In order to study the loss of root stones under action of water flow in dam buttress, based on Flow-3D, a mathematical model was established. At first, the physical experiment was carried out about water drag force on a 0.04 m×0.04 m×0.04 m cubic block. And then a numerical flume model about this experiment was established in Flow-3D software. The values of drag force were compared between the numerical and experimental results, and the percentage of error was less than 5%. Thus, the numerical model in Flow-3D was accurate and available. Then, a numerical simulation on root stones loss in an actual dam buttress project was carried out. Since the actual flow is turbulent, the RNGk-εturbulence model was used. And VOF method, FAVOR technology, and GMO model were also used in this simulation. The numerical results showed flow depth, pressure, velocity, turbulent energy, and root stones loss. Because water level of the inflow increased with time continuously, flow depth and velocity also increased, and the root stones would be lost. The increase in flow velocity was the fastest in the dam head, and the start time of root stones loss was also the earliest. The most serious area of root stones loss is the dam head, and the serious second area is the upper cross corner. Those root stones would have the farthest lost distance in the dam head. The root stones loss was also serous in the upstream face. However, the root stones in the upstream face and the down cross corner were less affected by water flow, so there were no root stones loss phenomena. Thus, in the actual project, the dam head, the upper cross corner, and the upstream face should get more attention.
A stochastic formulation for the drag force based on multiscale numerical simulation of fluidized beds
