Analysis of Microtubule-Mediated Intracellular Viral Transport

2007 ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunyong Liu ◽  
Min Liu ◽  
Jun Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Viral Transport

Application of EM to differentiate herpes virus from pox virus in genital specimens

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 262-263
Author(s):  
K. Rekrut ◽  
K. Schleuter
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Fresh Tissue ◽  
Culture Cells ◽  
Viral Transport ◽  
Carbon Coated ◽  
Immuno Assay ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
Enzyme Immuno Assay

Confirmation of herpes simplex virus (HSV) from genital lesions of obstetrical (OB) patients may affect both the management of the delivery and of the neonate.(l,2) During 1992 and 1993, 4,450 genital specimens from OB patients were submitted in viral transport media for herpes culture. The specimens were inoculated into MRC-5, Vero, and A-549 tissue culture tubes, incubated, and examined daily for 7 days for cytopathic effect (CPE). The original specimens were frozen at −70° C until final reports were issued. Culture tubes with CPE were tested by the Dupont Herpchek enzyme immuno assay (EIA) to confirm the presence of herpes simplex virus (HSV). (3,4) 170 OB patient specimens were positive by culture and confirmed by EIA.There were also 63 cultures exhibiting CPE ressembling HSV which were negative by EIA testing, which failed to pass in fresh tissue culture cells or progress to more enhanced CPE in culture. These original specimens were screened by electron microscopy after direct ultracentrifugation employing the Beckman airfuge with the EM 90 rotor on to formvar carbon-coated 300 mesh copper grids and negatively stained with 2% PTA.

Effective optimization of SARS-CoV-2 laboratory testing variables in an era of supply chain constraints

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (15) ◽  
pp. 1483-1487
Author(s):  
Nikhil S Sahajpal ◽  
Ashis K Mondal ◽  
Allan Njau ◽  
Sudha Ananth ◽  
Kimya Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Rna Extraction ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Short Supply ◽  
Viral Transport ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Bridging Studies

RT-PCR-based assays for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 have played an essential role in the current COVID-19 pandemic. However, the sample collection and test reagents are in short supply, primarily due to supply chain issues. Thus, to eliminate testing constraints, we have optimized three key process variables: RNA extraction and RT-PCR reactions, different sample types and media to facilitate SARS-CoV-2 testing. By performing various validation and bridging studies, we have shown that various sample types such as nasopharyngeal swab, bronchioalveolar lavage and saliva, collected using conventional nasopharyngeal swabs, ESwab or 3D-printed swabs and, preserved in viral transport media, universal transport media, 0.9% sodium chloride or Amies media are compatible with RT-PCR assay for COVID-19. Besides, the reduction of PCR reagents by up to fourfold also produces reliable results.

scholarly journals Direct diagnostic testing of SARS-CoV-2 without the need for prior RNA extraction

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Wei ◽  
Esther Kohl ◽  
Alexandre Djandji ◽  
Stephanie Morgan ◽  
Susan Whittier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Rna Extraction ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Percentage Agreement ◽  
Testing Method ◽  
Viral Transport

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in an urgent need for a rapid, point of care diagnostic testing that could be rapidly scaled on a worldwide level. We developed and tested a highly sensitive and robust assay based on reverse transcription loop mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) that uses readily available reagents and a simple heat block using contrived spike-in and actual clinical samples. RT-LAMP testing on RNA-spiked samples showed a limit of detection (LoD) of 2.5 copies/μl of viral transport media. RT-LAMP testing directly on clinical nasopharyngeal swab samples in viral transport media had an 85% positive percentage agreement (PPA) (17/20), and 100% negative percentage agreement (NPV) and delivered results in 30 min. Our optimized RT-LAMP based testing method is a scalable system that is sufficiently sensitive and robust to test for SARS-CoV-2 directly on clinical nasopharyngeal swab samples in viral transport media in 30 min at the point of care without the need for specialized or proprietary equipment or reagents. This cost-effective and efficient one-step testing method can be readily available for COVID-19 testing world-wide, especially in resource poor settings.

scholarly journals Large-scale, in-house production of viral transport media to support SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing in a multi-hospital healthcare network during the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth P Smith ◽  
Annie Cheng ◽  
Amber Chopelas ◽  
Sarah DuBois-Coyne ◽  
Ikram Mezghani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Diagnostic Laboratory ◽  
Healthcare Network ◽  
Research Division ◽  
Viral Transport ◽  
Accelerated Stability ◽  
House Production ◽  
Transport Tube

The COVID-19 pandemic has severely disrupted worldwide supplies of viral transport media (VTM) due to widespread demand for SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testing. In response to this ongoing shortage, we began production of VTM in-house in support of diagnostic testing in our hospital network. As our diagnostic laboratory was not equipped for reagent production, we took advantage of space and personnel that became available due to closure of the research division of our medical center. We utilized a formulation of VTM described by the CDC that was simple to produce, did not require filtration for sterilization, and used reagents that were available from commercial suppliers. Performance of VTM was evaluated by several quality assurance measures. Based on Ct values of spiking experiments, we found that our VTM supported highly consistent amplification of the SARS-CoV-2 target (coefficient of variation = 2.95%) using the Abbott RealTime SARS-CoV-2 EUA assay on the Abbott m2000 platform. VTM was also found to be compatible with multiple swab types and, based on accelerated stability studies, able to maintain functionality for at least four months at room temperature. We further discuss how we met logistical challenges associated with large-scale VTM production in a crisis setting including use of staged, assembly line for VTM transport tube production.

