The Expansions of Farming Societies and the Role of the Neolithic Demographic Transition

2008 ◽  
pp. 13-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Bellwood ◽  
Marc Oxenham
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Transition

Demographic Transition, Oil, and Institutions

2020 ◽  
pp. 1522-1553
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Farzanegan
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
Demographic Transition ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Internal Conflict ◽  
Demographic Dividend ◽  
Consumer Prices ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Oil Rents

We examine political and economic drivers of demographic transition and the moderating role of institutions, macroeconomic instability and oil rents dependency in the final effects of increasing working age population on economic development and internal conflict. Using panel data estimations for more than 100 countries from 1984 to 2012 we find that demographic transition may lead to demographic dividend only if the country enjoys good quality of economic and political institutions, a diversified economy and stable consumer prices. Otherwise demographic dividend is not guaranteed. By contrast, we may expect a demographic curse. These results have important policy implications for the case of Iran which is expecting a significant transition in its population age structure since 1990s. Future of Iran is highly dependent on the proper use of potential demographic rent which can turn against the political stability if the wrong policies and institutions are in place and country dependence on oil rents continues as before.

The Economic Consequence of Labor Mobility in China's Regional Development

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ding Lu
Keyword(s):  
Capital Stock ◽  
Demographic Transition ◽  
Labor Mobility ◽  
Labor Movements ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Marginal Returns ◽  
Technology Level ◽  
The Impact

Factor mobility plays an important role in the convergence of regional income levels. This paper examines the role of labor mobility in China's regional economic development in the context of phases of demographic transition and the existence of institutional barriers. Our findings show that the two most important sources of interregional income disparity are per worker capital stock and technology level. The fact that the richest provincial economies are at the later phase of demographic transition provides a major reason for why those economies have accumulated higher per worker capital stock and achieved higher productivity levels. We also discover that regional per capita income levels have not displayed convergence since the mid 1990s. Two observations explain this phenomenon. One observation is that capital and labor movements have played only a limited role in equalizing their marginal returns across regions despite the fact that labor mobility has substantially strengthened this role since 2000. The other observation is that the impact of demographic changes on income growth has been distinctly uneven between the rich and poor regions. This phenomenon can be attributed to some particular features of China's interregional labor migration.

scholarly journals Determinants of Marital Fertility in Pakistan: An Application of the "Synthesis Framework"

1993 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Sabihuddin Buti ◽  
Aroon Jamal
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Transition ◽  
Marital Fertility ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Fertility Control ◽  
Natural Fertility ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Insight Into

The fertility phase of the demographic transition has increasingly been viewed as a movement from high to low levels of fertility, and as a shift from natural fertility to deliberately controlled fertility. In an attempt to gain more insight into this process, the present study, in the context of Pakistan, is based on intensive National Population, Labour Force, and Migration Survey data covering 10,000 households. It aims to focus on the determinants of fertility in Pakistan, specifically the determinants of the adoption of deliberate fertility regulations. The role of socia-economic modernisation and cultural factors in the determination of the potential family size and the adoption of deliberate fertility control through a knowledge of fertility regulations have also been explored. The 'Synthesis Framework' of fertility determination, applied to Sri Lanka and Colombia by Easterlin and Crimmins (1982), and with its recent modifications by Ahmed (1987), is the main vehicle for the study.

The Contrasting Effects of Education on Fertility over Time Casalguidi, 1819–1960

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Matteo Manfredini ◽  
Marco Breschi ◽  
Alessio Fornasin
Keyword(s):  
Birth Control ◽  
Demographic Transition ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Reproductive Behaviors ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Transitional Phase ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Education has been frequently claimed to shape demographic outcomes. Mortality, fertility, and nuptiality have all been attested to be affected to some extent by education attainment. This article investigates the effects of education on fertility over time in a rural Italian community once controlled for potential confounders. Using individual-level data drawn from various sources, the study analyzes the role of education in shaping reproductive behaviors not only during the demographic transition (1890–1960) but also in the pretransitional period (1819–59). The results highlight the contrasting effects of literacy on fertility, which passed from a positive association in the ancien régime to a negative one in the transitional phase. Educated couples were therefore forerunners in the process of fertility decline because they were not only in the position to be the most pressed to control reproduction but also because they were likely aware of reproductive mechanisms, had the knowledge of more effective birth-control methods, had the economic possibility to get them, and had the necessary capacity to use them.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document