The Case History in a Cross-Cultural Milieu

During the course of each day, we meet many people and form quick judgments about not only their mood and general intelligence, but about their character and social background as well. Personal appearance, facial expression, body movement, and linguistic cues are but a few of the sources of data that we interpret. It has been a matter of much debate in the last fifty years as to whether these data are cross-culturally significant, or whether they have meaning only within a given cultural milieu. This study was an attempt to determine if linguistic cues of social status have such a cross-cultural significance.

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The Links Between Culture and OHS: A Literature Review

Labour Employment and Work in New Zealand ◽

10.26686/lew.v0i0.1648 ◽

1970 ◽

Author(s):

Felicity Lamm ◽

Edwina Pio

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Cultural Diversity ◽

Power Relations ◽

Ethnically Diverse ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

Employment Relations ◽

Cultural Milieu ◽

The Subject ◽

Workplace Fatalities

There is growing recognition that as workplaces become more culturally and ethnically diverse, OHS prevention and investigation must be seen within the context of a cross-cultural milieu. In particular, investigations into workplace fatalities, injuries and illnesses have indicated that many of the root causes are the lack of communication or the inability to make sense of the communication and where cultural diversity factors are at play. The focus of this paper, therefore, is: ''What evidence is there in the literature on the links between culture and OHS?” In particular, this paper identifies the key debates, strengths and weaknesses of the research on the topic. Finally it is argued that more attention is required on the subject of cultural diversity and its impact on OHS and employment relations in general which has implications for power relations between different groups/individuals in the workplace. Hence, further exploration of the significance of cultural diversity and communication and OHS is encouraged.

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Preaching Christianity Along the Silk Route: Missionary Outposts in the Tartar "Middle Kingdom" in the Fourteenth Century

Journal of Early Modern History ◽

10.1163/157006598x00027 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 350-373 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

James D. Ryan

Keyword(s):

Fourteenth Century ◽

Case History ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

Middle Kingdom ◽

Cultural Contact ◽

Silk Route ◽

Mongol Empire

AbstractThe activities of European missionaries of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, who penetrated Asia under protection afforded by the Pax Mongolica, provide a case history which illustrates the central role played by the silk route in facilitating cross-cultural contact. Using the accounts of the missionaries themselves, as well as correspondence and reports concerning their activities, this essay focuses on the mission in Chaghatai Khanate, a key part of the Mongol Empire, but one relatively neglected in histories of the Mongol world and of evangelizing.

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The sense of obligation is culturally modulated

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x19002371 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

Author(s):

Andrea Bender

Keyword(s):

Cultural Studies ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

Human Populations ◽

Cultural Group ◽

Target Article ◽

Sense Of Obligation ◽

Cross Cultural Studies

Abstract Tomasello argues in the target article that, in generalizing the concrete obligations originating from interdependent collaboration to one's entire cultural group, humans become “ultra-cooperators.” But are all human populations cooperative in similar ways? Based on cross-cultural studies and my own fieldwork in Polynesia, I argue that cooperation varies along several dimensions, and that the underlying sense of obligation is culturally modulated.

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Cognitive gadgets: A provocative but flawed manifesto

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x19001134 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Marco Del Giudice

Keyword(s):

Theory Of Mind ◽

Cultural Differences ◽

Twin Studies ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

Evolutionary Approach ◽

Genetic Inheritance ◽

Double Standards ◽

Cross Cultural Differences ◽

Cherry Picking ◽

Dichotomous Thinking

Abstract The argument against innatism at the heart of Cognitive Gadgets is provocative but premature, and is vitiated by dichotomous thinking, interpretive double standards, and evidence cherry-picking. I illustrate my criticism by addressing the heritability of imitation and mindreading, the relevance of twin studies, and the meaning of cross-cultural differences in theory of mind development. Reaching an integrative understanding of genetic inheritance, plasticity, and learning is a formidable task that demands a more nuanced evolutionary approach.

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Sociocultural memory development research drives new directions in gadgetry science

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x19000979 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

Author(s):

Penny Van Bergen ◽

John Sutton

Keyword(s):

Episodic Memory ◽

Autobiographical Memory ◽

Developmental Psychology ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

Memory Development ◽

Development Research ◽

Cultural Research ◽

New Directions ◽

Cross Cultural Research

Abstract Sociocultural developmental psychology can drive new directions in gadgetry science. We use autobiographical memory, a compound capacity incorporating episodic memory, as a case study. Autobiographical memory emerges late in development, supported by interactions with parents. Intervention research highlights the causal influence of these interactions, whereas cross-cultural research demonstrates culturally determined diversity. Different patterns of inheritance are discussed.

