The Initiation and Function of Th2 Responses during Infection with Schistosoma Mansoni

1998 ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward J. Pearce ◽  
Anne La Flamme ◽  
Elizabeth Sabin ◽  
Laura Rosa Brunet
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Th2 Responses ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals A double edged sword: Schistosoma mansoni Sm29 regulates both Th1 and Th2 responses in inflammatory mucosal diseases

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1366-1371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio C Oliveira ◽  
Barbara C Figueiredo ◽  
Luciana S Cardoso ◽  
Edgar M Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Th2 Responses ◽  
Th1 And Th2 Responses ◽  
Th1 And Th2

scholarly journals Omega-1, a glycoprotein secreted by Schistosoma mansoni eggs, drives Th2 responses

2009 ◽  
Vol 206 (8) ◽  
pp. 1673-1680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart Everts ◽  
Georgia Perona-Wright ◽  
Hermelijn H. Smits ◽  
Cornelis H. Hokke ◽  
Alwin J. van der Ham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Human Monocyte ◽  
Potent Inducer ◽  
T Helper 2 ◽  
Mediated Effects ◽  
Reporter Mice ◽  
Th2 Polarization ◽  
Th2 Responses

Soluble egg antigens of the parasitic helminth Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni egg antigen [SEA]) induce strong Th2 responses both in vitro and in vivo. However, the specific molecules that prime the development of Th2 responses have not been identified. We report that omega-1, a glycoprotein which is secreted from S. mansoni eggs and present in SEA, is capable of conditioning human monocyte-derived dendritic cells in vitro to drive T helper 2 (Th2) polarization with similar characteristics as whole SEA. Furthermore, using IL-4 dual reporter mice, we show that both natural and recombinant omega-1 alone are sufficient to generate Th2 responses in vivo, even in the absence of IL-4R signaling. Finally, omega-1–depleted SEA displays an impaired capacity for Th2 priming in vitro, but not in vivo, suggesting the existence of additional factors within SEA that can compensate for the omega-1–mediated effects. Collectively, we identify omega-1, a single component of SEA, as a potent inducer of Th2 responses.

A statistical approach to schistosome population dynamics and estimation of the life-span of Schistosoma mansoni in man

Parasitology ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. C. Fulford ◽  
A. E. Butterworth ◽  
J. H. Ouma ◽  
R. F. Sturrock
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Statistical Approach ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Model Fitting ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Host Age ◽  
Force Of Infection ◽  
Data Yield ◽  
And Function

SUMMARYDynamic models which predict changes in the intensity of schistosome infection with host age are fitted to pre-intervention Schistosoma mansoni data from Kenya. Age-specific post-treatment-reinfection data are used to estimate the force of infection, thus enabling investigation of the rate of worm death. An empirical and statistical approach is taken to the model fitting: where possible, distributional properties and function relationships are obtained from the data rather than assumed from theory. Attempts are made to remove known sources of bias. Maximum likelihood techniques, employed to allow for error in both the pre-intervention and reinfection data, yield confidence intervals for the worm life-span (CI95% = 5·7–10·5 years) and demonstrate that the worm death rate is unlikely to vary with host age. The possibilities and limitations of fitting dynamic models to data are discussed. We conclude that a detailed, quantitative approach will be necessary if progress is to be made with the interpretation of epidemiological data and the models intended to describe them.

Schistosoma mansoni: Influence of immunization and challenge schedules on the sites and mechanisms of resistance in CBA/Ca mice vaccinated with highly irradiated cercariae

1989 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. F. Elsaghier ◽  
Diane J. McLaren
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Pulmonary Vasculature ◽  
Major Site ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
And Function ◽  
Antigen Presenting ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACTThese studies address current controversies over the site(s) of challenge attrition in the murine irradiated vaccine model of immunity toSchistosoma mansoni. Two possibilities have been investigated. Firstly, that the site of death of the radiation-attenuated schistosomes used to vaccinate the mice may vary in different laboratories and secondly, that the skin sites selected for presentation of the immunizing and challenge parasites may influence the final site at which immunity is effected (i.e. ear/abdomen vs tail/tail). The migration of radiolabelled cercariae exposed to 0, 20 or 50 krad of gamma irradiation from the NIMR60Cobalt source was examined in CBA/Ca mice by squashed organ autoradiography. Unirradiated parasites all migrated from the skin to the lungs, and 65% moved on to the liver. Migration of parasites attenuated by exposure to 20 krad of gamma irradiation was delayed, but 76% finally reached the lungs; only 1% was recruited to the liver. The majority of 50 krad attenuated parasites died in the skin, with only 4% accomplishing migration to the pulmonary vasculature. The major site of death (and by implication of antigenic stimulation) of the 20 krad attenuated NIMR strainS. mansoniused routinely for vaccination purposes in our laboratory, is thus the lungs, a finding that does not explain the fact that immunity is mediated primarily in the skin in our model system. Site elimination experiments and squashed organ autoradiography showed conclusively that, irrespective of the skin sites chosen for presentation of the immunizing and challenge population of worms, NIMR challenge parasites are killed predominantly in the skin of vaccinated CBA/Ca mice. Moreover, qualitative and quantitative histological examination of the challenged tail skin of vaccinated mice revealed that inflammatory reactions comprising mononuclear cells and eosinophils develop in this site and function to trap and eliminate challenge larvae, despite a reported reduction in antigen presenting cells in this region.

scholarly journals The Absence of Interleukin 1 Receptor–Related T1/St2 Does Not Affect T Helper Cell Type 2 Development and Its Effector Function

