Aboriginal Medicine in a Western World: The Clash of Paradigms in a Cross-Cultural Milieu

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew P. Ponsford
Keyword(s):  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Western World ◽  
Cultural Milieu

How Universal Is Media Entertainment, Really? On the Enriching Potential of Cross-Cultural Approaches for Existing Entertainment Scholarship

2021 ◽  
pp. 101-122
Author(s):  
Özen Odağ
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Thinking Styles ◽  
Western World ◽  
Cultural Variation ◽  
The World ◽  
Central Argument ◽  
Behavior And Cognition

The current chapter focuses on the (cross-)cultural appeal of existing entertainment theories, showcasing the meager evidence that exists with respect to their universality. The central argument throughout the chapter is that most entertainment theories have originated in the Western world and little has so far been done to apply them to the much larger rest of the world. The rest of the world has shown to be profoundly different, however, with respect to various dimensions of human behavior and cognition, including self-concepts, emotion appraisal and display, valued affect, thinking styles, values, and well-being maxims. The chapter scrutinizes five pertinent entertainment theories for their ability to explain this cultural variation. It suggests the inclusion of fruitful macro- and micro-level concepts from cross-cultural psychology and intercultural communication to increase their global explanatory power. The main aim of the current chapter is to spark an overdue (cross-)cultural evolution of media entertainment scholarship.

A cross-cultural comparison of East and Western academic literature on adventure tourism

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingming Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Western World ◽  
Cultural Comparison ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
Adventure Tourism ◽  
Chinese Perspective ◽  
Chinese Tourists ◽  
Organization Models

In the past two decades, adventure tourism enjoyed great popularity in China with rapid growth of participants. Parallel to this is an increasing number of research publications on Chinese adventure tourism, which cover similar topics to that of Western adventure tourism literature but are largely based on a Chinese perspective. In order to bridge the Western and Chinese academic literature on adventure tourism, a text-driven review approach is utilized to analyze both sources of literature to identify their similarities and differences. The results reveal that while Chinese adventure tourism scholars seek knowledge from the Western world, Chinese adventure tourism has its own dynamics, which include their organization models and Chinese tourists’ aesthetic way of approaching adventure tourism experiences. By developing deeper knowledge on how adventure tourism operates in China, alternative interpretations that Chinese tourists offer, and the divergence of views in adventure tourism, the study reflects the need for a grounded approach, which will help penetrate the invisible academic wall.

Behavioural Approaches to Alcoholism

1978 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
Timothy Stockwell
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Animal Research ◽  
Western World ◽  
Excessive Drinking ◽  
Behavioural Treatment ◽  
International Conference ◽  
The Subject

A Report on the NATO International Conference “Experimental and Behavioural Approaches to Alcholism” held in Bergen, Norway (August 1977).Behaviour therapists everywhere should rejoice that such a conference received the support of the major military powers of the Western World. This unlikely teaming up with NATO is apparently just one example of the noble organisation's efforts to promote international goodwill. Possibly the ultimate achievement of the conference, however, was the promotion of inter-disciplinary goodwill by successfully gathering together 150 participants from the fields of behavioural psychology, anthropology, sociology, animal research and neuropsychology. The subject matter was wide-ranging, including symposia on the assessment of cognitive functioning in alcoholics, alcohol and crime, cross-cultural studies as well as on the behavioural treatment and analysis of excessive drinking.

Getting to Yes in the cross-cultural-context: ‘one size doesn’t fit all’ – a critical review of principled negotiations across borders

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Schoen
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Western World ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cultural Negotiation ◽  
Lower Likelihood ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Negotiation Literature

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the implicitly assumed universality of the best seller negotiation literature Getting to Yes by Roger Fisher and William Ury. Design/methodology/approach Existing cross-cultural negotiation literature was systematically searched for findings indicating either a higher or lower likelihood of successfully applying the authors’ advice in different cultural environments, as defined in the Hofstede framework or The Globe Study. The findings were aggregated, categorized into a matrix, synthesized and analyzed. Findings This paper finds that the assumed universality of the method of Getting to Yes and its single principles is not supported by research. Instead, a dichotomy of the four principles’ applicability along the Individuality dimension of Hofstede was found. Hence, the western orientation of Getting to Yes is reality, inhibiting its use in non-western cultures. However, in one principle – Invent options for mutual gain – the findings refute a successful application in western cultures. Additional findings and research gaps are presented. Practical implications Practitioners should apply Getting to Yes with caution, if at all, in a non-western environment. For the teaching of negotiations, alternative approaches for conducting negotiations in the non-western world are needed. Originality/value Although widely used in research, scholars only addressed sporadic comments concerning the limitations of Getting to Yes across cultures. Often the universality of Getting to Yes is either implicitly or explicitly assumed in research and practice. This paper approaches this topic systematically by providing evidence that Getting to Yes is not universal and conceptually sees negotiations through a western shaped perspective that provides considerable implications for research, practice and teaching.

