Pathophysiological Relevance of Free Radicals to the Ethanol-Induced Disorders in Membrane Lipids

1990 ◽  
pp. 309-315
Author(s):  
Roger Nordmann ◽  
Catherine Ribière ◽  
Hélène Rouach
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Membrane Lipids

The Role of Free Radicals and Membrane Lipids in Diabetes-Induced Congenital Malformations

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 178-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Albert Reece ◽  
Carol J. Homko ◽  
Ying-King Wu ◽  
Arnon Wiznitzer
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Membrane Lipids

scholarly journals Phytotherapeutic antioxidants

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tulika Mishra ◽  
Ananda Kumar Kondepati ◽  
Shalini Devaprasad Pasumarthi ◽  
Gurmit Singh Chilana ◽  
Suresh Devabhaktuni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Cardiovascular Disorder ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
Health Related ◽  
And Function ◽  
Relationship Of

Plants have always been an integrated part of human life, whether we discuss about providing food or we about their medicinal value. Ethnomedicines have led to the discovery of many valuable drugs against various diseases. It has been postulated that most of the disease are related to immune system which is affected by imbalance balance between antioxidants and prooxidants or free radicals. Free radicals are the chemical entities capable of independent existence that contain one/more unpaired electrons and can be balanced by antioxidants. Antioxidants maintain the integrity and function of membrane lipids, cellular proteins, and nucleic acids and the control of signal transduction of gene expression in immune cells. For this reason, the immune cells are particularly sensitive to changes in their antioxidant status. Whenever there is imbalance between prooxidant and antioxidants they can lead to many diseases and even ameliorate the severity of disease like Alzheimer, cardiovascular disorder, cancer etc. There are evidences showing usage of plants as a potent source of antioxidants has provided a lot of support in combating various diseases, without any side effect. Various Bioflavonoids, Carotenoids, Hydroxycinnamates etc helps in scavenging the free radicals and thus proved to be immunostimulant. There are various mechanisms through which these Phyto antioxidants assisted against various disease. The present review is an attempt showing the relationship of free radicals with various diseases and immune system and the role of Phyto antioxidants against various health related conditions.

scholarly journals Antioxidant potentials of polyphenolic extracts from leaves of trees and fruit bushes

2011 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylwia Cyboran ◽  
Dorota Bonarska-Kujawa ◽  
Ireneusz Kapusta ◽  
Jan Oszmiański ◽  
Halina Kleszczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Erythrocyte Ghosts ◽  
Quercetin Derivatives ◽  
Apple Leaves ◽  
High Antioxidant Activity

Antioxidant potentials of polyphenolic extracts from leaves of trees and fruit bushesThe aim of the work was to determine the antioxidant potential of extracts from leaves of strawberry, blackcurrant and apple in relation to lipids contained in the erythrocyte membrane. The studies performed have shown that the substances used protect membrane lipids against oxidation, clearly reducing the level of free radicals in erythrocyte ghosts suspension. The antioxidant activity of the substances studied follows the sequence: strawberry leaves > apple leaves > blackcurrant leaves. The results of the research on the antioxidant activity when confronted with the contents of polyphenols in the extracts indicates that the antioxidant potentials of the extracts depend both on the quantity and kind of individual polyphenols; in particular, on the kind and quantity of quercetin derivatives that constitute over 60 % of all the phenolic compounds. Moreover, the high antioxidant activity of the extracts may be also due to other, nonphenolic substances that occur in leaves. The extracts exhibit very good properties as free radical scavenges, and can thus be used as cheap, easily available, natural antioxidants in the industries where natural antioxidants in the form of fruit extracts have been used for long.

scholarly journals Erythrocyte osmotic fragility test as the measure of defence against free radicals in rabbits of different age

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Brzezińska-Ślebodzińska
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Osmotic Fragility ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Peroxyl Radicals ◽  
Antioxidant Defence System

