Chi-Square Tests

1984 ◽  
pp. 189-217
Author(s):  
R. B. G. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Tests

scholarly journals What are the Most Widely Used and Effective Attack Coverage Systems in Men’s Volleyball?

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-121
Author(s):  
Raúl Hileno ◽  
Antonio García-de-Alcaraz ◽  
Bernat Buscà ◽  
Cristòfol Salas ◽  
Oleguer Camerino
Keyword(s):  
Mean Difference ◽  
First Line ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Residuals Analysis ◽  
Specific Position ◽  
Pan American ◽  
Guiding Principles ◽  
High Level ◽  
Tests For Independence ◽  
Chi Square Tests

Abstract In volleyball, attack coverage is one of the play actions most neglected in coaching and research. The purpose of this study was to find out which attack coverage systems are used by high-level men’s teams in different game situations and the characteristics of the most effective systems. We analysed 15 matches from the 2010 Men’s Pan-American Volleyball Cup, with a total of 1,415 coverage actions. Chi-square tests for independence, adjusted residuals analysis and calculations of standardised mean difference were performed. The results show that high-level men’s volleyball uses many coverage systems other than the traditional 3-2-0 and 2-3-0. At this level of play, the most frequent systems were 1-3-1 and 1-2-2, which occurred significantly often at the culmination of a third-tempo attack at the wing. The most effective systems consisted of three coverage lines, with fewer than five players covering the spiker and at least one player in the first coverage line, in both the attack and counterattack phases. Given the large number of coverage systems identified in different game situations, we recommend flexible, loosely structured training in these systems, based on a set of guiding principles that all players on a team must internalise for the specific position they are playing. Regarding the systems’ efficacy, the main watchword is that on each coverage line there should always be at least one player, but the first line should not be exposed.

Generational differences in the placement of clitic se in New York City Spanish

2021 ◽  
pp. 136700692110165
Author(s):  
Kevin Martillo Viner
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Internal Variables ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
External Variables ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Finite Verb ◽  
Chi Square Tests

Aims and objectives: This study analyzes the proclitic and enclitic positions of Spanish clitic se (e.g., ella se quería ir / ella quería irse ‘she wanted to go’) across two generations of Spanish speakers in New York City. In an effort to contribute to ongoing research aimed at better understanding Spanish in the US, the following questions are addressed. In syntactic environments that permit variation, does placement of Spanish se differ between the two generations? From the internal variables identified for this study (nonfinite verb type, finite verb, tense of finite verb, grammatical person, use of se, grammatical mood of finite verb, negation), which ones have a statistically significant effect on placement? From the external variables identified for this study (national origin, region, areal origins, sex, age, years in US, socioeconomic class, education, English skill, Spanish skill, general Spanish use), which ones have a statistically significant effect on placement? Design and data: This study is carried out within a variationist-sociolinguistic framework and the sample consists of 50 participants, 25 from the first generation (G1) and 25 from the second (G2). Analysis: Bivariate chi-square tests are performed in order to determine what internal and external variables constrain placement of the dependent variable (clitic se placement). Findings: Generation has a statistically significant effect on placement ( p = .016), wherein proclisis is more frequent amongst the G2 participants. These results corroborate previous research showing an overall preference for proclisis in both monolingual and bilingual/heritage speakers. Further, chi-square tests pinpoint five conditioning effects for G1 (nonfinite verb type, use of se, finite verb, years in US, and English skill), but only two for G2 (use of se and English skill). Originality and implications: The present study is the first to discover strong correlations between the proclitic position and the numerous internal and external variables quantitatively assessed. Future research is thus warranted.

scholarly journals Comparing Motivation-Based and Motivation-Attitude-Based Segmentation of Tourists Visiting Sensitive Destinations

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoonjeong Jeong ◽  
Seweryn Zielinski ◽  
Ji-soon Chang ◽  
Seong-il Kim
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Market Segmentation ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Lao People’S Democratic Republic ◽  
Lao People's Democratic Republic ◽  
Chi Square Tests

