Soap Film Type Gas Flow Measuring Device Billy W. McArthur (to Sun Oil Co.) U.S. Pat. 3,248,941 (May 3, 1966)

1966 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 19A-20A
Keyword(s):  
Gas Flow ◽  
Soap Film ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Film Type

Computational study of unsteady gas flow in the combustion chamber of a ramjet engine with heat transfer

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-61
Author(s):  
Надежда Петровна Скибина
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Supersonic Flow ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Heat Conducting ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Ramjet Engine ◽  
Mach Numbers

Проведено численное исследование нестационарного турбулентного сверхзвукового течения в камере сгорания прямоточного воздушно-реактивного двигателя. Описана методика экспериментального измерения температуры на стенке осесимметричного канала в камере сгорания двигателя. Математическое моделирование обтекания исследуемой модели двигателя проводилось для скоростей набегающего потока M = 5 ... 7. Начальные и граничные условия задачи соответствовали реальному аэродинамическому эксперименту. Проанализированы результаты численного расчета. Рассмотрено изменение распределения температуры вдоль стенки канала с течением времени. Проведена оценка согласованности полученных экспериментальных данных с результатами математического моделирования. Purpose. The aim of this study is a numerical simulation of unsteady supersonic gas flow in a working path of ramjet engine under conditions identical to aerodynamic tests. Free stream velocity corresponding to Mach numbers M=5 ... 7 are considered. Methodology. Presented study addresses the methods of physical and numerical simulation. The probing device for thermometric that allows to recording the temperature values along the wall of internal duct was proposed. To describe the motion of a viscous heat-conducting gas the unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier - Stokes equations are considered. The flow turbulence is accounted by the modified SST model. The problem was solved in ANSYS Fluent using finite-volume method. The initial and boundary conditions for unsteady calculation are set according to conditions of real aerodynamic tests. The coupled heat transfer for supersonic flow and elements of ramjet engine model are realized by setting of thermophysical properties of materials. The reliability testing of numerical simulation has been made to compare the results of calculations and the data of thermometric experimental tests. Findings. Numerical simulation of aerodynamic tests for ramjet engine was carried out. The agreement between the results of numerical calculations and experimental measurements for the velocity in the channel under consideration was obtained; the error was shown to be 2%. The temperature values were obtained in the area of contact of the supersonic flow with the surface of the measuring device for the external incident flow velocities for Mach numbers M = 5 ... 7. The process of heating the material in the channel that simulated the section of the engine combustion chamber was analyzed. The temperature distribution was studied depending on the position of the material layer under consideration relative to the contact zone with the flow. Value. In the course of the work, the fields of flow around the model of a ramjet engine were obtained, including the region of supersonic flow in the inner part of axisymmetric channel. The analysis of the temperature fields showed that to improve the quality of the results, it is necessary to take into account the depth of the calorimetric sensor. The obtained results will be used to estimate the time of interaction of the supersonic flow with the fuel surface required to reach the combustion temperature.

The Venturi Tube as a Liquefied-Gas Flow Measuring Device

1960 ◽  
pp. 282-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Purcell ◽  
A. F. Schmidt ◽  
R. B. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Gas Flow ◽  
Venturi Tube ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Liquefied Gas

scholarly journals Detecting Process Anomalies in the GMAW Process by Acoustic Sensing with a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for Classification

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Maximilian Rohe ◽  
Benedict Niklas Stoll ◽  
Jörg Hildebrand ◽  
Jan Reimann ◽  
Jean Pierre Bergmann
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Shielding Gas ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Flow Rates

Today, the quality of welded seams is often examined off-line with either destructive or non-destructive testing. These test procedures are time-consuming and therefore costly. This is especially true if the welds are not welded accurately due to process anomalies. In manual welding, experienced welders are able to detect process anomalies by listening to the sound of the welding process. In this paper, an approach to transfer the “hearing” of an experienced welder into an automated testing process is presented. An acoustic measuring device for recording audible sound is installed for this purpose on a fully automated welding fixture. The processing of the sound information by means of machine learning methods enables in-line process control. Existing research results until now show that the arc is the main sound source. However, both the outflow of the shielding gas and the wire feed emit sound information. Other investigations describe welding irregularities by evaluating and assessing existing sound recordings. Descriptive analysis was performed to find a connection between certain sound patterns and welding irregularities. Recent contributions have used machine learning to identify the degree of welding penetration. The basic assumption of the presented investigations is that process anomalies are the cause of welding irregularities. The focus was on detecting deviating shielding gas flow rates based on audio recordings, processed by a convolutional neural network (CNN). After adjusting the hyperparameters of the CNN it was capable of distinguishing between different flow rates of shielding gas.

