Pre-fractionation of Noncirculating Biological Fluids to Improve Discovery of Clinically Relevant Protein Biomarkers

A Peptide‐PNA Hybrid Beacon for Sensitive Detection of Protein Biomarkers in Biological Fluids

ChemBioChem ◽

10.1002/cbic.202000097 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (15) ◽

pp. 2121-2125

Author(s):

Amlanjyoti Dhar ◽

Israr Ahmed ◽

Shampa Mallick ◽

Siddhartha Roy

Keyword(s):

Biological Fluids ◽

Sensitive Detection ◽

Protein Biomarkers

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Protein Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease at Different Stages of Neurodegeneration

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21186749 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (18) ◽

pp. 6749

Author(s):

Mar Pérez ◽

Félix Hernández ◽

Jesús Avila

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Biological Fluids ◽

Protein Biomarkers ◽

Familial Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Combined Use ◽

Familial Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Cellular Markers

Mainly obtained from familial Alzheimer’s disease patients’ data, we know that some features of the neurodegenerative start several years before the appearance of clinical symptoms. In this brief review, we comment on some molecular and cellular markers appearing at different stages of the disease, before or once the clinical symptoms are evident. These markers are present in biological fluids or could be identified by image techniques. The combined use of molecular and cellular markers will be of interest to determine the development of the different phases of the disease.

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Quantitative proteomics of human blood exosomes

Biomeditsinskaya Khimiya ◽

10.18097/pbmc20186406496 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 64 (6) ◽

pp. 496-504 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

N.A. Shushkova ◽

N.E. Vavilov ◽

S.E. Novikova ◽

T.E. Farafonova ◽

O.V. Tikhonova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Proteomics ◽

Biological Fluids ◽

Protein Composition ◽

Membrane Vesicles ◽

The Body ◽

Parent Cell ◽

Protein Biomarkers ◽

Sucrose Cushion ◽

Centrifugation Method ◽

Almost All

Exosomes are extracellular membrane vesicles secreted by cells into biological fluids. The outer membrane of exosomes protects their content from degradation and contains markers of the parent cell. Almost all cells of the body produce exosomes, however, tumor cells secrete them more intensively. Due to fact that exosomes contain proteins of cells secreting them, these vesicles could be a valuable source for biomarkers discovery. Currently, a number of studies prove the participation of exosomes in carcinogenesis. However, there is a problem of isolating pure and characterized exosomes for further use in investigation of functions or identification of tumor protein biomarkers. In this work, we have performed experiments on exosomes isolation from human plasma by three methods: differential ultracentrifugation, ultracentrifugation in sucrose cushion, sedimentation of the exosomal fraction from serum by using a commercial kit. The protein composition of the obtained samples was determined by mass spectrometric methods of selected reactions monitoring (SRM) and shotgun proteomic analysis. The obtained exosomal samples were searched for the presence of exosomal markers (CD9, CD82, HSPA8, CD63). In the samples of exosomes isolated by ultracentrifugation with the sucrose cushion, the content of the above markers was determined as 32.85, 15.59, 6.07 fmol/mg of total protein, correspondently. It was shown that the centrifugation method with the sucrose cushion was optimal for the isolation of exosomes.

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Banking of Biological Fluids for Studies of Disease-associated Protein Biomarkers

Molecular & Cellular Proteomics ◽

10.1074/mcp.r800010-mcp200 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 7 (10) ◽

pp. 2061-2066 ◽

Cited By ~ 76

Author(s):

Anne-Sofie Schrohl ◽

Sidse Würtz ◽

Elise Kohn ◽

Rosamonde E. Banks ◽

Hans Jørgen Nielsen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Fluids ◽

Protein Biomarkers

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Application of “omics” to Prion Biomarker Discovery

Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology ◽

10.1155/2010/613504 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2010 ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Rhiannon L. C. H. Huzarewich ◽

Christine G. Siemens ◽

Stephanie A. Booth

Keyword(s):

Biomarker Discovery ◽

Biological Fluids ◽

Prion Diseases ◽

Biochemical Properties ◽

Host Protein ◽

Protein Biomarkers ◽

Disease Biomarkers ◽

Complementary Approach ◽

Genomics And Proteomics ◽

Immunochemical Detection

The advent of genomics and proteomics has been a catalyst for the discovery of biomarkers able to discriminate biological processes such as the pathogenesis of complex diseases. Prompt detection of prion diseases is particularly desirable given their transmissibility, which is responsible for a number of human health risks stemming from exogenous sources of prion protein. Diagnosis relies on the ability to detect the biomarkerPrPSc, a pathological isoform of the host proteinPrPC, which is an essential component of the infectious prion. Immunochemical detection ofPrPScis specific and sensitive enough for antemortem testing of brain tissue, however, this is not the case in accessible biological fluids or for the detection of recently identified novel prions with unique biochemical properties. A complementary approach to the detection ofPrPScitself is to identify alternative, “surrogate” gene or protein biomarkers indicative of disease. Biomarkers are also useful to track the progress of disease, especially important in the assessment of therapies, or to identify individuals “at risk”. In this review we provide perspective on current progress and pitfalls in the use of “omics” technologies to screen body fluids and tissues for biomarker discovery in prion diseases.

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Omics technologies in diagnostics of lung adenocarcinoma

Biomeditsinskaya Khimiya ◽

10.18097/pbmc20176303181 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 63 (3) ◽

pp. 181-210 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

S.E. Novikova ◽

L.K. Kurbatov ◽

M.G. Zavialova ◽

V.G. Zgoda ◽

A.I. Archakov

Keyword(s):

Lung Adenocarcinoma ◽

Posttranslational Modifications ◽

Splice Variants ◽

Biological Fluids ◽

Pathological Condition ◽

High Specificity ◽

Model Systems ◽

Therapeutic Approaches ◽

Protein Biomarkers ◽

Major Attention

To date lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) is the most common type of lung cancer. Numerous studies on LAC biology resulted in identification of crucial mutations in protooncogenes and activating neoplastic transformation pathways. Therapeutic approaches that significantly increase the survival rate of patients with LAC of different etiology have been developed and introduced into clinical practice. However, the main problem in the treatment of LAC is early diagnosis, taking into account both factors and mechanisms responsible in tumor initiation and progression. Identification of a wide biomarker repertoire with high specificity and reliability of detection appears to be a solution to this problem. In this context, proteins with differential expression in normal and pathological condition, suitable for detection in biological fluids are the most promising biomarkers. In this review we have analyzed literature data on studies aimed at search of LAC biomarkers. The major attention has been paid to protein biomarkers as the most promising and convenient subject of clinical diagnosis. The review also summarizes existing knowledge on posttranslational modifications, splice variants, isoforms, as well as model systems and transcriptome changes in LAC.

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