Peroxidation of the unsaturated bonds of membrane lipids increases fragility and cellular lysis of red blood cells. Erythrocyte susceptibility to the free radicals (peroxyl radicals) generated in vitro by 2,2′-azo-bis(2-amidinopropane) hydrochloride (AAPH) was evaluated and expressed as 50% maximal haemolysis time (HT50) in 3 groups of rabbits of different age. Erythrocytes of 1.5-month-old rabbits were more sensitive to free radicals than those of 3.5- and 6-month-old ones. In the three groups, significant negative correlation (r = −0.8 to −0.98) between the lipid peroxidation rate (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; TBARS concentration) in blood plasma and the erythrocyte resistance to free radicals was found. This result suggests that the plasma antioxidant defence system is interrelated with that of the red blood cells and that the erythrocytes can be a good model for studies of oxidative stress. The simple haemolysis test reflecting the free radical defence can be useful for evaluating the antioxidant properties of various compounds.

Oxygen free radicals in nephrology

1987 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 379-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Canavese ◽  
P. Stratta ◽  
A. Vercellone
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Oxygen Free Radicals ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Potential Toxicity ◽  
Practical Possibility ◽  
Clinical Verification ◽  
Hydroxyl Hydrogen

For living creatures with an aerobic metabolism, the univalent reduction of oxygen can lead to formation within the cell of intermediate products with marked chemical instability and strong potential toxicity. These are the free radicals (FR) superoxide and hydroxyl, hydrogen peroxide and the singlet 1O2. Their toxicity is primarily expressed through the peroxidation of membrane lipids, resulting in mitochondrial, lysosomal and parietal damage. It is enhanced by the presence of metals in trace amounts. Imbalance between the production of FR and the availability of FR scavengers (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, etc.) may underlie different human pathologies. FR have been thought to play a part in inflammation; the aging process, carcinomatous transformations, damage due to recirculation and autoimmune diseases. As far as the kidney is concerned, the intervention of FR has been demonstrated or can be postulated in various contexts in the light of what has been observed in other pathologies: immunological nephritis, toxic nephropathies, microthrombotic and microangiopathic processes, damage caused by post-ischemic reflow, and problems in the preservation and rejection of transplants. FR have also been incriminated in lung lesions following intradialytic leukostasis and some aspects of toxicity ascribable to uremia. Subject to the precautions imposed by the need for theoretical, experimental and clinical verification, FR biochemistry offers new keys to the interpretation of a variety of kidney pathologies and opens up new prospects for treatment, both through a better understanding of the mechanism of action of drugs already known and employed, and with regard to the practical possibility of using alternative or combined forms of therapy.

Oxidative Stress, Antioxidant Status, and the Contracting Diaphragm

1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Lawler ◽  
Scott K. Powers
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Respiratory Muscles ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Key Words Aging ◽  
Oxygen Species

Reactive oxygen species, including free radicals, are produced through a number of biochemical reactions, often as a consequence of aerobic metabolism. A system of antioxidant enzymes and scavenger substrates provides protection of membrane lipids, proteins, and DNA. An imbalance between production of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant protection results in "oxidative stress." Oxidative stress is believed to contribute to numerous pathological conditions including atherosclerosis, obstructive lung disease, aging, and fatigue of skeletal muscles including the diaphragm. Strenuous exercise, inflammation, infection, obstructive lung diseases, etc. increase exposure of the diaphragm to reactive oxygen species. Emerging data indicate that reactive oxygen species alter diaphragm contractions primarily in response to low-frequency stimulation. The response of the diaphragm is profoundly influenced by the degree of oxidative stress, fatigue state, glutathione status, and age. Exercise training results in an upregulation of antioxidant enzyme activities in the diaphragm and thus could provide additional protection against oxidative stress. Key words: aging, excitation-contraction coupling, exercise, fatigue, free radicals, glutathione peroxidase, oxidation/reduction, reactive oxygen species, respiratory muscles, skeletal muscle, superoxide dismutase

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