Whisky eller tonic? Narrativ eksistensteologi

At least since Svend Bjerg’s doctoral dissertation, narrative and existentialist theology has, in a Danish context, been considered to be fundamentally opposed to each other. The main goal of the present article is to question this dichotomy. The theoretical foundation for this is an evaluation of the strength of Bjerg’s critique of Rudolf Bultmann and his program of demythologization. This is succeeded by a new interpretation of Johannes Sløk’s authorship focusing on the category of ‘proclamation’, which points to the practical possibility of formulating a narrative existentialist theology, utilizing insights from both theological traditions.

ABOUT SOME FEATURES OF EXPLOSIVE WELDING OF LARGE THICKNESS ALUMINUM WITH STEEL

The practical possibility of obtaining by explosive welding at one time of large plate aluminum with steel with a joint strength of more than 100 MPa is shown.

Vaccines against COVID-19 – Catching the Rays of Hope

COVID-19 pandemic has affected the world in all its dimensions. With herd immunity being a distant and non-practical possibility, vaccination remains most tractable approach to reduce morbidity and mortality. Several early phase clinical trials have proved the immunogenicity of vaccines. The efficacy trials have shown reduction in chance of acquiring COVID-19 disease after vaccination. The vaccines approved for emergency use have reported efficacy above 50% thus making them important public health tool in controlling the pandemic. Nevertheless, several questions remain elusive such as whether these approved vaccines are effective against newer variants of the virus; whether vaccination prevents transmission of the virus in the community; clinical impact of vaccination on morbidity and mortality. This review aims to elucidate the status of vaccine candidates in advanced trials along with the vaccines, which have been granted emergency approvals. Further, we collate the data on vaccines efficacy phase 3 trials and their probability of efficacy against newer variants.

A collection of easily deployable adversarial traffic sign stickers

The emergence of new autonomous driving systems and functions – in particular, systems that base their decisions on the output of machine learning subsystems responsible for environment perception – brings a significant change in the risks to the safety and security of transportation. These kinds of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems are vulnerable to new types of malicious attacks, and their properties are often not well understood. This paper demonstrates the theoretical and practical possibility of deliberate physical adversarial attacks against deep learning perception systems in general, with a focus on safety-critical driver assistance applications such as traffic sign classification in particular. Our newly developed traffic sign stickers are different from other similar methods insofar that they require no special knowledge or precision in their creation and deployment, thus they present a realistic and severe threat to traffic safety and security. In this paper we preemptively point out the dangers and easily exploitable weaknesses that current and future systems are bound to face.

ADVERTISING IN SOCIAL NETWORKS: STUDYING THE IMPACT ON THE CONSUMER IN THE SEMIOTIC PARADIGM

The purpose of the article is to expand the understanding of the impact of advertising in social networks on consumers in the aspect of the semiotic paradigm. The authors presented the dynamic effects of advertising exposure on consumers in social networks, which can deepen the understanding of the nature and effectiveness of this method of advertising. The article demonstrates the theoretical basis for using the semiotic triangle for advertising on social networks. This broadens the understanding of the dynamic effects of advertising on social networks arising from the influence of two factors: social support and social presence. The data obtained indicate the practical possibility of using the semiotic paradigm when creating advertising in social networks through the mechanism of mental interaction. The study proves that the mental activity of users is a measurable parameter when studying the impact of advertising on social networks. The data obtained will allow advertisers to create a mechanism for mental interaction between users and advertising on social networks.

Experimental Control of a Reaction Occurring during the Interaction between Chicken Anemia Virus (CAV) and Its Corresponding Antibodies

In our ongoing investigations, we have studied a specific interaction between electromagnetic fields and matter – the so-called Electromagnetic echo effect (EMEE). It enables rapid and contactless investigations of gases, liquids and solids to be performed, since the signal generated as a result of the effect is quite sensitive to all kinds of changes occurring within the studied samples. The effect can be considered universal for all matter and provides analysis in real time. We use this phenomenon to demonstrate the practical possibility to control reactions, occurring between Chicken anemia virus (CAV) and the corresponding antibodies. This methodology can be used for simple but reliable control of similar, otherwise hard to detect, antigen-antibody reactions, in order to confirm the presence of a certain viral species. The approach offers a high level of safety, since it enables measurements to be taken remotely, thus limiting exposure to contagion. We further discuss the possibility to register the presence of SARS-nCoV-2 in an attempt to address current global pandemic.

