Methods for Studying Species Composition of Mycorrhizal Fungal Communities in Ecological Studies and Environmental Monitoring

1995 ◽  
pp. 229-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-E. Nylund ◽  
A. Dahlberg ◽  
N. Högberg ◽  
O. Kårén ◽  
K. Grip ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Ecological Studies

Long-term effects of stump removal and tree species composition on the diversity and structure of soil fungal communities

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dixi Modi ◽  
Suzanne Simard ◽  
Jean Bérubé ◽  
Les Lavkulich ◽  
Richard Hamelin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Tree Regeneration ◽  
Root Disease ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Stump removal is a common forest management practice used to reduce the mortality of trees affected by the fungal pathogen-mediated root disease, Armillaria root rot, but the impact of stumping on soil fungal community structure is not well understood. This study analyzed the long-term impact of stumping and tree species composition on the abundance, diversity and taxonomic composition of soil fungal communities using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) marker-based DNA metabarcoding in a 48-year-old trial at Skimikin, British Columbia. A total of 108 samples were collected from FH (fermented and humus layers), and soil mineral horizons (A and B) from stumped and unstumped plots of six tree species treatments (pure stands and admixtures of Douglas-fir, western red-cedar and paper birch). Fungal α-diversity in the A horizon significantly increased with stumping regardless of tree species composition, while β-diversity was significantly affected by stumping in all the horizons. We also observed that the relative abundance of the saprotrophic fungal community declined while that of the ectomycorrhizal fungal community increased with stumping. In conclusion, increase in ectomycorrhizal fungal associations, which are positively associated with tree productivity, suggests that stumping can be considered a good management practice for mitigating root disease and promoting tree regeneration.

scholarly journals Sampling efficiency of a protocol to measure Odonata diversity in tropical streams

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248216
Author(s):  
Joana Darc Batista ◽  
Victor Rennan Santos Ferreira ◽  
Helena Soares Ramos Cabette ◽  
Lourivaldo Amancio de Castro ◽  
Paulo De Marco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Sampling Efficiency ◽  
Sampling Protocol ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Local Species ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Local Species Pool

Odonata can be sampled following different types of protocols. In Brazil, the most used protocol is the scanning in fixed areas method, where a 100-meter transect is delimited in one of the stream margins, subdivided into 20 segments measuring 5 meters. Despite being universally used, the methodological efficiency or limitations of this protocol for Odonata has never been tested. In this scenario, our objective was to assess the efficiency of the sampling protocol to measure the richness and composition of Odonata in three fundamental aspects: the time of sampling and sampling effort over time and space. We show that the best sampling efficiency was achieved in collections performed at noon, in transects measuring 100 meters, requiring at least two samplings in the same location, supporting the procedures traditionally adopted by many studies with the group. While comparing species composition, we did not see any implication between the different treatments on the capture of the local species pool. However, we highlight and discuss some possible methodological flaws when using this protocol to sample specific Odonata groups. We believe the results obtained are fundamental in the inventory of species and to conduct future studies, as well as to aid conservative measures that use the order Odonata as a tool for environmental monitoring.

scholarly journals Desmids (Zygnematophyceae) from the littoral zone of an urban artificial lake: taxonomic aspects and geographical distribution

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Akemy Nabeshima Aquino ◽  
Gabriela Medeiros ◽  
Jascieli Carla Bortolini ◽  
Cinthia Coutinho Rosa Favaretto ◽  
Douglas Ticiani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Littoral Zone ◽  
New Records ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Morphometric Characteristics ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Artificial Lake ◽  
Qualitative Nature ◽  
Municipal Lake

Abstract Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the taxonomic aspects and geographical distribution of the periphytic desmids from two different substrates in the littoral zone of an urban artificial lake. Methods Samples of epiphytic and epilithic desmids were collected by grass and rock scraping, respectively, in two stations in the Cascavel municipal lake, Paraná, during April 2015, and March 2016 and 2017. In the laboratory, the taxa obtained from the samples were photographed and their morphometric characteristics recorded. The species composition of the desmid was characterized, and the frequency of occurrence as well as the geographic distribution of each taxon in the Paraná State were recorded. Results We identified 35 taxa, distributed in 10 genera. The most representative were Closterium Nitzsch ex Ralfs and Cosmarium Corda ex Ralfs. A high occurrence of sporadic taxa (60%) was observed and among the recorded taxa, the most frequent were Cosmarium pseudoconnatum Nordstedt var. pseudoconnatum and Desmidium grevillei (Kützing ex Ralfs) De Bary. Nine taxa were exclusive to the epilithic substrate and only Netrium digitus (Ralfs) Itzigsohn & Rothe var. digitus was exclusive to the epiphytic substrate, while the remaining 25 taxa occurred in both substrates. Seven taxa are new records for the Paraná State. Conclusion Although our results are of qualitative nature, they provide baseline data on the biogeographic distribution of taxa, which are crucial for future taxonomic and ecological studies that might contribute to the preservation of the biodiversity.

