Adrenal Imaging Using Computed Tomography: Differentiation of Adenomas and Metastasis

2008 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud M. Al-Hawary ◽  
Isaac R. Francis ◽  
Melvyn Korobkin



2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-36
Author(s):  
T. A. Korb ◽  
V. Yu. Chernina ◽  
I. A. Blokhin ◽  
O. O. Aleshina ◽  
A. V. Vorontsov ◽  
...  

This literature review focuses on the normal adrenal gland anatomy and typical imaging features necessary to evaluate benign and malignant lesions. In particular, adenoma, pheochromocytoma, metastases and adrenocortical carcinoma were discussed as some of the most common lesions. For this purpose, a review of relevant local and international literature sources up to January 2021 was conducted.In many cases, adrenal incidentalomas have distinctive features allowing characterization using noninvasive methods. It is possible to suspect a malignant nature and promptly refer the patient for the necessary invasive examinations in some cases. ­Computed tomography, especially with intravenous contrast enhancement, is the primary imaging modality because it enables differential diagnosis. Magnetic resonance tomography remains a sensitive method in lesion detection and follow-up but is not very specific for determining the malignant potential. Positron emission computed tomography also remains an additional method and is used mainly for differential diagnosis of malignant tumors, detecting metastases and recurrences after surgical treatment. Ultrasound has a limited role but is nevertheless of great importance in the pediatric population, especially newborns. Promising techniques such as radiomics and dual-energy CT can expand imaging capabilities and improve diagnostic accuracy.Because adrenal lesions are often incidentally detected by imaging performed for other reasons, it is vital to interpret such findings correctly. This review should give the reader a broad overview of how different imaging modalities can evaluate adrenal pathology and guide radiologists and clinicians.



Author(s):  
H.W. Deckman ◽  
B.F. Flannery ◽  
J.H. Dunsmuir ◽  
K.D' Amico

We have developed a new X-ray microscope which produces complete three dimensional images of samples. The microscope operates by performing X-ray tomography with unprecedented resolution. Tomography is a non-invasive imaging technique that creates maps of the internal structure of samples from measurement of the attenuation of penetrating radiation. As conventionally practiced in medical Computed Tomography (CT), radiologists produce maps of bone and tissue structure in several planar sections that reveal features with 1mm resolution and 1% contrast. Microtomography extends the capability of CT in several ways. First, the resolution which approaches one micron, is one thousand times higher than that of the medical CT. Second, our approach acquires and analyses the data in a panoramic imaging format that directly produces three-dimensional maps in a series of contiguous stacked planes. Typical maps available today consist of three hundred planar sections each containing 512x512 pixels. Finally, and perhaps of most import scientifically, microtomography using a synchrotron X-ray source, allows us to generate maps of individual element.



1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
K MOURAD ◽  
J KING ◽  
P GUGGIANA


1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
D MARTIN


2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A3-A3
Author(s):  
C HASSAN ◽  
P CERRO ◽  
A ZULLO ◽  
C SPINA ◽  
S MORINI


1985 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald W. Chakeres


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