Endoscopic Therapies for Palliation of Gastrointestinal Malignancies

AbstractThe reinfusion of autologous or allogeneic immune cells that have been educated and/or engineered ex vivo to respond to tumor-specific antigens is termed “adoptive cell therapy.” While adoptive cell therapy has made tremendous strides in the treatment of hematologic malignancies, its utilization for solid tumors has lagged somewhat behind. The purpose of this article is to concisely review the clinical research that has been done to investigate adoptive cell therapy as a treatment for gastrointestinal malignancies.

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A rare case of duodenal cancer with achalasia cardia

Journal of Society of Surgeons of Nepal ◽

10.3126/jssn.v22i2.28742 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 32-34

Author(s):

Kartikesh Mishra

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Rare Case ◽

Similar Case ◽

Barium Meal ◽

Duodenal Adenocarcinoma ◽

Gastrointestinal Malignancies ◽

Achalasia Cardia ◽

Proliferative Growth ◽

History Of ◽

Duodenal Carcinoma

Duodenal adenocarcinoma constitutes 0.4% of gastrointestinal malignancies. Achalasia incidence rate is 0.5-1.2 per 100000. The combination is rare. This is a report of a 68-year-old male from Nepal with history of five years abdominal pain, dysphasia and weight loss. Duodenoscopy could confirm ulcero-proliferative growth at D1-D2. Barium meal depicted features of achalasia cardia. No similar case report suggests that occurrence of duodenal carcinoma and achalasia cardia is merely co- incidental. Discussion: No similar case report suggests that occurrence of duodenal carcinoma and achalasia cardia is merely co- incidental. Consent: Informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report .

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O-3 Characterization of KRAS mutation variants and prevalence of KRAS-G12C in gastrointestinal malignancies

Annals of Oncology ◽

10.1016/j.annonc.2021.05.007 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. S218

Author(s):

M. Salem ◽

S. El-Refai ◽

W. Sha ◽

A. Grothey ◽

A. Puccini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Kras Mutation ◽

Gastrointestinal Malignancies

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Primary Small Intestinal Sarcomatoid Carcinoma: Report of a Rare Case and Literature Review

Case Reports in Oncology ◽

10.1159/000514145 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 538-544

Author(s):

Nozomi Karakuchi ◽

Senichiro Yanagawa ◽

Kei Kushitani ◽

Shinya Kodama ◽

Yukio Takeshima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lymph Node ◽

Lymph Node Metastasis ◽

Early Stage ◽

Vena Cava ◽

Sarcomatoid Carcinoma ◽

Additional Treatment ◽

Intestinal Tumors ◽

Gastrointestinal Malignancies ◽

Node Metastasis ◽

Small Intestinal

Sarcomatoid carcinoma (SC) is a rare malignant tumor with properties of both epithelial and mesenchymal carcinomas. SC has been reported in various organs, but the number of reports for each type is small. Small intestinal tumors make up about 3–6% of gastrointestinal malignancies. Discovering them in the early stage is rare and difficult, with anemia and/or abdominal pain as the major symptoms of small intestinal tumors. Primary small intestinal SC (SISC) is rare among small intestinal tumors, and currently very few cases have been reported in the literature. Previous studies have reported that neither chemotherapy nor radiotherapy improves the overall survival rate of patients with SISC, and the prognosis is extremely poor. Currently, surgical resection remains the only optimal therapeutic approach for SISC. Here, we present the case of a 90-year-old woman who had acute peritonitis due to perforation of a small intestinal tumor. She underwent emergency exploratory laparotomy and partial resection of the small intestine, including the tumor. The tumor was pathologically identified as a primary SISC with mesenteric lymph node metastasis. Subsequently, she had recurrence in the intra-abdominal area and lymph node metastasis anterior to the inferior vena cava and died 15 months after surgery without any additional treatment.

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A Review of the Significance in Measuring Preoperative and Postoperative Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) Values in Patients with Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma (MTC)

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina57060609 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 57 (6) ◽

pp. 609

Author(s):

Ioannis Passos ◽

Elisavet Stefanidou ◽

Soultana Meditskou-Eythymiadou ◽

Maria Mironidou-Tzouveleki ◽

Vasiliki Manaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Carcinoma ◽

Carcinoembryonic Antigen ◽

Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma ◽

Clinical Significance ◽

Relevant Literature ◽

Distant Metastases ◽

Lymph Node Involvement ◽

C Cells ◽

Gastrointestinal Malignancies ◽

Medullary Thyroid

Background and Objectives: Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) accounts for 1–2% of all thyroid malignancies, and it originates from parafollicular “C” cells. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a tumor marker, mainly for gastrointestinal malignancies. There are references in literature where elevated CEA levels may be the first finding in MTC. The aim of this study is to determine the importance of measuring preoperative and postoperative CEA values in patients with MTC and to define the clinical significance of the correlation between CEA and the origin of C cells. Materials and Methods: The existing and relevant literature was reviewed by searching for articles and specific keywords in the scientific databases of PubMedCentraland Google Scholar (till December 2020). Results: CEA has found its place, especially at the preoperative level, in the diagnostic approach of MTC. Preoperative CEA values >30 ng/mL indicate extra-thyroid disease, while CEA values >100 ng/mL are associated with lymph node involvement and distant metastases. The increase in CEA values preoperatively is associated with larger size of primary tumor, presence of lymph nodes, distant metastases and a poorer prognosis. The clinical significance of CEA values for the surgeon is the optimal planning of surgical treatment. In the recent literature, C cells seem to originate from the endoderm of the primitive anterior gut at the ultimobranchial bodies’ level. Conclusions: Although CEA is not a specific biomarker of the disease in MTC, itsmeasurement is useful in assessing the progression of the disease. The embryonic origin of C cells could explain the increased CEA values in MTC.

