Structured Interviews and Diagnostic Systems

1992 ◽  
pp. 109-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leighton C. Whitaker
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Structured Interviews

Predictive Validity of Symptoms-Based Approaches to the Adjustment of High-Risk Children at School and in the Community

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 274-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roser Granero ◽  
Lourdes Ezpeleta ◽  
Nuria de la Osa ◽  
José María Doménech
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Attention Problems ◽  
Behavioral Disorder ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Dsm Iv

Objective: To compare the predictive validity of different diagnostic classifications for disruptive behavioral disorder (DBD) in youths aged 9 to 15 years of age: the DSM-IV categorical diagnosis, the number of DSM-IV DBD symptoms and Achenbach’s taxonomy (Child Behaviors Checklist scores for social problems, rule-breaking behaviors, aggressive behaviors, and attention problems). The incremental validity, after including clinical structured interviews with parents and children into models that contained CBCL scores, is reported. Method: Longitudinal study in a Spanish high-risk population, comparing each classification in 1 and 2-year follow-ups. Both predictors and criteria pertain to measures of the same class of behaviors: clinical information regarding impairment at school and community. Results: Predictive accuracy was dependent on the specific outcomes and the children’s age. The CBCL scores obtained the best predictive results. Dimensional approaches (the number of DSM-IV DBD symptoms and CBCL) obtained higher R2 values than categorical DSM-IV diagnosis. Assessment based on clinical interviews with family significantly increased the predictive validity of Achenbach’s taxonomy. Conclusions: These results provide guidance for detecting early disruptive behaviors and planning measures for the prevention of subsequent antisocial conduct. This work may provide direction to future validation studies of classifications and diagnostic systems for behavioral adjustment in youths.

The changing epidemiology of depression.

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 807-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
G L Klerman ◽  
M M Weissman
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Clinical Skill ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Duration Of Illness ◽  
Epidemiology Of Depression ◽  
Psychotherapeutic Techniques ◽  
New Research

Abstract At the clinical level, we have seen the emergence of a subspecialty of affective disorders within psychiatry. Mood clinics, depression units, and affective disorders centers are appearing in many academic and clinical settings, where clinical skill and knowledge can be concentrated and new research furthered. By using structured interviews and the newer diagnostic systems, systematic evaluation of patients has contributed to improved care. Greater skill in psychopharmacology and in specialized psychotherapeutic techniques has resulted in reduction of hospitalization and rates for depression, shortened duration of illness, and, in some instances, reports of reduction in suicide attempts and suicide deaths.

Definitions of Psychiatric Syndromes—Comparison in Hospital Patients and General Population

1985 ◽  
Vol 147 (5) ◽  
pp. 547-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Sashidharan
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
Hospital Patients

Four sets of commonly used ‘operational definitions' of psychiatric disorders were applied to clinical information, obtained on the basis of semi-structured interviews with samples of hospital in-patients, out-patients, and general population. The agreement among them in defining ‘cases' and in assigning specific diagnostic categories was examined. There was considerable variation among the diagnostic systems in distinguishing between ‘cases' and ‘non-cases' and in identifying sub-groups of cases as having specific diagnoses. Comparison of operationally defined syndrome categories with diagnoses assigned by clinicians also showed much disagreement.

Continuum of Care Following Sports-Related Concussion

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 1389-1403
Author(s):  
Jessica Brown ◽  
Kelly Knollman-Porter
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Sports Injuries ◽  
Continuum Of Care ◽  
Medical Professional ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Youth Athletes ◽  
Speech Language Pathologist ◽  
History Of ◽  
Injury Reporting

Purpose Although guidelines have changed regarding federally mandated concussion practices since their inception, little is known regarding the implementation of such guidelines and the resultant continuum of care for youth athletes participating in recreational or organized sports who incur concussions. Furthermore, data regarding the role of speech-language pathologists in the historic postconcussion care are lacking. Therefore, the purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the experiences of young adults with history of sports-related concussion as it related to injury reporting and received follow-up care. Method Participants included 13 young adults with history of at least one sports-related concussion across their life span. We implemented a mixed-methods design to collect both quantitative and qualitative information through structured interviews. Participants reported experiencing 42 concussions across the life span—26 subsequent to sports injuries. Results Twenty-three concussions were reported to a parent or medical professional, 14 resulted in a formal diagnosis, and participants received initial medical care for only 10 of the incidents and treatment or services on only two occasions. Participants reported concussions to an athletic trainer least frequently and to parents most frequently. Participants commented that previous experience with concussion reduced the need for seeking treatment or that they were unaware treatments or supports existed postconcussion. Only one concussion incident resulted in the care from a speech-language pathologist. Conclusion The results of the study reported herein shed light on the fidelity of sports-related concussion care management across time. Subsequently, we suggest guidelines related to continuum of care from injury to individualized therapy.