Measuring Threshold Pressure of Melt Magnesium Infiltrating into Al2O3sf Porous Preform with Fast Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 783-786 ◽  
pp. 1609-1614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Ming Zhou ◽  
Xue Hua Gu ◽  
Fang Yang ◽  
Le Hua Qi
Keyword(s):  
Gas Flow ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Flow Speed ◽  
Fast Method ◽  
Threshold Pressure ◽  
Az91d Alloy ◽  
Infiltration Process ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Porous Preform ◽  
Vacuum Degree

Threshold pressure is a very important parameter for melt alloy successfully infiltrating into the porous preform. However, the precise measurement for threshold pressure is very difficult for the reason that infiltration process is undertaken very fast under extreme elevated temperature and high pressure without effective measuring devices to monitor it. A totally new measuring device was proposed and fabricated, which can be used to monitor the infiltration process “visually” and measure the threshold pressure directly at the same time. The infiltration speed can be controlled by adjusting the gas flow speed. The infiltration behavior of melt AZ91D alloy in Al2O3sf preform was researched at temperature of 800°C and pressure of 0.6 MPa. The optimized gas velocity was controlled at 25L/min. The degree of vacuum of the infiltration cavity was set 30kPa in experiments. The volume fraction of Al2O3sf was 10%. Under these conditions, the threshold pressure of melt AZ91D alloy into porous Al2O3sf preform was found to be related with vacuum degree in infiltration chamber, and it was about 30 kPa

scholarly journals Working Principle of Gas Turbine Meter Fluxi 2000/TZ and Gas Volume Converter

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 90-93
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Flow Meter ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Flow Meters ◽  
Working Principle ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Gas Volume

The use of natural gas in several countries, especially in Indonesia is essential. In gas distribution, every industry and household will not be separated from the measurement system that aims to find out how much natural gas has been used. For this reason, the use of a gas flow meter is necessary. There are several types of gas flow meter can be used in measuring the gas volume. Some types of gas flow meters are gas turbine meters, rotary gas meters and diaphragm gas meters. The primary difference of each type of gas flow meter is the pressure capacity and the speed of the gas flow through it. Flow meter gas turbine is one type of gas flow rate measuring device. There are moving parts consisting of a propeller whose rotation speed is proportional to the flow rate through the flow meter. The type of gas turbine meter is Fluxi 2000/TZ. Fluxi 2000/TZ is designed to measure natural gas and various non-corrosive gases. This tool can be used to measure low gas flow and high gas flow. This tool can also be used to measure flow under various pressure conditions. Corus is the name of the type of gas volume converter. Corus is one instrument that supports the reading process of various gas meters, and one of them is a gas turbine meter. Corus is designed to achieve high levels of performance and accuracy from robust electronic equipment so that the results of reading the fluid volume available on the gas turbine meter can be calculated more accurately regard to the amount of temperature, pressure and compressibility. The working principle and characteristics of the two instruments make the measurements more accurate.

TEM evaluation of graded SixGe1-x heterolayers

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 894-895
Author(s):  
N. David Theodore ◽  
Mamoru Tomozane ◽  
Ming Liaw
Keyword(s):  
Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Field Effect Transistors ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Bipolar Transistors ◽  
Structural Quality ◽  
Weak Beam ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
And Behavior

There is extensive interest in SiGe for use in heterojunction bipolar transistors. SiGe/Si superlattices are also of interest because of their potential for use in infrared detectors and field-effect transistors. The processing required for these materials is quite compatible with existing silicon technology. However, before SiGe can be used extensively for devices, there is a need to understand and then control the origin and behavior of defects in the materials. The present study was aimed at investigating the structural quality of, and the behavior of defects in, graded SiGe layers grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD).The structures investigated in this study consisted of Si1-xGex[x=0.16]/Si1-xGex[x= 0.14, 0.13, 0.12, 0.10, 0.09, 0.07, 0.05, 0.04, 0.005, 0]/epi-Si/substrate heterolayers grown by CVD. The Si1-xGex layers were isochronally grown [t = 0.4 minutes per layer], with gas-flow rates being adjusted to control composition. Cross-section TEM specimens were prepared in the 110 geometry. These were then analyzed using two-beam bright-field, dark-field and weak-beam images. A JEOL JEM 200CX transmission electron microscope was used, operating at 200 kV.

Electron Microscopy/Diffraction Study of the Ternary Mn-Er-S System

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-77
Author(s):  
A. R. Landa Canovas ◽  
L.C. Otero Diaz ◽  
T. White ◽  
B.G. Hyde
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Graphite Crucible ◽  
Nominal Composition ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Alumina Crucible ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Intermediate Phases ◽  
Twin Band ◽  
Ar Gas

X-Ray diffraction revealed two intermediate phases in the system MnS+Er2S3,:MnEr2S4= MnS.Er2S3, and MnEr4S7= MnS.2Er2S3. Their structures may be described as NaCl type, chemically twinned at the unit cell level, and isostructural with CaTi2O4, and Y5S7 respectively; i.e. {l13} NaCl twin band widths are (4,4) and (4,3).The present study was to search for structurally-related (twinned B.) structures and or possible disorder, using the more sensitive and appropiate technigue of electron microscopy/diffraction.A sample with nominal composition MnEr2S4 was made by heating Mn3O4 and Er2O3 in a graphite crucible and a 5% H2S in Ar gas flow at 1500°C for 4 hours. A small amount of this material was thenannealed, in an alumina crucible, contained in sealed evacuated silica tube, for 24 days at 1100°C. Both samples were studied by X-ray powder diffraction, and in JEOL 2000 FX and 4000 EX microscopes.

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