The Economic Consequence of Labor Mobility in China's Regional Development

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ding Lu
Keyword(s):  
Capital Stock ◽  
Demographic Transition ◽  
Labor Mobility ◽  
Labor Movements ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Marginal Returns ◽  
Technology Level ◽  
The Impact

Factor mobility plays an important role in the convergence of regional income levels. This paper examines the role of labor mobility in China's regional economic development in the context of phases of demographic transition and the existence of institutional barriers. Our findings show that the two most important sources of interregional income disparity are per worker capital stock and technology level. The fact that the richest provincial economies are at the later phase of demographic transition provides a major reason for why those economies have accumulated higher per worker capital stock and achieved higher productivity levels. We also discover that regional per capita income levels have not displayed convergence since the mid 1990s. Two observations explain this phenomenon. One observation is that capital and labor movements have played only a limited role in equalizing their marginal returns across regions despite the fact that labor mobility has substantially strengthened this role since 2000. The other observation is that the impact of demographic changes on income growth has been distinctly uneven between the rich and poor regions. This phenomenon can be attributed to some particular features of China's interregional labor migration.

scholarly journals Evaluating the role of contracting and expanding rainforest in initiating cycles of speciation across the Isthmus of Panama

2012 ◽  
Vol 279 (1742) ◽  
pp. 3520-3526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Tilston Smith ◽  
Amei Amei ◽  
John Klicka
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Isthmus Of Panama ◽  
Species Pairs ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
High Species Richness ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
The Impact

Climatic and geological changes across time are presumed to have shaped the rich biodiversity of tropical regions. However, the impact climatic drying and subsequent tropical rainforest contraction had on speciation has been controversial because of inconsistent palaeoecological and genetic data. Despite the strong interest in examining the role of climatic change on speciation in the Neotropics there has been few comparative studies, particularly, those that include non-rainforest taxa. We used bird species that inhabit humid or dry habitats that dispersed across the Panamanian Isthmus to characterize temporal and spatial patterns of speciation across this barrier. Here, we show that these two assemblages of birds exhibit temporally different speciation time patterns that supports multiple cycles of speciation. Evidence for these cycles is further corroborated by the finding that both assemblages consist of ‘young’ and ‘old’ species, despite dry habitat species pairs being geographically more distant than pairs of humid habitat species. The matrix of humid and dry habitats in the tropics not only allows for the maintenance of high species richness, but additionally this study suggests that these environments may have promoted speciation. We conclude that differentially expanding and contracting distributions of dry and humid habitats was probably an important contributor to speciation in the tropics.

The rapid growth of Egypt’s agricultural output, 1890–1914, as an early example of the green revolutions of modern South Asia: some implications for the writing of global history

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Owen
Keyword(s):  
Green Revolution ◽  
Global History ◽  
British India ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

The article uses comparative Indian material from British India and later, the Pakistani Punjab to ask new questions of the standard accounts of Egypt’s post-1890 cotton boom. It also argues for the particular relevance of the rich Punjabi green revolution data to the Egyptian case, and more generally, for the rewards to be obtained from an academic dialog between selected aspects of late nineteenth and of late twentieth century globalization. Topics analyzed include the impact of the various agricultural revolutions on social and regional inequalities, the issue of sustainability, the role of experts and the impact on health of long-term environmental degradation.

scholarly journals Are ICTs Prerequisites for the Eradication of Poverty?

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 283-294
Author(s):  
H P P Lötter
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

I provide a philosophical analysis of the claim that ICTs are necessary preconditions for the eradication of poverty. What are the links between information and communication technologies (ICTs) and poverty? I first define technology and then give a brief depiction of ICTs. Thereafter I define poverty and give a brief expla-nation of its context and causes. Next I discuss the relationship between poverty and ICTs in three paradigm cases: [i] the role of ICTs in poor societies, [ii] the effect of poor ICT knowledge and skill of individuals in highly developed technological societies, and [iii] the impact of impoverished ICT knowledge and skills on the rich, powerful, and intelligent ones in society. I propose a procedure for decision making about the appropria-tion of ICTs by individuals and societies. I assess the claim that both access to ICTs and effective use of them are preconditions for the eradication of poverty.

The Social Economy and Role of Government in South Africa

2019 ◽  
pp. 943-955
Author(s):  
O. E. Okeke-Uzodike ◽  
Mogie Subban
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Social Economy ◽  
The South ◽  
Global Recession ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Impact

Social economy, as a relatively new concept, is considered the ‘third sector' of the economy in government discourse. It plays significant roles in socio-economic and political spheres of any nation. Emphasis on social economy has been as a result of the global recession which caused economic depression in several countries all over the world. In South Africa, the impact of the economic recession has reflected mostly in increased unemployment and poverty levels resulting in maximization of discrepancies between the rich and poor with inequalities, creating disenabling environments for foreign investments. These social problems have called for an examination of the role of the social economy in liberating the South African economy from its current dire state. This chapter on tracing the developmental agenda of the South African government, will examine how the social economy has fed into the National Development Plan and the impact of implementation of government policies and regulatory frameworks to ensure achievement of various national imperatives aligned to the Millennium Development Goals in the context of the social economy. The authors state that whilst there is a growing trend towards the social economy in the current context of government, multi-faceted effects of poverty needs to be targeted through robust entrepreneurial opportunities for growth and development of the economy.

