Seasonal Changes in Transpiration and Soil Water Content in a Spruce Primeval Forest During a Dry Period

2009 ◽  
pp. 197-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Matejka ◽  
K. Střelcová ◽  
T. Hurtalová ◽  
E. Gömöryová ◽  
L’. Ditmarová
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Primeval Forest

scholarly journals Light inhibition of foliar respiration in response to soil water availability and seasonal changes in temperature in Mediterranean holm oak (Quercus ilex) forest

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 1178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew H. Turnbull ◽  
Romà Ogaya ◽  
Adrià Barbeta ◽  
Josep Peñuelas ◽  
Joana Zaragoza-Castells ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Quercus Ilex ◽  
Central Spain ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Light Inhibition

In the present study we investigated variations in leaf respiration in darkness (RD) and light (RL), and associated traits in response to season, and along a gradient of soil moisture, in Mediterranean woodland dominated by holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) in central and north-eastern Spain respectively. On seven occasions during the year in the central Spain site, and along the soil moisture gradient in north-eastern Spain, we measured rates of leaf RD, RL (using the Kok method), light-saturated photosynthesis (A) and related light response characteristics, leaf mass per unit area (MA) and leaf nitrogen (N) content. At the central Spain site, significant seasonal changes in soil water content and ambient temperature (T) were associated with changes in MA, foliar N, A and stomatal conductance. RD measured at the prevailing daily T and in instantaneous R–T responses, displayed signs of partial acclimation and was not significantly affected by time of year. RL was always less than, and strongly related to, RD, and RL/RD did not vary significantly or systematically with seasonal changes in T or soil water content. Averaged over the year, RL/RD was 0.66 ± 0.05 s.e. (n = 14) at the central Spain site. At the north-eastern Spain site, the soil moisture gradient was characterised by increasing MA and RD, and reduced foliar N, A, and stomatal conductance as soil water availability decreased. Light inhibition of R occurred across all sites (mean RL/RD = 0.69 ± 0.01 s.e. (n = 18)), resulting in ratios of RL/A being lower than for RD/A. Importantly, the degree of light inhibition was largely insensitive to changes in soil water content. Our findings provide evidence for a relatively constrained degree of light inhibition of R (RL/RD ~ 0.7, or inhibition of ~30%) across gradients of water availability, although the combined impacts of seasonal changes in both T and soil water content increase the range of values expressed. The findings thus have implications in terms of the assumptions made by predictive models that seek to account for light inhibition of R, and for our understanding of how environmental gradients impact on leaf trait relationships in Mediterranean plant communities.

scholarly journals CONTEÚDO DE ÁGUA NO SOLO EM CULTIVO DE MILHO SEM E COM COBERTURA MORTA NA ENTRELINHA NA REGIÃO DE ARAPIRACA-AL

Irriga ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Bastos Lyra ◽  
José Leonaldo de Souza ◽  
Iedo Teodoro ◽  
Guilherme Bastos Lyra ◽  
Gilson Moura Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Straw Mulching ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Grain Filling Period

Avaliou-se a variação do conteúdo de água no solo em diferentes fases de desenvolvimento do milho cultivado sem (Tradicional) e com cobertura morta (Capim) na entrelinha. Observações agrometeorológicas e da cultura foram realizadas na região de Arapiraca, AL (09º38'35" S; 36º40'15" W; 260 m) entre julho e outubro de 2005, na transição do período úmido e seco. Consideraram-se nas análises as seguintes fases de desenvolvimento do milho: inicial (20 d), crescimento (35 d), intermediária (40 d) e final (30 d). A umidade volumétrica do solo foi estimada pelo modelo de van Genutchen em função de medidas do potencial matricial de água no solo. Medidas do potencial foram obtidas por tensiômetros automáticos instalados a 0,15 m de profundidade. O sistema com cobertura morta manteve conteúdo de água no solo superior ao sistema Tradicional em 65,8 % dos dias (75 dias) do ciclo. Contudo, o conteúdo de água no sistema Tradicional sobressaiu-se ao com cobertura morta na maior parte do período de enchimento de grãos (80 %), o que resultou numa maior produtividade de grãos no Tradicional. Na transição entre o período chuvoso e seco da região não é recomendado o uso da cobertura morta na entrelinha durante todo o ciclo do milho, principalmente se o período de enchimento de grãos coincidir com o período seco. Para eventos de chuva de moderado a forte (> 7 mm d-1) a cobertura morta aumenta a capacidade de infiltração da água no solo. Porém, para eventos fracos, a água fica armazenada na cobertura, sendo perdida diretamente para a atmosfera.   UNITERMOS: cobertura morta, movimento de água no solo, semi-árido, Zea mays.     LYRA, G.B.; SOUZA, J.L.; TEODORO, I.; LYRA, G.B.; MOURA FILHO, G.; FERREIRA JÚNIOR, R. A. SOIL WATER CONTENT IN MAIZE CROP WITH AND WITHOUT STRAW MULCHING IN ARAPIRACA  REGION, ALAGOAS, BRAZIL     2 ABSTRACT   The soil water content in different crop development stages of maize cultivated with straw mulching and in traditional system, i.e., bare soil rows, was evaluated. Agro meteorology and crop fields observations were carried out in the Arapiraca region (09º38'35" S; 36º40'15" W; 260 m), state of Alagoas, Brazil, from July through October, 2005, in the transition between humid and dry periods. The following stages of maize development and their lengths (days) were considered: initial (20), crop development (35), mid-season (40) and late (30). The soil moisture was estimated from van Genutchen`s model in function of soil water potential. Potential measurements were obtained from automatic tensiometers, installed at the depth of 0.15 m The soil water content in the mulching system was higher than in the traditional one  in 65.8 % of the cycle (75 days). However, the soil water was higher in the traditional system in the grain filling period (80 % of days); this resulted in higher  grain yield in the traditional system. The use of mulching is not advisable during all maize development cycle in the transition between humid to dry period in that region, mainly if the grain filling period is in the dry period. For moderate to heavy rainfall events (> 7 mm d-1), the infiltration capacity is incremented by mulching. However, for weak events, the rainfall water is stored in mulching and is directly lost to the atmosphere.   KEYWORDS: straw mulching, soil water movement, semi-arid, Zea mays  