Theoretical Aspects in Spanish>English Translation for University Students: Monitoring Teaching Tools and Further Suggestions for Translation Students

Spanish>English Translation for Spanish students is one of the most challenging subjects for non-native English translators. Thanks to these subjects, university students have a practical possibility to translate texts from several general and specialised topics. Owing to this fact, every theoretical study is important in other to reach optimal results in these practical courses. Unfortunately, the COVID19 outbreak at the end of the year 2019 and its subsequent worldwide spread has brought additional adaptations to our university studies. The aim of this study is to explain how these adaptations were introduced in our practical subject “Traducción General C2. Inglés” (General Translation C2. English), which focuses on Spanish>English Translation, and taught in the third course of Translation and Interpreting studies at the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain. In addition to this, this research includes some translation methods and conclusions observed during the course: analysis of Translation Cards of every text included in the subject, how the students mentioned problems and comments of every text, and how these problems can be corrected in the subject by considering every feedback from students and teachers. This final objective can, therefore, bring to light essential aspects coming from both sides of the translation teaching process in our universities.

New wine in old bottles: applicability of the rules on attribution to cyberattacks committed against objects of critical infrastructure

Growing number of cyberattacks committed by states or with their support testifies to the need of legal attribution for the purposeof international responsibility. Tallin Manual that comprises authoritative findings on how the attribution rules should be applied raisesa serious concern about the practical possibility to establish attribution. The main reason for this concern may be found in the nature ofcyberspace that is characterized by anonymity, spoofing and targeting from the territory of other states etc.The rules of Tallinn Manual reiterated the provisions of ARSIWA and do not evidence about the existence of lex specialis forcyberattacks attribution. Pursuant to them, states are responsible for actions of their de facto and de jure organs empowered to exercisethe elements of governmental functions, private actors within their effective control or for the violation of due diligence obligations.This article argues that there is no necessity to change the rules on attribution, but, due to limited human and technical resourcesof most states, a special body for technical attribution should be created. The author analyses the different proposals that foresees amembership of states or fully excludes it. Notwithstanding a model, which may be chosen, there should be a variety of technical exper -tise and limitations of states ability to impact a decision concerning the choice of a case and its outcomes.

New wine in old bottles: applicability of the rules on attribution to cyberattacks committed against objects of critical infrastructure

Growing number of cyberattacks committed by states or with their support testifies to the need of legal attribution for the purposeof international responsibility. Tallin Manual that comprises authoritative findings on how the attribution rules should be applied raisesa serious concern about the practical possibility to establish attribution. The main reason for this concern may be found in the nature ofcyberspace that is characterized by anonymity, spoofing and targeting from the territory of other states etc.The rules of Tallinn Manual reiterated the provisions of ARSIWA and do not evidence about the existence of lex specialis forcyberattacks attribution. Pursuant to them, states are responsible for actions of their de facto and de jure organs empowered to exercisethe elements of governmental functions, private actors within their effective control or for the violation of due diligence obligations.This article argues that there is no necessity to change the rules on attribution, but, due to limited human and technical resourcesof most states, a special body for technical attribution should be created. The author analyses the different proposals that foresees amembership of states or fully excludes it. Notwithstanding a model, which may be chosen, there should be a variety of technical exper -tise and limitations of states ability to impact a decision concerning the choice of a case and its outcomes.

Nussbaum’s Concept of Cosmopolitanism: Practical Possibility or Academic Delusion?

In this paper, we explore Martha Nussbaum’s version of cosmopolitanism and evaluate its potential to reduce the growing global discord we currently confront. We begin the paper by elucidating the concept of cosmopolitanism in historical and contemporary terms, and then review some of the major criticisms of Nussbaum’s position. Finally, we suggest that Nussbaum’s vision of cosmopolitanism, in spite of its morally noble intentions, faces overwhelming philosophical and practical difficulties that undermine its ultimate tenability as an approach to resolving international conflict.