The Social Economy and Role of Government in South Africa

2016 ◽  
pp. 227-239
Author(s):  
O. E. Okeke-Uzodike ◽  
Mogie Subban
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Social Economy ◽  
The South ◽  
Global Recession ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Impact

Social economy, as a relatively new concept, is considered the ‘third sector' of the economy in government discourse. It plays significant roles in socio-economic and political spheres of any nation. Emphasis on social economy has been as a result of the global recession which caused economic depression in several countries all over the world. In South Africa, the impact of the economic recession has reflected mostly in increased unemployment and poverty levels resulting in maximization of discrepancies between the rich and poor with inequalities, creating disenabling environments for foreign investments. These social problems have called for an examination of the role of the social economy in liberating the South African economy from its current dire state. This chapter on tracing the developmental agenda of the South African government, will examine how the social economy has fed into the National Development Plan and the impact of implementation of government policies and regulatory frameworks to ensure achievement of various national imperatives aligned to the Millennium Development Goals in the context of the social economy. The authors state that whilst there is a growing trend towards the social economy in the current context of government, multi-faceted effects of poverty needs to be targeted through robust entrepreneurial opportunities for growth and development of the economy.

Guns and Violence: Weapon Instrumentality in New Orleans Homicide, 1920–1945

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-208
Author(s):  
Jeffrey S. Adler
Keyword(s):  
New Orleans ◽  
Gun Violence ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Homicide Rates ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
Case Files ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Homicide Case

Criminologists, sociologists, and public-health scholars have devoted enormous attention to the role of firearms in violence, particularly regarding American homicide rates, but historians have been less inclined to examine the impact of firearms, especially their availability, on changing patterns of violence. Instead, legal and criminal-justice historians have emphasized the ways in which institutional, cultural, political, and social changes have fueled shifts in levels of murder. An analysis of the rich homicide case files and newspaper accounts of gun violence in early twentieth-century New Orleans, however, confirms the theory of “weapon instrumentality”—that homicide rates tend to soar whenever and wherever firearms abound and to decrease when guns are in shorter supply.

24. Exploring the Changing Demographics of the Corporate Spouse

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Weatherhead
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Gender Ideology ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Cultural Image ◽  
Supportive Role ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Changing Demographics ◽  
The Impact

This research explores the historic perspectives of corporate spouses, current gender ideology, and draws on the Canadian Labour Force Survey to explore the changing demographics of corporate spouses. Through time, the cultural image of a corporate spouse has remained fairly constant, with women acting in a supportive role as their husbands, the heads of the household and primary sources of income, go off to work. The impact of corporate spouses on an organization has long been recognized, but the role of the corporate spouse has changed with a broadened definition and expanding impact. Corporate spouses today include men and women, they include people who work outside the home and those who stay home, they include people with children and those without, and they include couples with a broad spectrum of income levels. The impact corporate spouses have on organizations are still substantial and they can be both positive and negative, reflecting the realities of the modern day workplace and relationships. The current work serves as a starting point for research leading to a better understanding of the role of corporate spouses, reflecting current organizational and societal realities.

scholarly journals A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF COOPERATIVES ON ECONOMICAL DEVELOPMENT

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 238-243
Author(s):  
Geeta Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Business Organization ◽  
Unique Form ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Community Values ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Impact

The idea of cooperation is not new to man. It is as old as man himself. Cooperatives are an almost universal form of organization today found in practically all countries and used by people in many ways. A Co-operative is a unique form of business used by people and businesses for their mutual benefit. Cooperatives are community-based, rooted in democracy, flexible, and have participatory involvement, which makes them well suited for economic development The meaning of cooperation is that isolated   and powerless individuals can, by combining with one another, achieve advantages available to the rich and the powerful so that they may advance not only materially but also morally. In other words a cooperative is a business organization that is owned by those who use its services, the control of which rests equally with all the members. It is voluntary and democratic and the moral element is as important as the material one. Furthermore, it recognizes social, educational, and community values. An economy based on one form of business organization alone is neither desirable nor possible in modern times. To justify their existence and fulfil their purpose, cooperatives must make a significant and unique contribution to solving some of the massive problems facing mankind today. This paper examines the role of cooperative societies in economic development. The aim is to investigate the ways in which cooperatives can act as agents towards economic development.

scholarly journals Forestry Sector Impact on the Economy of Central Java, Indonesia

JEJAK ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-189
Author(s):  
Firmansyah Firmansyah ◽  
Akhmad Syakir Kurnia ◽  
Shanty Oktavilia ◽  
Ryan Prayogi
Keyword(s):  
Input Output ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Input Output Analysis ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Forestry Sector ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Backward And Forward Linkages

In 2016, the forestry sector produced a Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) of Rp. 3.8 trillion or around 0.45% of the total GRDP of the province of Central Java, Indonesia (BPS Central Java, 2017). The Forestry Sector growth has increased, but the role of the sector shows a downward trend in GRDP. By employing the Input-Output analysis, this study intends to identify the structure of the Central Java forestry sector, through backward and forward linkages and mapping the path of the impact of the forestry sector's economic activities through simulations, toward the economy and sectoral income levels in Central Java. This study finds that the forestry sector is intermediate ouput that is used by other sectors to become their production inputs, so this sector has a good multiplier for the economy.

scholarly journals Low Savings Rates in the Economic Community of West African States (Ecowas): The Role of the Political Instability-Income Interaction

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurudeen Abu ◽  
Mohd Zaini Abd Karim ◽  
Mukhriz Izraf Azman Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Political Instability ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
West African ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This paper employs PCSE, OLS and TSLS with random effects to investigate the impact of the political instabilityincome interaction on savings in ECOWAS countries during the period 1996-2012. The empirical evidence illustrates that higher political stability is associated with higher savings and income levels moderate the adverse effect of political instability on savings, indicating that the impact of political instability on savings is higher in low income ECOWAS countries, but lesser at higher levels of income. The paper recommends the promotion of political stability via increases in incomes to raise savings in the ECOWAS region.

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