scholarly journals Acceptance of Cosmetic Surgery among Hungarian Women in a Global Context: the Hungarian Version of the Acceptance of Cosmetic Surgery Scale (ACSS)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norbert Meskó ◽  
András Láng
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Cosmetic Surgery ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
The Body ◽  
Satisfaction With Life Scale ◽  
Western World ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Hungarian Version

Abstract In recent years, the popularity of surgical cosmetic procedures has dramatically increased in the Western world. The Acceptance of Cosmetic Surgery Scale (ACSS) provides a measure of psychological acceptance of cosmetic surgery. The original instrument (ACSS) contains three subscales (Interpersonal, Social, and Consider). Since its publication, the ACSS has been adapted for many languages. The primary objective of the present study was to develop the Hungarian version of the ACSS. Furthermore, focus was laid on whether the original factor structure could be replicated with a Hungarian sample despite expectable cultural differences from other national samples. To obtain cross-culturally comparable data, the same scales were used for psychometric analysis as those used in the development of the original ACSS and its various national versions. The Hungarian sample included 482 female participants aged between 18 and 68 years (M = 29.02, SD = 10.71), who completed a questionnaire battery. Validity of the Hungarian version was tested with the following measures: the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3 (SATAQ-3), the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), the Body Appreciation Scale (BAS), and the Photographic Figure Rating Scale (PFRS) developed for women. The results show that the obtained Hungarian version of the ACSS is a reliable and valid measure, which enables researchers in the field to study Hungarian samples. Furthermore, the factor structure of the Hungarian scale is identical with that of the original ACSS, which enables reliable cross-cultural comparisons. For these reasons, the authors expect that the Hungarian ACSS will stimulate more in-depth quantitative research on attitudes towards cosmetic surgery within the Hungarian context, and it will also contribute to a better understanding of acceptance of cosmetic surgery from a cross-cultural perspective.

Mission across the Curriculum: Historical Theology

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
William W. Schumacher
Keyword(s):  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Western World ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Narrow Focus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Theology

The challenge of integrating mission across the theological curriculum is faced by seminaries and other institutions. At one large Lutheran seminary, the discipline of historical theology provides one important avenue for missional education and reflection. By moving beyond a narrow focus on “history of missions” to develop a “missional hermeneutic of history,” the inherently cross-cultural dimension of historical study can significantly reshape the curriculum by drawing increased attention to the non-western world.

Culture and media entertainment: A cross-cultural exploration of hedonic and eudaimonic entertainment motivations

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 (7) ◽  
pp. 637-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Özen Odağ ◽  
Özden Melis Uluğ ◽  
Hilal Arslan ◽  
David Schiefer
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
International Students ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Western World ◽  
Cultural Variables ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cultural Belonging

Recent studies have juxtaposed hedonic forms of media entertainment motivations (seeking for pleasure and fun) with eudaimonic forms (seeking for insights into the human condition). As most of this research was confined to the Western world so far, this contribution explores the impact of culture on hedonic and eudaimonic media entertainment motivations. Culture is conceptualized on both macro- and micro levels of analysis. On the macro level of countries, the study draws of Hofstede’s concept of individualism/collectivism. On the micro level of individuals, the study explores independent and interdependent self-construals and ethnic identity as potential influences on hedonic and eudaimonic entertainment. A survey was carried out with international students and non-students in Germany and Turkey ( N = 324). Cross-level operator analyses were calculated to explore relationships between cultural variables and hedonic/eudaimonic entertainment motivations. Results show consistently that variables of culture that tap into cultural belonging (collectivism, interdependence, and ethnic identity) are significant predictors of hedonic entertainment. Cultural variables that tap into distinctiveness and separation from one’s collective (individualism and independence) are significant predictors of eudaimonic entertainment. The study is among the first to explore the impact of cultural variability on entertainment motivations and thus especially relevant for sparking up a new line of research.

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