Learning Behavioral Patterns of Time Series for Video-Surveillance

Changes in Dairy Cow Behavior with and without Assistance at Calving

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11080722 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 722

Author(s):

Bethan Cavendish ◽

John McDonagh ◽

Georgios Tzimiropoulos ◽

Kimberley R. Slinger ◽

Zoë J. Huggett ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Video Surveillance ◽

Dairy Cow ◽

Mixed Model ◽

Linear Mixed Model ◽

Generalized Linear Mixed Model ◽

Behavioral Data ◽

Behavioral Patterns ◽

Holstein Friesian ◽

Time Periods

The aim of this study was to characterize calving behavior of dairy cows and to compare the duration and frequency of behaviors for assisted and unassisted dairy cows at calving. Behavioral data from nine hours prior to calving were collected for 35 Holstein-Friesian dairy cows. Cows were continuously monitored under 24 h video surveillance. The behaviors of standing, lying, walking, shuffle, eating, drinking and contractions were recorded for each cow until birth. A generalized linear mixed model was used to assess differences in the duration and frequency of behaviors prior to calving for assisted and unassisted cows. The nine hours prior to calving was assessed in three-hour time periods. The study found that the cows spent a large proportion of their time either lying (0.49) or standing (0.35), with a higher frequency of standing (0.36) and shuffle (0.26) bouts than other behaviors during the study. There were no differences in behavior between assisted and unassisted cows. During the three-hours prior to calving, the duration and bouts of lying, including contractions, were higher than during other time periods. While changes in behavior failed to identify an association with calving assistance, the monitoring of behavioral patterns could be used as an alert to the progress of parturition.

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Indexing Multi-Dimensional Trajectories for Similarity Queries

Spatial Databases ◽

10.4018/978-1-59140-387-6.ch005 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 107-129 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Michail Valachos ◽

Marios Hadjieleftheriou ◽

Eamonn Keogh ◽

Dimitrios Gunopulos

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Video Surveillance ◽

Low Cost ◽

Distance Measures ◽

Similarity Queries ◽

Indexing Scheme ◽

Storage Devices ◽

Surveillance Applications ◽

Trajectory Indexing

With the abundance of low-cost storage devices, a plethora of applications that store and manage very large multi-dimensional trajectories (or time-series) datasets have emerged recently. Examples include traffic supervision systems, video surveillance applications, meteorology and more. Thus, it is becoming essential to provide a robust trajectory indexing framework designed especially for performing similarity queries in such applications. In this regard, this chapter presents an indexing scheme that can support a wide variety of (user-customizable) distance measures while, at the same time, it guarantees retrieval of similar trajectories with accuracy and efficiency.

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A New Modeling Technique Based on Markov Chains to Mine Behavioral Patterns in Event Based Time Series

DataWarehousing and Knowledge Discovery - Lecture Notes in Computer Science ◽

10.1007/3-540-48298-9_35 ◽

1999 ◽

pp. 331-342

Author(s):

S. Massa ◽

M. Paolucci ◽

P. P. Puliafito

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Markov Chains ◽

Modeling Technique ◽

Behavioral Patterns ◽

Event Based

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The LDE-Type Flare Occurrence (1969-1993)

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100025458 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 144 ◽

pp. 279-282

Author(s):

A. Antalová

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Fourier Analysis ◽

Sunspot Cycle ◽

List Type ◽

Type Number ◽

Solar Cycles ◽

Type Iv ◽

Long Duration ◽

Cycle Maximum ◽

Flare Index

AbstractThe occurrence of LDE-type flares in the last three cycles has been investigated. The Fourier analysis spectrum was calculated for the time series of the LDE-type flare occurrence during the 20-th, the 21-st and the rising part of the 22-nd cycle. LDE-type flares (Long Duration Events in SXR) are associated with the interplanetary protons (SEP and STIP as well), energized coronal archs and radio type IV emission. Generally, in all the cycles considered, LDE-type flares mainly originated during a 6-year interval of the respective cycle (2 years before and 4 years after the sunspot cycle maximum). The following significant periodicities were found:• in the 20-th cycle: 1.4, 2.1, 2.9, 4.0, 10.7 and 54.2 of month,• in the 21-st cycle: 1.2, 1.6, 2.8, 4.9, 7.8 and 44.5 of month,• in the 22-nd cycle, till March 1992: 1.4, 1.8, 2.4, 7.2, 8.7, 11.8 and 29.1 of month,• in all interval (1969-1992):a)the longer periodicities: 232.1, 121.1 (the dominant at 10.1 of year), 80.7, 61.9 and 25.6 of month,b)the shorter periodicities: 4.7, 5.0, 6.8, 7.9, 9.1, 15.8 and 20.4 of month.Fourier analysis of the LDE-type flare index (FI) yields significant peaks at 2.3 - 2.9 months and 4.2 - 4.9 months. These short periodicities correspond remarkably in the all three last solar cycles. The larger periodicities are different in respective cycles.

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