Genetical Aspects of Active Defence

1982 ◽  
pp. 179-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert H. Ellingboe
Keyword(s):  
Active Defence

RevisitingCriticalLegal Pluralism: Normative Contestations in the Afghan Courtroom

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nafay CHOUDHURY
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Legal Pluralism ◽  
Legal Order ◽  
Fully Discrete ◽  
Active Defence ◽  
Defence Lawyer ◽  
The Individual ◽  
A Site ◽  
Individual Choices ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractThis paper revisits the concept ofcriticallegal pluralism, which treats the individual as a site of normativity with the capacity to create legal knowledge. To help operationalize the usage of critical legal pluralism, I propose a methodological approach that places the individual’s ability to makes choices along a continuum. On one side of continuum, legal pluralism can be viewed as facilitating fully discrete choices that ascribe to one legal order or another. On the other side, the ability to make individual choices is curtailed because of the presence of a hegemonic legal order. This simple continuum helps to shed light on the complex considerations that affect individual choices, which in turn affect how various legal orders are legitimated. The paper then considers how critical legal pluralism can enrich the discussion on the legal system of Afghanistan, focusing on interviews with two Afghan justice actors: a former judge and an active defence lawyer.

scholarly journals Donald Trump’s Administration Confronting Missile Defence: Key Challenges and Probabilistic Overview

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-63
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Nycz
Keyword(s):  
Regional Scale ◽  
Ballistic Missile ◽  
Probability Analysis ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
The West ◽  
Nuclear Arsenal ◽  
Active Defence ◽  
Ballistic Tests

The text describes main US missile defence efforts in the first years of D. Trump’s administration. The analysis of current aspects of BMD (Ballistic Missile Defence) deployments is enhanced by probability analysis examining missile defence reliability. Donald Trump took office in the time of increased military competition between the West and Russia and a dangerous regional crisis related to North Korean nuclear arsenal and its ballistic tests. BMD appeared to bring additional chances to US deterrence options in regional scale, allowing more successful first strike or active defence posture. Notably, D. Trump’s administration managed to raise defence expenditures including BMD spending.

scholarly journals Ethological defence mechanisms in insects. II. Active defence

2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazimiera Gromysz-Kałkowska ◽  
Aneta Unkiewicz-Winiarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Defence Mechanisms ◽  
Active Defence

Missile defence plans raise conflict risk in East Asia

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Defence System ◽  
Operational Capabilities ◽  
Pivot To Asia ◽  
The Us ◽  
Defence Policy ◽  
Active Defence ◽  
High Altitude Area ◽  
Conflict Risk

Subject Possible deployment of the US THAAD missile defence system in South Korea. Significance China has threatened South Korea with a serious breach in relations if it agrees to US deployment on its territory of a new theatre missile defence system, called THAAD (Terminal High Altitude Area Defense). The threat represents a change in China's posture toward South Korea that may be explained more by Beijing's stiffening opposition to the US rebalancing (the 'pivot to Asia') than by the purely operational capabilities and characteristics of THAAD. Impacts Deployment of THAAD is not yet a sure thing. Seoul will invest heavily in its own missile defence capabilities independent of THAAD. The prospect of any kind of diplomatic breakthrough between Beijing and Washington will have to await the next US administration. Japan's turn towards more active defence policy makes China feel threatened, but Beijing can do little to mitigate it.

Preparing ... for what? Developing multi-dimensional measures of community wildfire preparedness for researchers, practitioners and households

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick D. Dunlop ◽  
Ilona M. McNeill ◽  
Jessica L. Boylan ◽  
David L. Morrison ◽  
Timothy C. Skinner
Keyword(s):  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Community Survey ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Wildfire Risk ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Active Defence ◽  
Definition Of

In an effort to reduce wildfire risk to community members, researchers and practitioners have sought to identify the factors that are most effective in motivating community members to engage in preparatory behaviours. Quantitative research in this area has been hampered, however, by a lack of consistency in, and validation of household wildfire preparedness assessments. Consequences have included a difficulty in comparing results across quantitative studies, a poor collective understanding of how existing preparedness assessments were developed and an inability to ascertain how specific preparedness actions are tied to householders’ responses to wildfire. We propose to resolve these issues by (1) presenting a definition of wildfire preparedness for adoption as the standard in quantitative studies, (2) developing a typology of wildfire preparedness that distinguishes between household wildfire goals (i.e. safe evacuation, effective active defence and improving the fire resistance of a property in the absence of an active defender), (3) constructing two new standardised measures of preparedness and (4) undertaking a community survey to investigate the validity of the measures. The development of the new measures will facilitate the standardisation of future research into wildfire preparedness, while differentiating between types of preparedness, and is expected to yield practical benefits.

scholarly journals Great Water Wall in South China Sea: Maritime Designs of China under Mahan’s Theory of Sea Power

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-293
Author(s):  
Tatheer Zahra Sherazi ◽  
Arif Khan ◽  
Hashmat Ullah Khan
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Global Politics ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Water Wall ◽  
Sea Power ◽  
Active Defence ◽  
Great Wall

Seas play a vital role in shaping and reshaping the course of  global politics, from developing empires to new global orders. Virtually 80 percent of China’s trade resources passes through the Seas and mostly by South China Sea, so it has initiated developments in South China Sea, from building artificial island, light houses to air strips to secure its trade routes. The aim of the study is to clarify the assumptions that China is building a ‘sand wall’ or ‘water wall’ like great wall to secure its maritime trade. Descriptive, analytical approach has been adopted to study the marvel; Mahan’s theory of Sea power has been applied to quantify the developments made by China. It concludes that China is striving for naval supremacy as per Mahan’s theory along with synthesis of Mao’s ‘Active Defence’. Hence Peaceful and integrated strategies are required to minimize the implications of disruption of seaborne trade.

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