1999 ◽  
Vol 190 (10) ◽  
pp. 1541-1548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuaki Hoshino ◽  
Shin-ichiro Kashiwamura ◽  
Kozo Kuribayashi ◽  
Taku Kodama ◽  
Tohru Tsujimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Orphan Receptor ◽  
Th2 Cells ◽  
Nippostrongylus Brasiliensis ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Th2 Responses ◽  
And Function

T1/ST2, an orphan receptor with homology with the interleukin (IL)-1 receptor family, is expressed constitutively and stably on the surface of T helper type 2 (Th2) cells, but not on Th1 cells. T1/ST2 is also expressed on mast cells, which are critical for Th2-mediated effector responses. To evaluate whether T1/ST2 is required for Th2 responses and mast cell function, we have generated T1/ST2-deficient (T1/ST2−/−) mice and examined the roles of T1/ST2. Naive CD4+ T cells isolated from T1/ST2−/− mice developed to Th2 cells in response to IL-4 in vitro. T1/ST2−/− mice showed normal Th2 responses after infection with the helminthic parasite Nippostrongylus brasiliensis as well as in the mouse model of allergen-induced airway inflammation. In addition, differentiation and function of bone marrow–derived cultured mast cells were unaffected. These findings demonstrate that T1/ST2 does not play an essential role in development and function of Th2 cells and mast cells.

Studies on the structure and hatching of the eggs of Schistosoma mansoni

Parasitology ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Kusel
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Histochemical Staining ◽  
Vitelline Membrane ◽  
Similar Treatment ◽  
Hatching Process ◽  
Staining Techniques ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
And Function ◽  
Vacuolar Membranes

The structure and function of the vacuoles in the eggs of Schistosoma mansoni is unknown. In this study the eggs have been immersed in serum albumin and examined by phase-contrast optics. Under these conditions the vacuoles exhibit a definite internal structure, suggesting that they may be or may have been cellular. Histochemical staining techniques to detect the nature of the vacuolar contents revealed that the vacuoles stained heavily with iodine and gave a positive PAS reaction. This suggested the presence of carbohydrate. Stains for nucleic acids, protein and lipid were not taken up by the vacuoles. The egg shell stained with o–toluidine blue and with basic fuchsin uniformly, except for a thin irregular band which might indicate a possible line of weakness. The vacuolar membranes seem to be similar to the vitelline membrane in permeability to hydroxyl ions and it is possible that these membranes have a common origin. Plasmolysis studies with salts, urea, glycerol and sucrose showed that the vacuolar membranes have about the same permeability properties to these compounds as the other egg membranes. Glycerol treatment of the eggs until equilibrium is attained, followed by transfer of the eggs to water or saline results in a hatching of the eggs. In this, a dead mira-cidium is extruded from the shell. Similar treatment of eggs equilibrated with sucrose does not result in this hatching process. It is postulated that glycerol solubilizes a factor which aids the hatching process.I should like to thank the following: Dr S. A. Ibrahim, in whose department this work was carried out; Dr S. Dawood of the Stack Laboratory, Khartoum, who kindly made his microscope available for use; Mr J. R. Lauder for valuable discussions and suggestions; and many young patients in Khartoum Civil Hospital for stool samples and smiles.

scholarly journals Buffalo Gut Microbes May Affect the Host Th2 Responses During Fasciola Gigantica Infection via SCFAs Metabolism and TLR Signaling Pathway

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Li ◽  
Zhao’an Sheng ◽  
Dongying Wang ◽  
Yaoyao Zhang ◽  
Wei Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Th2 Response ◽  
Tlr Signaling ◽  
Gut Microbes ◽  
Th2 Responses ◽  
Metagenome Sequencing ◽  
And Function ◽  
Tlr Signaling Pathway

Abstract Background: Helminth-induced Th2 responses are essential to modify the structure and diversity of gut microbes. However, observations have come mainly from studies of helminth-infected humans or rodent models. Very little research has been conducted in veterinary animals. Methods: In this study, we searched for links between microbiota and Th2-biased responses during the time course of Fasciala gigantica infection in buffaloes.16S rRNA gene amplicon and metagenome sequencing were applied to analyze the structure and function of the gut microbiota. Results: Both alpha and beta diversities decreased during infection, and gut microbes differed considerably across different sections of the gut at different stages. Immune responses changed when the microbiota traverses the gut wall into the peritoneal cavity, in line with the changes in Th2 response induced by F. gigantica infection. We found that the order Coriobacteriales was greatly decreased at the early stages in which the Peptostreptococcaceae and Family_XIII families are closely linked to the upregulation of IgG1 and IL4, respectively. The F. gigantica infection significantly reduced short-chain fatty acid (SCFAs)-producing microbes, reduced the concentrations of gut SCFAs and downregulated the SCFAs-producing metabolic pathways. In addition, The microbes associated with TLR2 increased and showed similar trend to the TLR2 and Th2 cytokine production during infection, suggesting that bacteria ligands might recognize TLR2 and subsequently induce a Th2-biased response. Conclusions: Our data show that buffalo gut microbes may affect the host Th2 response during F. gigantica infection via the SCFAs metabolism and TLR signaling pathway. These findings provide new insights into the relationship between F. gigantica–microbiota-host, which may provide new potential therapeutic targets for prevention and control Fasciolosis.

scholarly journals Schistosoma mansoni Infection in Ugandan Men Is Associated with Increased Abundance and Function of HIV Target Cells in Blood, but Not the Foreskin: A Cross-sectional Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e0004067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica L. Prodger ◽  
Aloysious Ssemaganda ◽  
Ali Ssetaala ◽  
Paul K. Kitandwe ◽  
Enoch Muyanja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Function
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