Isolation of Nucleoli for Characterization of Nucleolar Contents to Uncover Clues to Metastatic Progression

2021 ◽  
pp. 269-274
Author(s):  
Shannon E. Weeks ◽  
Rajeev S. Samant
Keyword(s):  
Metastatic Progression

scholarly journals Multifaceted Functional Role of Semaphorins in Glioblastoma

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 2144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiana Angelucci ◽  
Gina Lama ◽  
Gigliola Sica
Keyword(s):  
Axon Guidance ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Tumor Type ◽  
Metastatic Progression ◽  
Oncogenic Pathways ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Wide Group

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant tumor type affecting the adult central nervous system. Despite advances in therapy, the prognosis for patients with GBM remains poor, with a median survival of about 15 months. To date, few treatment options are available and recent trials based on the molecular targeting of some of the GBM hallmark pathways (e.g., angiogenesis) have not produced any significant improvement in overall survival. The urgent need to develop more efficacious targeted therapies has led to a better molecular characterization of GBM, revealing an emerging role of semaphorins in GBM progression. Semphorins are a wide group of membrane-bound and secreted proteins, originally identified as axon guidance cues, signaling through their receptors, neuropilins, and plexins. A number of semaphorin signals involved in the control of axonal growth and navigation during development have been found to furthermore participate in crosstalk with different dysfunctional GBM pathways, controlling tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, as well as tumor angiogenesis or immune response. In this review, we summarize the regulatory activities mediated by semaphorins and their receptors on the oncogenic pathways implicated in GBM growth and invasive/metastatic progression.

Invasion and metastasis

2016 ◽  
pp. 61-71
Author(s):  
Andrew P. Mazar ◽  
Andrey Ugolkov ◽  
Jack Henkin ◽  
Richard W. Ahn ◽  
Thomas V. O’Halloran
Keyword(s):  
New Drugs ◽  
Molecular Pathways ◽  
Cellular Interactions ◽  
Metastatic Progression ◽  
Circulating Tumour Cells ◽  
Metastatic Cells ◽  
Specific Organ ◽  
Metastatic Process ◽  
Identification And Characterization

Mortality in cancer patients usually occurs as a result of dissemination of their disease, a multi-factorial process called metastasis. This chapter discusses current understanding of how metastasis occurs and the pathways and cellular interactions that contribute to this process. Current views on lymphatic, haematogenous, and direct dissemination of metastatic cells through body cavities are considered, along with the contribution of tumour stromal cells, immune, and infiltrating cells derived from bone marrow, and angiogenesis to the metastatic process. Recent advances in characterizing metastatic niches and the contribution of specific organ sites and microenvironments to metastatic progression are presented, and the identification and characterization of circulating tumour cells and their role in metastasis are considered. Finally, representative molecular pathways as well as a sampling of new drugs in development for the treatment of metastatic disease are presented and referenced.

scholarly journals Characterization of triple‐negative breast cancer preclinical models provides functional evidence of metastatic progression

2019 ◽  
Vol 145 (8) ◽  
pp. 2267-2281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan J. Arroyo‐Crespo ◽  
Ana Armiñán ◽  
David Charbonnier ◽  
Coralie Deladriere ◽  
Martina Palomino‐Schätzlein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Triple Negative Breast Cancer ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Metastatic Progression ◽  
Preclinical Models

Establishment and Characterization of a Feline Mammary Tumor Patient-Derived Xenograft Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsiao-Li Chuang ◽  
Yi-Chih Chang ◽  
Yi-Ting Huang ◽  
Jiunn-Wang Liao ◽  
Yi-Lo Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Tumor ◽  
Xenograft Model ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Metastatic Progression ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Tumor Patient ◽  
Pdx Model ◽  
Short Tandem

Abstract BackgroundFeline mammary tumor (FMT) is a relatively commonly diagnosed neoplasm in the cat. Development of new veterinary cancer therapies is limited by the shortage of in vivo models that reproduce tumor microenvironment and metastatic progression. ResultsFour FMT-patient‐derived xenografts (PDX) successfully established in NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid IL2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ mice. The overall success rate of PDX establishment was 36% (4/11). Histological, immunohistochemical, and short tandem repeat analysis showed a remarkable similarity between patient's tumor and PDX.ConclusionsIn this study, FMT-PDX model were established. The tumor grafts conserve original tumor essential features, including distant metastasis. FMT-PDX represents an available resource for bridging the biology of FMT with preclinical studies of FMT in cats.

scholarly journals Establishment and Characterization of Feline Mammary Tumor Patient-Derived Xenograft Model

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2380
Author(s):  
Hsiao-Li Chuang ◽  
Yi-Chih Chang ◽  
Yi-Ting Huang ◽  
Jiunn-Wang Liao ◽  
Pei-Ling Kao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Tumor ◽  
Xenograft Model ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Metastatic Progression ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Tumor Patient ◽  
Nsg Mice ◽  
Patient Derived Xenograft

Feline mammary tumor is a relatively commonly diagnosed neoplasm in the cat. Development of new veterinary cancer therapies is limited by the shortage of in vivo models that reproduce tumor microenvironment and metastatic progression. Four feline mammary tumor orthotopic patient-derived xenograft model (PDX) successfully established in NOD-SCID gamma (NSG) mice. The overall success rate of PDX establishment was 36% (4/11). Histological, immunohistochemical, and short tandem repeat analysis showed a remarkable similarity between patient’s tumor and xenograft. The tumor grafts conserve original tumor essential features, including distant metastasis. Primary FMT-1807 cell line isolated from FMT-1807PDX tumor tissue. Tumorigenicity of FMT-1807 cells expanded from PDX was assessed by orthotopic injection into NSG mice. Mice yielded tumors which preserve the lung and liver metastasis ability. This work provides a platform for FMT translational investigation.