“Shhhh! Alex Has Something To Say”: AAC-SGD Use in the Classroom Setting

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 108-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa M. Mellman ◽  
Laura S. DeThorne ◽  
Julie A. Hengst
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽  
Classroom Community ◽  
Classroom Observations ◽  
Classroom Teachers ◽  
Classroom Setting ◽  
Alternative Communication ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Missed Opportunities

Abstract The present qualitative study was designed to examine augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) practices, particularly surrounding speech-generating devices (SGDs), in the classroom setting. We focused on three key child participants, their classroom teachers, and associated speech-language pathologists across three different schools. In addition to semi-structured interviews of all participants, six classroom observations per child were completed. Data were coded according to both pre-established and emergent themes. Four broad themes emerged: message-focused AAC use, social interactions within the classroom community, barriers to successful AAC-SGD use, and missed opportunities. Findings revealed a lack of SGD use in the classroom for two children as well as limited social interaction across all cases. We conclude by highlighting the pervasive sense of missed opportunities across these classroom observations and yet, at the same time, the striking resiliency of communicative effort in these cases.

Comparison of Alcohol Use Disorders in DSM and ICD

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-153
Author(s):  
Jessica W. M. Wong ◽  
Friedrich M. Wurst ◽  
Ulrich W. Preuss
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Historical Developments

Abstract. Introduction: With advances in medicine, our understanding of diseases has deepened and diagnostic criteria have evolved. Currently, the most frequently used diagnostic systems are the ICD (International Classification of Diseases) and the DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) to diagnose alcohol-related disorders. Results: In this narrative review, we follow the historical developments in ICD and DSM with their corresponding milestones reflecting the scientific research and medical considerations of their time. The current diagnostic concepts of DSM-5 and ICD-11 and their development are presented. Lastly, we compare these two diagnostic systems and evaluate their practicability in clinical use.

Different Forms of Work Satisfaction

1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Büssing ◽  
Thomas Bissels
Keyword(s):  
Work Satisfaction ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Extended Model ◽  
Work Situation ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Global Satisfaction ◽  
Evaluative Processes ◽  
The Right ◽  
Level Of Aspiration

The extended model of different forms of work satisfaction ( Büssing, 1991 ), originally proposed by Bruggemann (1974) , is suggested as a distinctive qualitative approach to work satisfaction. Six forms of work satisfaction—progressive, stabilized, resigned satisfaction, constructive, fixated, resigned dissatisfaction—are derived from the constellation of four constituent variables: comparison of the actual work situation and personal aspirations, global satisfaction, changes in level of aspiration, controllability at work. Preliminary evidence from semi-structured interviews with 46 nurses shows that the dynamic model is headed in the right direction (qualitative differentiation of consistently high propertions of satisfied employees, uncovering processes of person-work situation interaction). Qualitative methods demonstrated their usefulness in accessing underlying cognitive and evaluative processes of the forms, which are often neglected by traditional attitude-based satisfaction research.

Control in Flexible Working Arrangements

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia Gerdenitsch ◽  
Bettina Kubicek ◽  
Christian Korunka
Keyword(s):  
Self Determination Theory ◽  
Digital Natives ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Similar Extent ◽  
Decision Latitude ◽  
Media Technologies ◽  
Exploratory Approach ◽  
Flexible Working ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Supported by media technologies, today’s employees can increasingly decide when and where to work. The present study examines positive and negative aspects of this temporal and spatial flexibility, and the perceptions of control in these situations based on propositions of self-determination theory. Using an exploratory approach we conducted semi-structured interviews with 45 working digital natives. Participants described positive and negative situations separately for temporal and spatial flexibility, and rated the extent to which they felt autonomous and externally controlled. Situations appraised positively were best described by decision latitude, while negatively evaluated ones were best described by work–nonwork conflict. Positive situations were perceived as autonomous rather than externally controlled; negative situations were rated as autonomously and externally controlled to a similar extent.

The Psychophysiology of Anxiety and Mood Disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 225 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Lang ◽  
Lisa M. McTeague ◽  
Margaret M. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Physiological Reactivity ◽  
Research Domain Criteria ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Psychophysiological Reactivity ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
New Research ◽  
Research Domain

Abstract. Several decades of research are reviewed, assessing patterns of psychophysiological reactivity in anxiety patients responding to a fear/threat imagery challenge. Findings show substantive differences in these measures within principal diagnostic categories, questioning the reliability and categorical specificity of current diagnostic systems. Following a new research framework (US National Institute of Mental Health [NIMH], Research Domain Criteria [RDoC]; Cuthbert & Insel, 2013 ), dimensional patterns of physiological reactivity are explored in a large sample of anxiety and mood disorder patients. Patients’ responses (e.g., startle reflex, heart rate) during fear/threat imagery varied significantly with higher questionnaire measured “negative affect,” stress history, and overall life dysfunction – bio-marking disorder groups, independent of Diagnostic and Statistical Manuals (DSM). The review concludes with a description of new research, currently underway, exploring brain function indices (structure activation, circuit connectivity) as potential biological classifiers (collectively with the reflex physiology) of anxiety and mood pathology.

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