New Insights on the Mode of Action of Fungal Pathogens of Invertebrates for Improving Their Biocontrol Performance

2011 ◽  
pp. 203-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose G. Maciá-Vicente ◽  
Javier Palma-Guerrero ◽  
Sonia Gómez-Vidal ◽  
Luis V. Lopez-Llorca
Keyword(s):  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Fungal Pathogens

scholarly journals A marine microbiome antifungal targets urgent-threat drug-resistant fungi

Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 370 (6519) ◽  
pp. 974-978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Miao Zhao ◽  
Doug R. Braun ◽  
Spencer S. Ericksen ◽  
Jeff S. Piotrowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Candida Auris ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant

New antifungal drugs are urgently needed to address the emergence and transcontinental spread of fungal infectious diseases, such as pandrug-resistant Candida auris. Leveraging the microbiomes of marine animals and cutting-edge metabolomics and genomic tools, we identified encouraging lead antifungal molecules with in vivo efficacy. The most promising lead, turbinmicin, displays potent in vitro and mouse-model efficacy toward multiple-drug–resistant fungal pathogens, exhibits a wide safety index, and functions through a fungal-specific mode of action, targeting Sec14 of the vesicular trafficking pathway. The efficacy, safety, and mode of action distinct from other antifungal drugs make turbinmicin a highly promising antifungal drug lead to help address devastating global fungal pathogens such as C. auris.

scholarly journals Phytotoxic Terpenes Produced by Phytopathogenic Fungi and Allelopathic Plants

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1400900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessio Cimmino ◽  
Anna Andolfi ◽  
Antonio Evidente
Keyword(s):  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Potential Application ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Biological Characterization ◽  
Anticancer Compounds ◽  
Structure Activity Relationships ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Forest Plants

This review is about the isolation as well as chemical and biological characterization of simple and complex mono-, sesqui-, di-, sester- and tri-terpenes produced by fungal pathogens of agrarian and forest plants and by some allelopathic plants. In several cases, the structure activity relationships are also discussed, as well as their potential application in agriculture as natural safe herbicides, fungicides and bactericides. Furthermore, the potential application of some fungal terpenes as anticancer compounds with a new mode of action is also discussed.

Mode of action of metabolites fromBacillussp. strain IBA 33 onGeotrichum citri-aurantiiarthroconidia

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
pp. 876-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Antonieta Gordillo ◽  
Antonio R. Navarro ◽  
María Cristina Maldonado
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Membrane Permeabilization ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Antifungal Metabolites ◽  
Cellular Components

Geotrichum citri-aurantii is a postharvest phytopathogenic fungus of lemons. We studied the mode of action of antifungal metabolites from Bacillus sp. strain IBA 33 on arthroconidia of G. citri-aurantii. These metabolites are lipopeptides belonging to the iturin family. Membrane permeabilization of G. citri-aurantii was analyzed and mitochondrial respiratory rate was evaluated. Disturbance of the plasma membrane promotes the leakage of many cellular components into the surrounding media, and mitochondrial membrane disorganization promotes the inhibition of the respiratory rate. Our findings provide insights into the ability of lipopeptides to suppress plant fungal pathogens and their possible agronomical applications.

scholarly journals A Review of Current Knowledge of Resistance Aspects for the Next-Generation Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitor Fungicides

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (9) ◽  
pp. 880-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helge Sierotzki ◽  
Gabriel Scalliet
Keyword(s):  
Succinate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Docking Simulations ◽  
Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitor

The new broad-spectrum fungicides from the succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) class have been quickly adopted by the market, which may lead to a high selection pressure on various pathogens. Cases of resistance have been observed in 14 fungal pathogens to date and are caused by different mutations in genes encoding the molecular target of SDHIs, which is the mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) enzyme. All of the 17 marketed SDHI fungicides bind to the same ubiquinone binding site of the SDH enzyme. Their primary biochemical mode of action is the blockage of the TCA cycle at the level of succinate to fumarate oxidation, leading to an inhibition of respiration. Homology models and docking simulations explain binding behaviors and some peculiarities of the cross-resistance profiles displayed by different members of this class of fungicides. Furthermore, cross-resistance patterns among SDHIs is complex because many mutations confer full cross resistance while others do not. The nature of the mutations found in pathogen populations varies with species and the selection compound used but cross resistance between all SDHIs has to be assumed at the population level. In most of the cases where resistance has been reported, the frequency is still too low to impact field performance. However, the Fungicide Resistance Action Committee has developed resistance management recommendations for pathogens of different crops in order to reduce the risk for resistance development to this class of fungicides. These recommendations include preventative usage, mixture with partner fungicides active against the current pathogen population, alternation in the mode of action of products used in a spray program, and limitations in the total number of applications per season or per crop.

Effects of 5-5'-Diphenyl-2-thiohydantoin (DPTH) and Thyroxine on the Ultrastructure and Chemical Composition of Rat Liver

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 570-571
Author(s):  
E. A. Elfont ◽  
R. B. Tobin ◽  
D. G. Colton ◽  
M. A. Mehlman
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Future Study ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Rat Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Effective Inhibitor ◽  
Biochemical Effects ◽  
Glycerophosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Stimulation Of

Summary5,-5'-diphenyl-2-thiohydantoin (DPTH) is an effective inhibitor of thyroxine (T4) stimulation of α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase in rat liver mitochondria. Because this finding indicated a possible tool for future study of the mode of action of thyroxine, the ultrastructural and biochemical effects of DPTH and/or thyroxine on rat liver mere investigated.Rats were fed either standard or DPTH (0.06%) diet for 30 days before T4 (250 ug/kg/day) was injected. Injection of T4 occurred daily for 10 days prior to sacrifice. After removal of the liver and kidneys, part of the tissue was frozen at -50°C for later biocheailcal analyses, while the rest was prefixed in buffered 3.5X glutaraldehyde (390 mOs) and post-fixed in buffered 1Z OsO4 (376 mOs). Tissues were embedded in Araldlte 502 and the sections examined in a Zeiss EM 9S.Hepatocytes from hyperthyroid rats (Fig. 2) demonstrated enlarged and more numerous mitochondria than those of controls (Fig. 1). Glycogen was almost totally absent from the cytoplasm of the T4-treated rats.

Mode of action of calcimycin (A 23187) — II — A study of its interactions ith alkali and alkali-earth cations in methanol-water mixtures

1985 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 899-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Tissier ◽  
J. Juillard ◽  
D.W. Boyd ◽  
A.M. Albrecht-Gary
Keyword(s):  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Alkali Earth ◽  
A 23187

Antibiotic mode of action profiling (Biomap) as a platform for the discovery of novel natural product antibiotics

Planta Medica ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
W Ruh Wong ◽  
AG Oliver ◽  
RG Linington
Keyword(s):  
Natural Product ◽  
Mode Of Action

Mode of action of 6-oxophenolic triterpenoids against Bacillus subtilis

Planta Medica ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (09) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Moujir ◽  
L de León ◽  
IL Bazzocchi
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Mode Of Action

SOOTY MOULD DISEASES OF SOME TREES FROM AURANGABAD DISTRICT, MAHARASHTRA (INDIA)

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
NAVALSINGH J. TODAWAT
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
Sooty Mould ◽  
Leaf Surface Area

Sooty mould diseases of Tress from Aurangabad district were surveyed. During the survey of tress, 5 species were found infected by fungal pathogens causing sooty mould diseases. Disease is easily identifiable by the presence of a black, velvety growth covering the leaf surface area. The fungus produces mycelium which is superficial and dark grows on the flowers, leaf, stem and sometime on fruits also. The severity of disease depends on the honeydew secretions by insects. The diseases were found to be caused by 5 species of fungi viz. Capnodium anonae, C. ramosum, Capnodium sp., Meliola bangalorensis and Meliola ranganthii.

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