The Venturi Tube as a Liquefied-Gas Flow Measuring Device

1960 ◽  
pp. 282-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Purcell ◽  
A. F. Schmidt ◽  
R. B. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Gas Flow ◽  
Venturi Tube ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Liquefied Gas

Computational study of unsteady gas flow in the combustion chamber of a ramjet engine with heat transfer

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-61
Author(s):  
Надежда Петровна Скибина
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Supersonic Flow ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Heat Conducting ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Ramjet Engine ◽  
Mach Numbers

Проведено численное исследование нестационарного турбулентного сверхзвукового течения в камере сгорания прямоточного воздушно-реактивного двигателя. Описана методика экспериментального измерения температуры на стенке осесимметричного канала в камере сгорания двигателя. Математическое моделирование обтекания исследуемой модели двигателя проводилось для скоростей набегающего потока M = 5 ... 7. Начальные и граничные условия задачи соответствовали реальному аэродинамическому эксперименту. Проанализированы результаты численного расчета. Рассмотрено изменение распределения температуры вдоль стенки канала с течением времени. Проведена оценка согласованности полученных экспериментальных данных с результатами математического моделирования. Purpose. The aim of this study is a numerical simulation of unsteady supersonic gas flow in a working path of ramjet engine under conditions identical to aerodynamic tests. Free stream velocity corresponding to Mach numbers M=5 ... 7 are considered. Methodology. Presented study addresses the methods of physical and numerical simulation. The probing device for thermometric that allows to recording the temperature values along the wall of internal duct was proposed. To describe the motion of a viscous heat-conducting gas the unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier - Stokes equations are considered. The flow turbulence is accounted by the modified SST model. The problem was solved in ANSYS Fluent using finite-volume method. The initial and boundary conditions for unsteady calculation are set according to conditions of real aerodynamic tests. The coupled heat transfer for supersonic flow and elements of ramjet engine model are realized by setting of thermophysical properties of materials. The reliability testing of numerical simulation has been made to compare the results of calculations and the data of thermometric experimental tests. Findings. Numerical simulation of aerodynamic tests for ramjet engine was carried out. The agreement between the results of numerical calculations and experimental measurements for the velocity in the channel under consideration was obtained; the error was shown to be 2%. The temperature values were obtained in the area of contact of the supersonic flow with the surface of the measuring device for the external incident flow velocities for Mach numbers M = 5 ... 7. The process of heating the material in the channel that simulated the section of the engine combustion chamber was analyzed. The temperature distribution was studied depending on the position of the material layer under consideration relative to the contact zone with the flow. Value. In the course of the work, the fields of flow around the model of a ramjet engine were obtained, including the region of supersonic flow in the inner part of axisymmetric channel. The analysis of the temperature fields showed that to improve the quality of the results, it is necessary to take into account the depth of the calorimetric sensor. The obtained results will be used to estimate the time of interaction of the supersonic flow with the fuel surface required to reach the combustion temperature.

Wet Gas Flow Measurement Base on a Symmetrical Venturi Tube

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lide Fang ◽  
Lili Pang ◽  
Xiaoting Li ◽  
Xiuming Xiang ◽  
Qinghua Lu
Keyword(s):  
Flow Measurement ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Venturi Tube ◽  
Wet Gas ◽  
Measurement Base

scholarly journals Detecting Process Anomalies in the GMAW Process by Acoustic Sensing with a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for Classification

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Maximilian Rohe ◽  
Benedict Niklas Stoll ◽  
Jörg Hildebrand ◽  
Jan Reimann ◽  
Jean Pierre Bergmann
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Shielding Gas ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Flow Rates