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Successful Implicit Vocabulary Intervention for Three Cantonese-Speaking Toddlers: A Replicated Single-Case Design

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/2020_jslhr-20-00087 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 63 (12) ◽

pp. 4148-4161

Author(s):

Christine S.-Y. Ng ◽

Stephanie F. Stokes ◽

Mary Alt

Keyword(s):

Single Case ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

Neighborhood Density ◽

Expressive Vocabulary ◽

Single Case Design ◽

Vocabulary Intervention ◽

Phonological Neighborhood Density ◽

Phonological Neighborhood ◽

And Control ◽

Case Design

Purpose We report on a replicated single-case design study that measured the feasibility of an expressive vocabulary intervention for three Cantonese-speaking toddlers with small expressive lexicons relative to their age. The aim was to assess the cross-cultural and cross-linguistic feasibility of an intervention method developed for English-speaking children. Method A nonconcurrent multiple-baseline design was used with four baseline data points and 16 intervention sessions per participant. The intervention design incorporated implicit learning principles, high treatment dosage, and control of the phonological neighborhood density of the stimuli. The children (24–39 months) attended 7–9 weeks of twice weekly input-based treatment in which no explicit verbal production was required from the child. Each target word was provided as input a minimum of 64 times in at least two intervention sessions. Treatment feasibility was measured by comparison of how many of the target and control words the child produced across the intervention period, and parent-reported expressive vocabulary checklists were completed for comparison of pre- and postintervention child spoken vocabulary size. An omnibus effect size for the treatment effect of the number of target and control words produced across time was calculated using Kendall's Tau. Results There was a significant treatment effect for target words learned in intervention relative to baselines, and all children produced significantly more target than control words across the intervention period. The effect of phonological neighborhood density on expressive word production could not be evaluated because two of the three children learned all target words. Conclusion The results provide cross-cultural evidence of the feasibility of a model of intervention that incorporated a high-dosage, cross-situational statistical learning paradigm to teach spoken word production to children with small expressive lexicons.

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Misophonia: An Evidence-Based Case Report

American Journal of Audiology ◽

10.1044/2020_aja-19-00111 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 685-690

Author(s):

C. S. Vanaja ◽

Miriam Soni Abigail

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Case Report ◽

Case History ◽

Pure Tone ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Management Option ◽

Pure Tone Audiogram

Purpose Misophonia is a sound tolerance disorder condition in certain sounds that trigger intense emotional or physiological responses. While some persons may experience misophonia, a few patients suffer from misophonia. However, there is a dearth of literature on audiological assessment and management of persons with misophonia. The purpose of this report is to discuss the assessment of misophonia and highlight the management option that helped a patient with misophonia. Method A case study of a 26-year-old woman with the complaint of decreased tolerance to specific sounds affecting quality of life is reported. Audiological assessment differentiated misophonia from hyperacusis. Management included retraining counseling as well as desensitization and habituation therapy based on the principles described by P. J. Jastreboff and Jastreboff (2014). A misophonia questionnaire was administered at regular intervals to monitor the effectiveness of therapy. Results A detailed case history and audiological evaluations including pure-tone audiogram and Johnson Hyperacusis Index revealed the presence of misophonia. The patient benefitted from intervention, and the scores of the misophonia questionnaire indicated a decrease in the severity of the problem. Conclusions It is important to differentially diagnose misophonia and hyperacusis in persons with sound tolerance disorders. Retraining counseling as well as desensitization and habituation therapy can help patients who suffer from misophonia.

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Counseling Parents at the Time of Diagnosis: Moving Toward Client-Centered Practice

American Journal of Audiology ◽

10.1044/2020_aja-20-00122 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

David Luterman

Keyword(s):

Case History ◽

Medical Model ◽

Diagnostic Process ◽

Separate Entity ◽

Initial Examination ◽

Personal Adjustment ◽

Flow Of Information ◽

Ultimate Purpose

Purpose The purpose of this article is to present a client-centered model of counseling that integrates information and personal adjustment counseling. Research has indicated that audiologists are more comfortable with counseling that is information based than with personal adjustment counseling. The prevailing model of diagnosis appears to be the medical model in which, first, a case history is taken, then testing and, finally, counseling. This model lends itself to audiologist as expert and the counseling as a separate entity based on information and advice. Further research has indicated parents retain little of the information provided in the initial examination because of their heightened emotions. This article presents a client-centered model of diagnosis in which information is provided within an emotionally safe context, enabling the parents to express their feelings and have the ability to control the flow of information. The ultimate purpose of a client-centered model is to empower parents by making them active participants in the diagnostic process rather than passive recipients. Conclusion The client-centered model has wide implications for the diagnostic process as well as for the training of students.

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