AB030. Characterization of the interactions between hepatic stellate cells and tumor cells during uveal melanoma metastatic progression

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. AB030-AB030
Author(s):  
Léo Piquet ◽  
William Pelletier ◽  
Peter Gerges ◽  
Julie Bérubé ◽  
Solange Landreville
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Uveal Melanoma ◽  
Hepatic Stellate Cells ◽  
Stellate Cells ◽  
Metastatic Progression

scholarly journals Circulating Tumor Cells in Breast Cancer: Detection Systems, Molecular Characterization, and Future Challenges

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 1242-1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evi S Lianidou ◽  
Athina Markou
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Circulating Tumor Cell ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Cell Detection ◽  
Metastatic Progression ◽  
Metastatic Relapse ◽  
The Status

BACKGROUND Circulating tumor cell (CTC) analysis is a promising new diagnostic field for estimating the risk for metastatic relapse and metastatic progression in patients with cancer. CONTENT Different analytical systems for CTC isolation and detection have been developed as immunocytochemical and molecular assays, most including separation steps by size or biological characteristics, such as expression of epithelial- or cancer-specific markers. Recent technical advancements in CTC detection and characterization include methods based on multiplex reverse-transcription quantitative PCR and approaches based on imaging and microfilter and microchip devices. New areas of research are directed toward developing novel assays for CTC molecular characterization. QC is an important issue for CTC analysis, and standardization of micrometastatic cell detection and characterization methodologies is important for the incorporation of CTCs into prospective clinical trials to test their clinical utility. The molecular characterization of CTCs can provide important information on the molecular and biological nature of these cells, such as the status of hormone receptors and epidermal and other growth factor receptor family members, and indications of stem-cell characteristics. This information is important for the identification of therapeutic targets and resistance mechanisms in CTCs as well as for the stratification of patients and real-time monitoring of systemic therapies. SUMMARY CTC analysis can be used as a liquid biopsy approach for prognostic and predictive purposes in breast and other cancers. In this review we focus on state-of-the-art technology platforms for CTC isolation, imaging, and detection; QC of CTC analysis; and ongoing challenges for the molecular characterization of CTCs.

Morphological Characterization of Mycobacteriophage R1

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 254-255
Author(s):  
B. L. Soloff ◽  
T. A. Rado
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Minimal Medium ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Logarithmic Growth Phase ◽  
Complete Lysis ◽  
Lysogenic Culture ◽  
Logarithmic Growth

Mycobacteriophage R1 was originally isolated from a lysogenic culture of M. butyricum. The virus was propagated on a leucine-requiring derivative of M. smegmatis, 607 leu−, isolated by nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis of typestrain ATCC 607. Growth was accomplished in a minimal medium containing glycerol and glucose as carbon source and enriched by the addition of 80 μg/ ml L-leucine. Bacteria in early logarithmic growth phase were infected with virus at a multiplicity of 5, and incubated with aeration for 8 hours. The partially lysed suspension was diluted 1:10 in growth medium and incubated for a further 8 hours. This permitted stationary phase cells to re-enter logarithmic growth and resulted in complete lysis of the culture.

AEM analysis of crystallization in Ti-based amorphous alloys

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 270-271
Author(s):  
A.R. Pelton ◽  
A.F. Marshall ◽  
Y.S. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Amorphous Alloys ◽  
Amorphous Materials ◽  
Isothermal Annealing ◽  
Amorphous Matrix ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Current Interest ◽  
Amorphous Films ◽  
Electrical And Magnetic Properties

Amorphous materials are of current interest due to their desirable mechanical, electrical and magnetic properties. Furthermore, crystallizing amorphous alloys provides an avenue for discerning sequential and competitive phases thus allowing access to otherwise inaccessible crystalline structures. Previous studies have shown the benefits of using AEM to determine crystal structures and compositions of partially crystallized alloys. The present paper will discuss the AEM characterization of crystallized Cu-Ti and Ni-Ti amorphous films.Cu60Ti40: The amorphous alloy Cu60Ti40, when continuously heated, forms a simple intermediate, macrocrystalline phase which then transforms to the ordered, equilibrium Cu3Ti2 phase. However, contrary to what one would expect from kinetic considerations, isothermal annealing below the isochronal crystallization temperature results in direct nucleation and growth of Cu3Ti2 from the amorphous matrix.

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