Today, the quality of welded seams is often examined off-line with either destructive or non-destructive testing. These test procedures are time-consuming and therefore costly. This is especially true if the welds are not welded accurately due to process anomalies. In manual welding, experienced welders are able to detect process anomalies by listening to the sound of the welding process. In this paper, an approach to transfer the “hearing” of an experienced welder into an automated testing process is presented. An acoustic measuring device for recording audible sound is installed for this purpose on a fully automated welding fixture. The processing of the sound information by means of machine learning methods enables in-line process control. Existing research results until now show that the arc is the main sound source. However, both the outflow of the shielding gas and the wire feed emit sound information. Other investigations describe welding irregularities by evaluating and assessing existing sound recordings. Descriptive analysis was performed to find a connection between certain sound patterns and welding irregularities. Recent contributions have used machine learning to identify the degree of welding penetration. The basic assumption of the presented investigations is that process anomalies are the cause of welding irregularities. The focus was on detecting deviating shielding gas flow rates based on audio recordings, processed by a convolutional neural network (CNN). After adjusting the hyperparameters of the CNN it was capable of distinguishing between different flow rates of shielding gas.

Experimental Analysis of Venturi-Tube Behavior in Wet Gas Conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olav Mehlum ◽  
Øyvind Hundseid ◽  
Lars E. Bakken
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Volume Flow Rate ◽  
Venturi Tube ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Wet Gas ◽  
Compressor Inlet

Abstract Subsea wet gas compressors have been successfully in operation for approximately 5 years. Their use has proven to increase the recovery by approximately 10% and achieve a reliability up to 98%. Further developed and operation of subsea wet gas compression require detailed knowledge of compressor operability and how shift in operational conditions affect the compressor system. The compressors ability to handle wet gas is documented in detail for a gas volume fraction limited down to 0.90. The 4–5 last year of operation proves the wet gas concepts capability. As years pass by, well pressure and production rate declines which causes the compressor operation point to shift towards the high head and low flow (surge) area of the characteristics. In addition, compressor inlet transients increase due to pipe surge (slugs), requiring a robust control system to prevent instabilities, e.g. compressor surge. It is therefore vital to understand how the compressor inlet flow device behaves at different wet operation conditions. The article documents how a standard dry gas venturi tube behave at different wet gas operation conditions. The venturi is designed according to ISO5167-4 for dry gas conditions and is tested at the low-pressure air water compressor test rig at NTNU. The primary objective of the work has been to visualize the wet flow regime through the transparent venturi tube and to document the wet gas flow rate measurements by means of single-phase meters. The venturi tube is tested in a GMF range from 1 to 0.83 at an air volume flow rate of 1.3m3/s.

Measuring Threshold Pressure of Melt Magnesium Infiltrating into Al2O3sf Porous Preform with Fast Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 783-786 ◽  
pp. 1609-1614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Ming Zhou ◽  
Xue Hua Gu ◽  
Fang Yang ◽  
Le Hua Qi
Keyword(s):  
Gas Flow ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Flow Speed ◽  
Fast Method ◽  
Threshold Pressure ◽  
Az91d Alloy ◽  
Infiltration Process ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Porous Preform ◽  
Vacuum Degree

Threshold pressure is a very important parameter for melt alloy successfully infiltrating into the porous preform. However, the precise measurement for threshold pressure is very difficult for the reason that infiltration process is undertaken very fast under extreme elevated temperature and high pressure without effective measuring devices to monitor it. A totally new measuring device was proposed and fabricated, which can be used to monitor the infiltration process “visually” and measure the threshold pressure directly at the same time. The infiltration speed can be controlled by adjusting the gas flow speed. The infiltration behavior of melt AZ91D alloy in Al2O3sf preform was researched at temperature of 800°C and pressure of 0.6 MPa. The optimized gas velocity was controlled at 25L/min. The degree of vacuum of the infiltration cavity was set 30kPa in experiments. The volume fraction of Al2O3sf was 10%. Under these conditions, the threshold pressure of melt AZ91D alloy into porous Al2O3sf preform was found to be related with vacuum degree in infiltration chamber, and it was about 30 kPa

scholarly journals Working Principle of Gas Turbine Meter Fluxi 2000/TZ and Gas Volume Converter

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 90-93
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Flow Meter ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Flow Meters ◽  
Working Principle ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Gas Volume

