Ground Plan of the Nervous System I

2000 ◽  
pp. 3-23
Author(s):  
Oswald Steward
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Ground Plan

Aberrant Nerve Fibres in Human Development

Development ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-129
Author(s):  
J. D. Boyd ◽  
A. F. W. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Nerve Fibre ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Developmental Studies ◽  
Nerve Fibres ◽  
Ground Plan ◽  
Technical Developments ◽  
Previous Decade ◽  
Ramón Y Cajal

In the early years of this century debate concerning the development of nerve fibres became more intense. During the previous decade, following the developmental studies of His (1883, 1886) and the early embryological studies of Ramon y Cajal (1890), the neurone theory as proclaimed by Waldeyer in 1891 seemed assured of victory; but when, with Apáthy and Bethe, new technical developments diverted attention from the whole neurone to its apparent constituents, the neurofibrillae, the simple concept of the outgrowth of the nerve fibre became enmeshed in complexity. Methods for their impregnation with silver were soon elaborated (Bielschowsky, 1904; Ramon y Cajal, 1903), and Held (1907) affirmed that a network of neurofibrillae preceded the appearance of the definitive nerve process. This claim became associated with the much older views of Hensen (1864, 1876) that protoplasmic strands were the forerunners of the nerve fibres and constituted a ground plan for the later development of the peripheral nervous system.

Ground Plan of the Nervous System II

2000 ◽  
pp. 25-49
Author(s):  
Oswald Steward
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Ground Plan

scholarly journals Neuron hemilineages provide the functional ground plan for the Drosophila ventral nervous system

eLife ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin M Harris ◽  
Barret D Pfeiffer ◽  
Gerald M Rubin ◽  
James W Truman
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Complex Behavior ◽  
Local Networks ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Sensorimotor Processing ◽  
Ground Plan ◽  
Central Neurons ◽  
Higher Order Functions ◽  
Leg Movements

Drosophila central neurons arise from neuroblasts that generate neurons in a pair-wise fashion, with the two daughters providing the basis for distinct A and B hemilineage groups. 33 postembryonically-born hemilineages contribute over 90% of the neurons in each thoracic hemisegment. We devised genetic approaches to define the anatomy of most of these hemilineages and to assessed their functional roles using the heat-sensitive channel dTRPA1. The simplest hemilineages contained local interneurons and their activation caused tonic or phasic leg movements lacking interlimb coordination. The next level was hemilineages of similar projection cells that drove intersegmentally coordinated behaviors such as walking. The highest level involved hemilineages whose activation elicited complex behaviors such as takeoff. These activation phenotypes indicate that the hemilineages vary in their behavioral roles with some contributing to local networks for sensorimotor processing and others having higher order functions of coordinating these local networks into complex behavior.

scholarly journals Author response: Neuron hemilineages provide the functional ground plan for the Drosophila ventral nervous system

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin M Harris ◽  
Barret D Pfeiffer ◽  
Gerald M Rubin ◽  
James W Truman
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Author Response ◽  
Ground Plan

Neurotropic enteroviruses co-opt “fair-weather-friend” commensal gut microbiota to drive host infection and central nervous system disturbances

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin B. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Infection Cycle ◽  
Fair Weather ◽  
Host Health ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Animal Hosts ◽  
Host Infection ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Conditions

Abstract Some neurotropic enteroviruses hijack Trojan horse/raft commensal gut bacteria to render devastating biomimicking cryptic attacks on human/animal hosts. Such virus-microbe interactions manipulate hosts’ gut-brain axes with accompanying infection-cycle-optimizing central nervous system (CNS) disturbances, including severe neurodevelopmental, neuromotor, and neuropsychiatric conditions. Co-opted bacteria thus indirectly influence host health, development, behavior, and mind as possible “fair-weather-friend” symbionts, switching from commensal to context-dependent pathogen-like strategies benefiting gut-bacteria fitness.

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