillar” of the international climate regime—along with mitigation and adaptation—it has been suggested that loss and damage has the potential to catalyze important synergies with other international agendas, particularly sustainable development. However, the specific approaches to sustainable development that inform loss and damage research and how these approaches influence research outcomes and policy recommendations remain largely unexplored. We offer a systematic analysis of the assumptions of sustainable development that underpins loss and damage scholarship through a comprehensive review of peer-reviewed research on loss and damage. We demonstrate that the use of specific metrics, decision criteria, and policy prescriptions by loss and damage researchers and practitioners implies an unwitting adherence to different underlying theories of sustainable development, which in turn impact how loss and damage is conceptualized and applied. In addition to research and policy implications, our review suggests that assumptions about the aims of sustainable development determine how loss and damage is conceptualized, measured, and governed, and the human development approach currently represents the most advanced perspective on sustainable development and thus loss and damage. This review supports sustainable development as a coherent, comprehensive, and integrative framework for guiding further conceptual and empirical development of loss and damage scholarship.


2021 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 102226
Author(s):  
Magnus C. Abraham-Dukuma ◽  
Michael O. Dioha ◽  
Okechukwu C. Aholu ◽  
Nnaemeka Vincent Emodi ◽  
Chitzi Ogbumgbada ◽  
...  

1984 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Snehendu B. Kar

This article presents a multidimensional model of psychosocial determinants of health behavior for health promotion research and policy analysis. Frequently, health promotion focuses almost exclusively on intrapsychic determinants and on individual level behavior. Based upon Field Theory and attitude theories, this proposed model holds that in populations with comparable sociodemographic and biological status (exogenous variables) a health behavior is a function of direct and interaction effects of five key intrapsychic and external variables. These are: behavioral intentions, social support, accessibility of means for action, personal autonomy, and action situation. Empirical tests with cross-cultural studies in Venezuela, Kenya, and the Philippines provide substantial support for the model. The findings suggest that while health promotion strategies should deal with intrapsychic determinants of behavior, key extrapsychic factors (such as social support, quality and accessibility of health care measures, and situational factors) all have direct and independent effects on health behavior as well. Health promotion research and interventions which aim exclusively at intrapsychic determinants would thus have rather limited overall value. The article discusses key research and policy implications of the model presented.


2020 ◽  
pp. 219-234
Author(s):  
Johnna Christian

Research about prisoner reentry has identified an assortment of needs for formerly incarcerated men. In addition to concerns such as finding employment, securing housing, and complying with supervision requirements, they must navigate family relationships that may have been strained prior to incarceration, and are further challenged by the separation imposed by confinement. Paradoxically, these family relationships that pose challenges also hold great promise to mitigate some of the other hardships posed by reintegration. Family members often provide support and assistance that is not readily available through other channels: a place to sleep, transportation, job leads, meals, and encouragement. Yet, the provision and receipt of instrumental and emotional support requires substantial negotiation of fluid and shifting relationship dynamics. Emotional attachments therefore become entangled with instrumental needs, the availability of specific resources, and willingness to share these resources. Through analysis of in-depth interviews with formerly incarcerated men in an urban Northeastern city, this chapter examines how they identify potential avenues of familial support, how they balance and maximize resources gained from family members, and how they manage strains in family relationships. Research and policy implications for understanding both the benefits and limitations of family support for formerly incarcerated men are discussed.


2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Xie ◽  
Chunlin Chen ◽  
Yihua Yu

While China’s rapid industrialization has brought great pressure on environmental pollution, great variations appear in terms of environmental pollution levels among industries. The effective assessment of the environmental performance of different industries is not only conducive to identifying the major sources of pollution in China but also of great significance to the Chinese government in formulating differentiated industry environmental control policies in a targeted manner. Using data of 36 Chinese industries from 2006 to 2015 and a multiple data envelopment analysis (DEA) with a Gini criterion as well as a systematic clustering approach, this study first calculates the environmental efficiency score of Chinese industries and then identifies those pollution sources based on a ranking and clustering analysis. The main result indicates that the ranking of environmental efficiency of various industries overall varies greatly by time. In addition, using a clustering analysis, this study finds that 13 labor-intensive light industries and heavy chemical industries with high energy use and high emissions are medium- and high-pollution industries. Important policy implications are drawn to achieve green industrial development.


2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daphne Blunt Bugental ◽  
Jessica A. Hehman

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