An comparative analysis of airborne and terrestrial fungi in show caves Novoafonskaya (Caucasus) and Ali-Sadr (Iran)

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Anna Popkova ◽  
Ekaterina Kozlova ◽  
Samaneh Khazaei ◽  
Sergei Kochetkov ◽  
Anton Fedorov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Jaccard Index ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
High Similarity ◽  
Trichoderma Species ◽  
Cave Sediments ◽  
Cultivated Species ◽  
Show Caves ◽  
Terrestrial Fungi

Caves are considered as ecosystems isolated from the surface in varying degrees. Hypogean habitats are mostly A study of cultivated species of microfungi in two show caves Novoafonskaya (Caucasus) and Ali-Sadr (Iran) was carried out. The species composition of fungi has been analyzed in the air and cave sediments along the excursion route. Species identification was performed using standard approaches and cultivation methods. Jaccard index was applied to estimate similarity of communities of different biotopes. The species diversity of microfungi was higher in the Novoafonskaya cave where 50 species of microfungi were identified. Only 38 species were isolated from the Ali-Sadr cave. Representatives of Ascomycota predominated in fungal communities. The greatest species diversity was noted in the genera Alternaria, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium, and Trichoderma. Species Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Cladosporium herbarum, Pseudogymnoascus pannorum, Oidiodendron tenuissimum and Penicillium chrysogenum were identified in all biotopes of both caves. Comparison of two biotopes of the caves using the Jaccard index revealed a high similarity in the species composition in the soil and air of the Novoafonskaya cave (KJ = 0.64). On the contrary, the species composition of fungi was different in Ali-Sadr cave (KJ = 0.22), which may be explained by intensive propagules input from the surface due to the cave morphology features and the arrangement of excursion route.

scholarly journals Comparison of DNA sequencing and morphological identification techniques to characterize environmental fungal communities

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naohide Shinohara ◽  
Cheolwoon Woo ◽  
Naomichi Yamamoto ◽  
Kazuhiro Hashimoto ◽  
Hiroko Yoshida-Ohuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequencing ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Its2 Region ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
Identification Technique ◽  
Relative Abundances ◽  
Identification Techniques ◽  
Culture Dependent

AbstractCulture-independent DNA sequencing of fungal internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region was compared to a culture-dependent morphological identification technique to characterize house dust-borne fungal communities. The abundant genera were Aspergillus, Wallemia, Cladosporium, and Penicillium. Statistically significant between-method correlations were observed for Wallemia and Cladosporium (Spearman’s ρ = 0.75 and 0.72, respectively; p < 0.001). Penicillium tended to be detected with much higher (averaged 26-times) relative abundances by the culture-based method than by the DNA-based method, although statistically significant inter-method correlation was observed with Spearman’s ρ = 0.61 (p = 0.002). Large DNA sequencing-based relative abundances observed for Alternaria and Aureobasidium were likely due to multicellularity of their spores with large number of per-spore ITS2 copies. The failure of the culture-based method in detectiing Toxicocladosporium, Verrucocladosporium, and Sterigmatomyces was likely due to their fastidiousness growth on our nutrient medium. Comparing between the two different techniques clarified the causes of biases in identifying environmental fungal communities, which should be amended and/or taken into consideration when the methods are used for future fungal ecological studies.

SAMPLING CARABID ASSEMBLAGES WITH PITFALL TRAPS: THE MADNESS AND THE METHOD

1994 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 881-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Spence ◽  
Jari K. Niemelä
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Pitfall Trapping

AbstractWe describe a litter-washing technique for collecting quantitative samples of ground-beetles (Carabidae), and compare the results with those from liner extraction by Tullgren funnels and pitfall (rapping. We also compare performance of four types of pitfall traps across five habitats. Carabid species composition from litter washing and funnel extraction was similar but washing revealed higher densities. Large-bodied species predominated in pitfall samples and small-bodied species predominated in litter samples. Uncovered, round pitfall traps yielded generally higher catches than rectangular or covered, round traps but the pattern was not consistent over all species or the five habitats. Ecological studies of carabid populations and assemblages using pitfall traps may be improved if they are both designed and interpreted in light of the biology of the group and with regard to the deficiencies of pitfall trapping as discussed here and elsewhere.

scholarly journals Can Baited Pitfall Traps for Sampling Dung Beetles Replace Conventional Traps for Sampling Ants?

Sociobiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 376
Author(s):  
Kelley Rita Przybyszewski ◽  
Ricardo José Silva ◽  
Ricardo Eduardo Vicente ◽  
João Victor Garcia Freitas ◽  
Mônica Josene Barbosa Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Pitfall Trap ◽  
Dung Beetles ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Small Decrease ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Native Habitat ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Total Species

Ants  and  dung  beetles  are  widely  used  in  monitoring  biodiversity  and  are  considered  excellent  environmental  indicators.  Although  the pitfall trap is the most commonly used method to sample dung beetles and ants in ecological studies, beetles are usually sampled using dung‐baited pitfall traps while ants are sampled using un‐baited pitfalls. In the protocol for collecting the beetles it is necessary to have attractive baits in pitfalls. In order to minimize collection effort and costs and to facilitate logistics, it is necessary to determine if there is an effect of the baits on the biodiversity of ants collected in the same traps. Therefore, the objective of this work was to find out whether baited pitfalls could replace conventional pitfalls for the capture of ants. In a total of 42 areas of native habitat, three baited pitfall traps and three without bait were installed, all in the same transect, equidistant ten meters and in activity for 48 hours. In total, 150 species were collected, of which 131 were recorded in non‐baited pitfalls and 107 in baited pitfalls. Traps without bait contributed to 28% of the total number of species captured in this study, whereas pitfalls with bait contributed only to 12% of the total species caught. However, 60% of the total species were captured regardless of the method. In addition to the loss of species among the types of traps, the effect of the method modifies the species composition. We concluded that depending on the type of study, a small decrease in the number of species and change in the composition can influence the results. Thus, we recommend that baited pitfalls should not replace conventional pitfalls.Palavras-chave: Método de coleta; Protocolo de coleta; Desenho da amostra; Esforço de amostragem.

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