This study aims to compare motivation-based and motivation-attitude-based segmentation of tourist markets, by identifying the heterogeneity of both solutions. A k-means cluster analysis was conducted to segment markets, using the data collected from 722 respondents, via an onsite survey of visitors to the Kuang Si Waterfall and Konglor Cave in Lao People’s Democratic Republic. Subsequently, socio-demographic and trip-related characteristics among the segments were compared using ANOVA and Chi-square tests. Both motivation-based and motivation-attitude-based segmentation each generated four distinctive segments. Although both solutions are viable for segmentation, the latter was found to be more useful in separating segments than the former, as its segments were significantly more distinguishable from each other in terms of socio-demographic and trip-related characteristics. This result contributes to the body of research on the comparison of market segmentation techniques, which is a rarely investigated topic.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF PHYSICIANS’ GENDER AND EXPERIENCE ON PERSIAN MEDICAL INTERACTIONS

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-110
Author(s):  
Fariba Ramazani Sarbandi ◽  
Giti Taki ◽  
Pakzad Yousefian ◽  
Mohamad Reza Farangi
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Patient Interactions ◽  
Medical Consultations ◽  
Power Strategies ◽  
Tag Questions ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Physician Patient ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Chi Square Tests

This study focusing on physician-patient interactions aimed to find out whetherphysicians’ gender and experience influence Persian doctor-patient interactions. Sopower strategies in physician-patient interactions were extracted and categorized toexplore the relationship between physicians’ gender and experience and power strategies.Fieldwork was conducted in clinics and hospitals of Rafsanjan city in Iran. One hundredphysician-patient consultations were audiotaped and transcribed during 2011-2012.Woods’ (2006) view was used to examine four strategies of power and knowledge ontheir talk. The findings pointed out the importance of investigating discourse of medicinein order to improve medical consultations, especially physician-patient interactions.Our study confirmed some previous assertions that physician-patient interactionswere asymmetrical. Physicians controlled and dominated the medical consultations byquestioning, interruptions, directive statements and tag questions. The analysis of the datarevealed that all power strategies were applied in Iranian physician-patient interactions.The results of Chi-Square tests indicated that there was a significant relationship betweenpower strategies and physicians’ experience and gender. It was concluded that the femaleand inexperienced physicians tended to control consultations by questioning, interruption,directives and tag questions more than the male and experienced physicians.

scholarly journals PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM USAHA KESEHATAN SEKOLAH DI WILAYAH BINAAN PUSKESMAS DTP JAYAGIRI KABUPATEN BANDUNG BARAT

2018 ◽  
pp. 47-58
Author(s):  
Sri Quintina Indriyana ◽  
Suci Rayan Sari ◽  
Nina Nurfitriany ◽  
Thirafi Mitsali Ungari ◽  
Intan Maharani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Consecutive Sampling ◽  
Chi Square Tests

Keputusan medik yang dibangun secara bersama antara dokter dan pasien sangat penting dalam proses pengobatan. Menghargai hak individu adalah salah satu prinsip etika klinik tidak mudah penerapannya sehingga pasien dapat mengambil keputusan, dokter mempunyai kewajiban untuk mendorong pasien membuat keputusan pilihan secara mandiri. Fungsi kognitif berperan penting dalam mengambil keputusan berdasarkan informed consent yang diberikan oleh dokter dalam pengobatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan tingkat kognitif dengan pemahaman pasien geriatrik terhadap informed consent. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional dengan teknik pengambilan sampel consecutive sampling pada 40 orang pasien geriatric RS Dustira. Data dianalisis menggunakan Chi-Square Tests untuk melihat hubungan dua variabel (p < 0,05). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terdapat hubungan bermakna antara tingkat kognitif dengan pemahaman pasien geriatrik terhadap informed consent (p=0,00). Sejumlah 16 pasien geriatri dengan kognitif yang normal memiliki pemahaman yang baik. Pada pasien dengan probable gangguan kognitif didapatkan 10 pasien memiliki pemahaman yang baik, 12 pasien memiliki pemahaman sedang, dan 2 pasien memiliki pemahaman buruk.

Analysis of Data that is in the Form of Categories Part II: Beyond the 2*2 Contingency Table—Partitioning Chi-Square Tests

2000 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robertino Mera ◽  
Hilary W. Thompson ◽  
Chandan Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Contingency Table ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Tests
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