Age-Related Differences in Iconic Memory and Visual Attention

1991 ◽  
pp. 45-56
Author(s):  
David A. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Iconic Memory ◽  
Age Related

scholarly journals Visual Attention and Aging: an Age-Related Cognitive Model of Positive Adaptation

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-191
Author(s):  
José Manuel Rodríguez-Ferrer
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Covert Attention ◽  
Positive Adaptation ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Healthy Young People

We have studied the effects of normal aging on visual attention. Have participated a group of 38 healthy elderly people with an average age of 67.8 years and a group of 39 healthy young people with average age of 19.2 years. In a first experiment of visual detection, response times were recorded, with and without covert attention, to the presentation of stimuli (0.5º in diameter grey circles) appearing in three eccentricities (2.15, 3.83 and 5.53° of visual field) and with three levels of contrast (6, 16 and 78%). In a second experiment of visual form discrimination circles and squares with the same features as in the previous experiment were presented, but in this case subjects only should respond to the emergence of the circles. In both age groups, the covert attention reduced response times. Compared to young people, the older group achieved better results in some aspects of attention tests and response times were reduced more in the stimuli of greater eccentricity. The data suggest that there is a mechanism of adaptation in aging, in which visual attention especially favors the perception of those stimuli more difficult to detec

scholarly journals Developmental changes in infants’ and children’s attention to faces and salient regions vary across and within video stimuli

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Michael Franchak ◽  
Kellan Kadooka
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Alternative Explanation ◽  
Time Windows ◽  
Dynamic Scenes ◽  
Video Clips ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Global Age ◽  
Salient Regions ◽  
Socially Relevant ◽  
Shift Hypothesis

Visual attention in complex, dynamic scenes is attracted to locations that contain socially-relevant features, such as faces, and to areas that are visually salient. Previous work suggests that there is a global shift over development such that observers increasingly attend to faces with age. However, no prior work has tested whether this shift is truly global, that is, consistent across and within stimuli despite variations in content. To test the global shift hypothesis, we recorded eye movements of 89 children (6 months to 10 years) and adults while they viewed seven video clips. We measured the extent to which each participant attended to faces and to salient areas for each video. There was no evidence of global age-related changes in attention: Neither feature showed consistent increases or decreases with age. Moreover, windowed analyses within each stimulus video revealed moment-to-moment variations in the relation between age and each visual feature. For some time windows, adults looked more often at both feature types compared to infants and children. However, for other time windows the pattern was reversed—younger participants looked more at faces and salient locations. Lack of consistent directional effects provides strong evidence against the global shift hypothesis. We suggest an alternative explanation: Over development, observers increasingly prioritize when and where to look by learning to track which features are relevant within a scene. Implications for the development of visual attention and children’s understanding of screen-based media are discussed.

scholarly journals Are age-related deficits in route learning related to control of visual attention?

2019 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 1473-1484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Hilton ◽  
Sebastien Miellet ◽  
Timothy J. Slattery ◽  
Jan Wiener
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Route Learning ◽  
Age Related

Visual Attention With Cognitive Aging

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Madden ◽  
Zachary A. Monge
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Object Identification ◽  
Features Selection ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Attentional Functioning ◽  
Age Related

Age-related decline occurs in several aspects of fluid, speed-dependent cognition, particularly those related to attention. Empirical research on visual attention has determined that attention-related effects occur across a range of information processing components, including the sensory registration of features, selection of information from working memory, controlling motor responses, and coordinating multiple perceptual and cognitive tasks. Thus, attention is a multifaceted construct that is relevant at virtually all stages of object identification. A fundamental theme of attentional functioning is the interaction between the bottom-up salience of visual features and top-down allocation of processing based on the observer’s goals. An underlying age-related slowing is prominent throughout visual processing stages, which in turn contributes to age-related decline in some aspects of attention, such as the inhibition of irrelevant information and the coordination of multiple tasks. However, some age-related preservation of attentional functioning is also evident, particularly the top-down allocation of attention. Neuroimaging research has identified networks of frontal and parietal brain regions relevant for top-down and bottom-up attentional processing. Disconnection among these networks contributes to an age-related decline in attention, but preservation and perhaps even increased patterns of functional brain activation and connectivity also contribute to preserved attentional functioning.

scholarly journals Age-related changes in visual search: manipulation of colour cues based on cone contrast and opponent modulation space