scholarly journals Impacts of extreme precipitation and seasonal changes in precipitation on plants

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 16645-16673 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. B. Zeppel ◽  
J. Wilks ◽  
J. D. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Net Primary Productivity ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Aboveground Net Primary Productivity ◽  
Available Water ◽  
Plant Available Water

Abstract. The hydrological cycle is predicted to become more intense in future climates, with both larger precipitation events and longer times between events. Redistribution of precipitation may occur both within and across seasons, and the resulting wide fluctuations in soil water content may dramatically affect plants. Though these responses remain poorly understood, recent research in this emerging field suggests the effects of redistributed precipitation may differ from predictions based on previous drought studies. We review available studies on both extreme precipitation (redistribution within seasons) and seasonal changes in precipitation (redistribution across seasons) on grasslands and forests. Extreme precipitation differentially affected Aboveground Net Primary Productivity (ANPP), depending on whether extreme precipitation led to increased or decreased soil water content (SWC), which differed based on the current precipitation at the site. Specifically, studies to date reported that extreme precipitation decreased ANPP in mesic sites, but, conversely, increased ANPP in xeric sites, suggesting that plant available water is a key factor driving responses to extreme precipitation. Similarly, the effects of seasonal changes in precipitation on ANPP, phenology, and leaf and fruit development varied with the effect on SWC. Reductions in spring or summer generally had negative effects on plants, associated with reduced SWC, while subsequent reductions in autumn or winter had little effect on SWC or plants. Similarly, increased summer precipitation had a more dramatic impact on plants than winter increases in precipitation. The patterns of response suggest xeric biomes may respond positively to extreme precipitation, while comparatively mesic biomes may be more likely to be negatively affected. And, seasonal changes in precipitation during warm or dry seasons may have larger effects than changes during cool or wet seasons. Accordingly, responses to redistributed precipitation will involve a complex interplay between plant available water, plant functional type, soil type and resultant influences on plant phenology, growth and water relations. These results highlight the need for experiments across a range of plant functional types, critical for predicting future vegetation responses to future climates.

Impact of direct drilling and conventional tillage on seasonal changes of soil water content in Chromic Haploxerert (south-west Spain)

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iván García Tejero ◽  
Víctor Hugo Durán Zuazo ◽  
Juan Antonio Jiménez Bocanegra ◽  
Francisco Perea Torres ◽  
José Luis Muriel Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
South West ◽  
Direct Drilling

SOIL WATER CONTENT AFFECTS THE AVAILABILITY OF PHOSPHATE

1985 ◽  
pp. 185-189
Author(s):  
M.C.H.Mouat Pieter Nes
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Equivalent Reduction

Reduction in water content of a soil increased the concentration of ammonium and nitrate in solution, but had no effect on the concentration of phosphate. The corresponding reduction in the quantity of phosphate in solution caused an equivalent reduction in the response of ryegrass to applied phosphate. Keywords: soil solution, soil water content, phosphate, ryegrass, nutrition.

Effect of inter-row cultivation on soil carbon dioxide emission in a peach plantation

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Tóth ◽  
Cs. Farkas
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Favourable Effect ◽  
Volumetric Soil Water Content

Soil biological properties and CO2emission were compared in undisturbed grass and regularly disked rows of a peach plantation. Higher nutrient content and biological activity were found in the undisturbed, grass-covered rows. Significantly higher CO2fluxes were measured in this treatment at almost all the measurement times, in all the soil water content ranges, except the one in which the volumetric soil water content was higher than 45%. The obtained results indicated that in addition to the favourable effect of soil tillage on soil aeration, regular soil disturbance reduces soil microbial activity and soil CO2emission.

Evaluation of a Multi-Rod Probe Performance for Accurate Measurements of Soil Water Content

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Szerement ◽  
Aleksandra Woszczyk ◽  
Agnieszka Szyplowska ◽  
Marcin Kafarski ◽  
Arkadiusz Lewandowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content

Effects of soil water content and temperature on Bt protein degradation in leaves at thinning stage and buds of Bt cotton

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-307
Author(s):  
Meijun ZHANG ◽  
Wude YANG ◽  
Meichen FENG ◽  
Yun DUAN ◽  
Mingming TANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Degradation ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Bt Cotton ◽  
Bt Protein
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document