scholarly journals Performance of Abbott ID Now COVID-19 Rapid Nucleic Acid Amplification Test Using Nasopharyngeal Swabs Transported in Viral Transport Media and Dry Nasal Swabs in a New York City Academic Institution

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Atreyee Basu ◽  
Tatyana Zinger ◽  
Kenneth Inglima ◽  
Kar-mun Woo ◽  
Onome Atie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
The United States ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Sample Type ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Viral Transport ◽  
Recent Emergence ◽  
Nasal Swabs

ABSTRACT The recent emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has posed formidable challenges for clinical laboratories seeking reliable laboratory diagnostic confirmation. The swift advance of the crisis in the United States has led to Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) facilitating the availability of molecular diagnostic assays without the more rigorous examination to which tests are normally subjected prior to FDA approval. Our laboratory currently uses two real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) platforms, the Roche Cobas SARS-CoV2 and the Cepheid Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2. The two platforms demonstrate comparable performances; however, the run times for each assay are 3.5 h and 45 min, respectively. In search for a platform with a shorter turnaround time, we sought to evaluate the recently released Abbott ID Now COVID-19 assay, which is capable of producing positive results in as little as 5 min. We present here the results of comparisons between Abbott ID Now COVID-19 and Cepheid Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2 using nasopharyngeal swabs transported in viral transport media and comparisons between Abbott ID Now COVID-19 and Cepheid Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2 using nasopharyngeal swabs transported in viral transport media for Cepheid and dry nasal swabs for Abbott ID Now. Regardless of method of collection and sample type, Abbott ID Now COVID-19 had negative results in a third of the samples that tested positive by Cepheid Xpert Xpress when using nasopharyngeal swabs in viral transport media and 45% when using dry nasal swabs.

scholarly journals Delineating the Specific Influence of Virus Isoelectric Point and Size on Virus Adsorption and Transport through Sandy Soils

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scot E. Dowd ◽  
Suresh D. Pillai ◽  
Sookyun Wang ◽  
M. Yavuz Corapcioglu
Keyword(s):  
Isoelectric Point ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Transport Studies ◽  
Viral Transport ◽  
Virus Adsorption ◽  
Isoelectric Points ◽  
Kinetic Sorption ◽  
Viral Adsorption ◽  
Specific Influence

ABSTRACT Many of the factors controlling viral transport and survival within the subsurface are still poorly understood. In order to identify the precise influence of viral isoelectric point on viral adsorption onto aquifer sediment material, we employed five different spherical bacteriophages (MS2, PRD1, Qβ, φX174, and PM2) having differing isoelectric points (pI 3.9, 4.2, 5.3, 6.6, and 7.3 respectively) in laboratory viral transport studies. We employed conventional batch flowthrough columns, as well as a novel continuously recirculating column, in these studies. In a 0.78-m batch flowthrough column, the smaller phages (MS2, φX174, and Qβ), which had similar diameters, exhibited maximum effluent concentration/initial concentration values that correlated exactly with their isoelectric points. In the continuously recirculating column, viral adsorption was negatively correlated with the isoelectric points of the viruses. A model of virus migration in the soil columns was created by using a one-dimensional transport model in which kinetic sorption was used. The data suggest that the isoelectric point of a virus is the predetermining factor controlling viral adsorption within aquifers. The data also suggest that when virus particles are more than 60 nm in diameter, viral dimensions become the overriding factor.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Saline, Phosphate-Buffered Saline, and Minimum Essential Medium as Potential Alternatives to Viral Transport Media for SARS-CoV-2 Testing

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle G. Rodino ◽  
Mark J. Espy ◽  
Seanne P. Buckwalter ◽  
Robert C. Walchak ◽  
Jeffery J. Germer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Essential Medium ◽  
Viral Transport ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline

scholarly journals QuickVue Influenza Test for Rapid Detection of Influenza A and B Viruses in a Pediatric Population

2002 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 925-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Quach ◽  
Diane Newby ◽  
Ghislaine Daoust ◽  
Earl Rubin ◽  
Jane McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Lateral Flow Immunoassay ◽  
Viral Transport ◽  
Viral Transport Medium ◽  
Tract Infections

ABSTRACT The performance of a lateral-flow immunoassay, the QuickVue Influenza Test, for detection of influenza A and B viruses in comparison with that of cell culture was evaluated by using nasopharyngeal aspirates, in viral transport medium, from children with respiratory tract infections. The sensitivity and specificity were 79.2 and 82.6%, respectively.

scholarly journals Cellular pathways for viral transport through plasmodesmata

PROTOPLASMA ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 248 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette Niehl ◽  
Manfred Heinlein
Keyword(s):  
Viral Transport ◽  
Cellular Pathways
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