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuto Tamura ◽  
Keiko Sato
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Visual Space ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Human Lens ◽  
Search Performance ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Colour Perception ◽  
Age Related

AbstractReduced retinal illuminance affects colour perception in older adults, and studies show that they exhibit deficiencies in yellow-blue (YB) discrimination. However, the influence of colour cues on the visual attention in older individuals remains unclarified. Visual attention refers to the cognitive model by which we prioritise regions within the visual space and selectively process information. The present study aimed to explore the effect of colour on visual search performance in older observers. In our experiment, younger observers wearing glasses with a filter that simulated the spectral transmittance of the aging human lens and older observers performed two types of search tasks, feature search (FS) and conjunction search (CS), under three colour conditions: red-green, YB, and luminance. Targets and distractors were designed on the basis of the Derrington–Krauskopf–Lennie colour representation. In FS tasks, reaction times changed according to colour in all groups, especially under the YB condition, regardless of the presence or absence of distractors. In CS tasks with distractors, older participants and younger participants wearing glasses showed slower responses under chromatic conditions than under the achromatic condition. These results provide preliminary evidence that, for older observers, visual search performance may be affected by impairments in chromatic colour discrimination.

Interdependent self-construal moderates the age-related negativity reduction effect in memory and visual attention.

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helene H. Fung ◽  
Derek M. Isaacowitz ◽  
Alice Y. Lu ◽  
Tianyuan Li
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Self Construal ◽  
Interdependent Self ◽  
Reduction Effect

scholarly journals Visual attention during seeing for speaking in healthy aging

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwendolyn L Rehrig ◽  
Taylor R. Hayes ◽  
John M. Henderson ◽  
Fernanda Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
World Knowledge ◽  
Extensive Experience ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Logistic Mixed Effects Model ◽  
Age Related Cognitive Decline

As we age, we accumulate a wealth of information, but cognitive processing becomes slower and less efficient. There is mixed evidence on whether world knowledge compensates for age-related cognitive decline (Umanath & Marsh, 2014). We investigated whether older adults are more likely to fixate more meaningful scene locations than are young adults. Young (N=30) and older adults (N=30, aged 66-82) described scenes while eye movements and descriptions were recorded. We used a logistic mixed-effects model to determine whether fixated scene locations differed in meaning, salience, and center distance from locations that were not fixated, and whether those properties differed for locations young and older adults fixated. Meaning predicted fixated locations well overall, though the locations older adults fixated were less meaningful than those that young adults fixated. These results suggest that older adults’ visual attention is less sensitive to meaning than young adults, despite extensive experience with scenes.

scholarly journals The age-related trajectory of visual attention neural function is altered in adults living with HIV: A cross-sectional MEG study

EBioMedicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 103065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasra Arif ◽  
Alex I. Wiesman ◽  
Jennifer O'Neill ◽  
Christine Embury ◽  
Pamela E. May ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Neural Function ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Living With Hiv

A driver visual attention model. Part 1. Conceptual framework

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clark Lim ◽  
Tarek Sayed ◽  
Francis Navin
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
External Control ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Driver Behaviour ◽  
General Direction ◽  
Visual Attention Model ◽  
Attention Model ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Attention Demand

This paper describes a driver visual attention model that gathers information based on a selective process so that events such as distractions can be modelled. This model contains visual information gathering capabilities and visual attention mechanisms based on subjective and objective factors. As the research focused on applicability, the model's framework was designed to be integrated as a component processor within a microscopic computer traffic simulation. The model determines visual attention using two mechanisms: internal and external focusing. The internal focusing mechanism is a proactive attention director. This subjective-based mechanism moves the head and eye to a general direction such that information relevant to the current task is actively searched for based on the driver's expectancy. The external focusing mechanism is a reactive attention director based on the characteristics of the objects within the driver's visual field. External control allows for distractions to be modelled, since irrelevant information may objectively demand higher attention than relevant information. For each visible object, these two control mechanisms determine its attention demand value (ADV). Visual information from the object with the highest ADV is then acquired. The ADV also plays a role in determining the information processing time and amount of attention allocated to driving. With the use of this model and its input of various internal and external variables, it is hoped that a variety of driver types with varying visual abilities (age-related, intoxicated) can be simulated within visually detailed environments.Key words: driver behaviour, visibility, driver visual attention, attention demand value, driver simulation models

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