Couple Decision Making: Individual- and Dyadic-Level Analysis

1989 ◽  
pp. 81-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Jaccard ◽  
David Brinberg ◽  
Patricia Dittus
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Level Analysis

Accessibility in Everyday Planning

2019 ◽  
pp. 47-70
Author(s):  
Jonathan Levine ◽  
Joe Grengs ◽  
Louis A. Merlin
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Regional Analysis ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Empirical Application ◽  
Transportation Projects ◽  
Individual Decisions ◽  
Measurement Approach ◽  
Level Analysis ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Project Level

This chapter examines different methods to support accessibility-based analysis for both land-development and transportation projects to help forge a closer link between accessibility analysis and applied decision making in planning. Accessibility metrics vary in their measurement approach, purposes, and levels of complexity. Accessibility is normally reported in the form of a score or index to describe the ease of reaching destinations from a place, which allows analysts to compare accessibility from one place to another, or track changes in accessibility over time. The chapter then considers the foundational concepts of accessibility measurement and representation. It also demonstrates empirical application at the project level. Moving accessibility-based evaluation from the regional scenario to the project level involves more than applying regional tools to individual decisions, because project-level analysis is inherently different from a regional analysis.

Placement decisions and disparities among aboriginal groups: An application of the decision making ecology through multi-level analysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Fluke ◽  
Martin Chabot ◽  
Barbara Fallon ◽  
Bruce MacLaurin ◽  
Cindy Blackstock
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Placement Decisions ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Aboriginal Groups ◽  
Level Analysis

scholarly journals Choice ball: a response interface for two-choice psychometric discrimination in head-fixed mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 108 (12) ◽  
pp. 3416-3423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua I. Sanders ◽  
Adam Kepecs
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Motor Control ◽  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Neural Circuits ◽  
Model System ◽  
Response Device ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
And Control ◽  
Level Analysis

The mouse is an important model system for investigating the neural circuits mediating behavior. Because of advances in imaging and optogenetic methods, head-fixed mouse preparations provide an unparalleled opportunity to observe and control neural circuits. To investigate how neural circuits produce behavior, these methods need to be paired with equally well-controlled and monitored behavioral paradigms. Here, we introduce the choice ball, a response device that enables two-alternative forced-choice (2AFC) tasks in head-fixed mice based on the readout of lateral paw movements. We demonstrate the advantages of the choice ball by training mice in the random-click task, a two-choice auditory discrimination behavior. For each trial, mice listened to binaural streams of Poisson-distributed clicks and were required to roll the choice ball laterally toward the side with the greater click rate. In this assay, mice performed hundreds of trials per session with accuracy ranging from 95% for easy stimuli (large interaural click-rate contrast) to near chance level for low-contrast stimuli. We also show, using the record of individual paw strokes, that mice often reverse decisions they have already initiated and that decision reversals correlate with improved performance. The choice ball enables head-fixed 2AFC paradigms, facilitating the circuit-level analysis of sensory processing, decision making, and motor control in mice.

If you can beat them, confront them: Party-level analysis of opposition behavior in European national parliaments

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Or Tuttnauer
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Considerable Influence ◽  
National Parliaments ◽  
Open Structure ◽  
Opposition Party ◽  
Systemic Level ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
The Government ◽  
Level Analysis ◽  
Opposition Parties

This article explains the variation in opposition behavior by investigating parliamentary voting of opposition parties across 16 European national parliaments. It finds that features of an opposition party that increase its likelihood of winning office in future elections—its size and experience in government—increase the party’s tendency toward confrontation with the government, as do features that increase the party’s need to differentiate itself from the government. At the systemic level, features that increase the attractiveness of cooperation—such as an open structure of competition and considerable influence of the opposition on parliamentary decision-making—decrease tendencies toward confrontation. Together, party-specific and systemic features explain two-thirds of the observed variation in the behavior of opposition parties, even without controlling for vote-specific factors.

Multidisciplinary Decision Making Methods in an Information Driven Product Development Framework

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angran Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Product Development ◽  
Product Information ◽  
Information Model ◽  
Collaborative Decision Making ◽  
Product Information Model ◽  
Development Framework ◽  
Analysis Models ◽  
Collaborative Decision ◽  
Level Analysis

New paradigms and accompanying software systems are necessary to support the integration of system level design and discipline level analysis activities for the implementation of product lifecycle management. An information driven product development framework has been developed to integrate these activities using product information model to represents the associativities among design requirements, product models and design parameters. In this paper, product information model is used to not only integrate all the activities and software packages, but also enable formulating and solving design problems using appropriate solution methods. Two engineering examples are solved using three different methods, Genetic Algorithm, Game Based Decision Making method, and Collaborative Decision Making method. The three methods are compared by the numbers of calls to discipline level analysis models. It was shown that collaborative decision making method is capable of finding satisfying solutions with the least number of calls to the computing expensive analysis models.

How much variation in clinical activity is there between general practitioners? A multi-level analysis of decision-making in primary care

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 202-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Davis ◽  
Barry Gribben ◽  
Roy Lay-Yee ◽  
Alastair Scott
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Office Visit ◽  
Clinical Activity ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Components Of Variance ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Level Analysis

Objectives: There is considerable policy interest in medical practice variation (MPV). Although the extent of MPV has been quantified for secondary care, this has not been investigated adequately in general practice. Technical obstacles to such analyses have been presented by the reliance on ecological small area variation (SAV) data, the binary nature of many clinical outcomes in primary care and by diagnostic variability. The study seeks to quantify the extent of variation in clinical activity between general practitioners by addressing these problems. Methods: A survey of nearly 10 000 encounters drawn from a representative sample of general practitioners in the Waikato region of New Zealand was carried out in the period 1991-1992. Participating doctors recorded all details of clinical activity for a sample of encounters. Measures used in this analysis are the issuing of a prescription, the ordering of a laboratory test or radiology examination, and the recommendation of a future follow-up office visit at a specified date. An innovative statistical technique is adopted to assess the allocation of variance for binary outcomes within a multi-level analysis of decision-making. Results: As expected, there was considerable variability between doctors in levels of prescribing, ordering of investigations and requests for follow up. These differences persisted after controlling for case-mix and patient and practitioner attributes. However, analysis of the components of variance suggested that less than 10% of remaining variability occurred at the practitioner level for any of the measures of clinical activity. Further analysis of a single diagnostic group - upper respiratory tract infection - marginally increased the practitioner contribution. Conclusions: The amount of variability in clinical activity that can definitively be linked to the practitioner in primary care is similar to that recorded in studies of the secondary sector. With primary care doctors increasingly being grouped into larger professional organisations, we can expect application of multi-level techniques to the analysis of clinical activity in primary care at different levels of organisational complexity.

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