The use of natural gas in several countries, especially in Indonesia is essential. In gas distribution, every industry and household will not be separated from the measurement system that aims to find out how much natural gas has been used. For this reason, the use of a gas flow meter is necessary. There are several types of gas flow meter can be used in measuring the gas volume. Some types of gas flow meters are gas turbine meters, rotary gas meters and diaphragm gas meters. The primary difference of each type of gas flow meter is the pressure capacity and the speed of the gas flow through it. Flow meter gas turbine is one type of gas flow rate measuring device. There are moving parts consisting of a propeller whose rotation speed is proportional to the flow rate through the flow meter. The type of gas turbine meter is Fluxi 2000/TZ. Fluxi 2000/TZ is designed to measure natural gas and various non-corrosive gases. This tool can be used to measure low gas flow and high gas flow. This tool can also be used to measure flow under various pressure conditions. Corus is the name of the type of gas volume converter. Corus is one instrument that supports the reading process of various gas meters, and one of them is a gas turbine meter. Corus is designed to achieve high levels of performance and accuracy from robust electronic equipment so that the results of reading the fluid volume available on the gas turbine meter can be calculated more accurately regard to the amount of temperature, pressure and compressibility. The working principle and characteristics of the two instruments make the measurements more accurate.

An Evaluation of Velocity Probes for Measuring Non-Uniform Gas Flow in Large Ducts

1979 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 655-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Gerhart ◽  
S. P. Nuspl ◽  
C. O. Wood ◽  
S. W. Lovejoy
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Test Section ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Venturi Tube ◽  
Centrifugal Fan ◽  
Nonuniform Flow ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Measuring Station ◽  
Downstream Section

An investigation into the suitability of several types of velocity probes in current use for measurement of nonuniform flow in large ducts is described. An experimental duct was fabricated with a test section near the discharge of a centrifugal fan. Different flow rates were obtained by using an adjustable throttle plate at the duct outlet. The flow rate in the duct was also measured at a downstream section located nine diameters from the fan. A flow straightener was located between the fan and this measuring station; the flow rate measured at this section was assumed to be the true flow rate in the duct. Six different velocity probes of five different designs were used to measure the flow at the fan discharge. The probes were 1) Pitot-static tube, 2) Kiel (Pitot-venturi) tube, 3) Forward-reverse tube (2 tubes), 4) Fechheimer (three hole yaw probe), and 5) turbine meter probe. Of these, only the Fechheimer is capable of measuring the direction of the flow. The best results were produced by the Fechheimer probe. This is felt to be due to this probe’s ability to measure direction as well as speed. It is recommended that only probes which are capable of sensing flow direction be used in highly nonuniform flows.

scholarly journals Measurement of Gas-Oil Two-Phase Flow Patterns by Using CNN Algorithm Based on Dual ECT Sensors with Venturi Tube

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuoqun Xu ◽  
Fan Wu ◽  
Xinmeng Yang ◽  
Yi Li
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Flow Patterns ◽  
Venturi Tube ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Oil Flow ◽  
Oil Gas

In modern society, the oil industry has become the foundation of the world economy, and how to efficiently extract oil is a pressing problem. Among them, the accurate measurement of oil-gas two-phase parameters is one of the bottlenecks in oil extraction technology. It is found that through the experiment the flow patterns of the oil-gas two-phase flow will change after passing through the venturi tube with the same flow rates. Under the different oil-gas flow rate, the change will be diverse. Being motivated by the above experiments, we use the dual ECT sensors to collect the capacitance values before and after the venturi tube, respectively. Additionally, we use the linear projection algorithm (LBP) algorithm to reconstruct the image of flow patterns. This paper discusses the relationship between the change of flow patterns and the flow rates. Furthermore, a convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm is proposed to predict the oil flow rate, gas flow rate, and GVF (gas void fraction, especially referring to sectional gas fraction) of the two-phase flow. We use ElasticNet regression as the loss function to effectively avoid possible overfitting problems. In actual experiments, we compare the Typical-ECT-imaging-based-GVF algorithm and SVM (Support Vector Machine) algorithm with CNN algorithm based on three different ECT datasets. Three different sets of ECT data are used to predict the gas flow rate, oil flow rate, and GVF, and they are respectively using the venturi front-based ECT data only, while using the venturi behind-based ECT data and using both these data.

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