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Image-Guided Intratumoral Delivery of Immunotherapeutics in Gastrointestinal Malignancies

Digestive Disease Interventions ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1718389 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yang Qiao ◽

Rahul A. Sheth ◽

Alda Tam

Keyword(s):

Viral Vectors ◽

Adaptive Immune System ◽

Clinical Development ◽

Gastrointestinal Malignancies ◽

Robust Immune Response ◽

Image Guided ◽

Current State ◽

Specific Antigens ◽

Promising Treatment ◽

Intratumoral Delivery

AbstractIntratumoral (IT) administration of immunotherapy is a promising treatment strategy under clinical development for gastrointestinal malignancies. Due to its targeted nature, IT immunotherapies can generate regional proinflammatory microenvironments that result in the focal recruitment of tumor-specific immune cells. Precision targeting of tumors via IT immunotherapy injection theoretically produces a more robust immune response to the treated tumor itself and to distant metastatic tumors that share tumor-specific antigens with those of the treated tumor, while also minimizing the priming of the adaptive immune system to nonspecific antigens. Diverse arrays of IT immunotherapeutic agents including but not limited to lyophilized bacteria, viral vectors, cellular-based agents, molecules, and peptides, both as monotherapies and in combination with systemic immunotherapies, are in various stages of preclinical and clinical development. In this review, we summarize the current state of the art for IT immunotherapy and highlight potential future directions and their relevance to image-guided interventionalists.

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Immunotherapy for Gastrointestinal Malignancies

10.1007/978-981-15-6487-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Gastrointestinal Malignancies

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Animal Models of Colorectal Cancer: From Spontaneous to Genetically Engineered Models and Their Applications

Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.3390/vetsci8040059 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 59

Author(s):

Elisabete Nascimento-Gonçalves ◽

Bruno A.L. Mendes ◽

Rita Silva-Reis ◽

Ana I. Faustino-Rocha ◽

Adelina Gama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Animal Models ◽

Cancer Progression ◽

Social Impact ◽

Genetically Engineered ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Gastrointestinal Malignancies ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Colon Cancer Progression

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common gastrointestinal malignancies in humans, affecting approximately 1.8 million people worldwide. This disease has a major social impact and high treatment costs. Animal models allow us to understand and follow the colon cancer progression; thus, in vivo studies are essential to improve and discover new ways of prevention and treatment. Dietary natural products have been under investigation for better and natural prevention, envisioning to show their potential. This manuscript intends to provide the readers a review of rodent colorectal cancer models available in the literature, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages, as well as their potential in the evaluation of several drugs and natural compounds’ effects on colorectal cancer.

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Case Report: Oxaliplatin-Induced Immune-Mediated Thrombocytopenia

Case Reports in Oncology ◽

10.1159/000495032 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 880-882 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Elizabeth Pan ◽

Eric Hsieh ◽

Caroline Piatek

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Cancer Therapy ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Immune Thrombocytopenia ◽

Drug Induced ◽

Gastrointestinal Malignancies ◽

Common Cause ◽

Immune Mediated ◽

Chemotherapy Agents ◽

Platinum Derivative

Thrombocytopenia is a frequent complication of cancer may be due to a variety of causes including malignancy itself, acute disease processes, or cancer therapy. Systemic cancer therapy is the most common cause of thrombocytopenia in cancer patients observed nearly two-thirds of patients with solid tumors. Thrombocytopenia with traditional chemotherapy agents is most frequently the result of megakaryocyte cytotoxicity. Oxaliplatin is a platinum derivative commonly used in gastrointestinal malignancies and is associated with drug-induced immune thrombocytopenia.

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Management and Reconstruction of a Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma Patient Three Years after Pancreaticoduodenectomy: A Surgical Puzzle

Case Reports in Surgery ◽

10.1155/2016/5650382 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-3 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dionysios Dellaportas ◽

James A. Gossage ◽

Andrew R. Davies

Keyword(s):

Gastroesophageal Junction ◽

Pancreatic Head ◽

Second Primary ◽

Primary Cancer ◽

Head Cancer ◽

Gastrointestinal Malignancies ◽

Pancreatic Head Cancer ◽

Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma ◽

Gastrointestinal Reconstruction ◽

Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma

Introduction. With the improving survival of cancer patients, the development of a secondary primary cancer is an increasingly common phenomenon. Extensive surgery during initial treatment may pose significant challenges to surgeons managing the second primary cancer.Case Presentation. A 69-year-old male, who had a pancreaticoduodenectomy three years ago for pancreatic head adenocarcinoma, underwent an uneventful extended total gastrectomy for gastroesophageal junctional adenocarcinoma. The reconstruction controversies and considerations are highlighted.Discussion. Genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors are common for several gastrointestinal malignancies. However, the occurrence of a second unfavorable cancer such as gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma after pancreatic head cancer treatment is extremely uncommon. This clinical scenario possesses numerous difficulties for the surgeon, since surgical resection is the mainstay of treatment for both malignancies. Gastrointestinal reconstruction becomes challenging and requires careful planning and meticulous surgical technique along with sound intraoperative judgement.

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