Financing SMEs in the EU: Challenges and Opportunities

2019 ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
Horst Heitz
Keyword(s):  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Eu

The European Union’s Policy towards its Eastern Neighbours: The Crisis in Ukraine

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsiana Shaban
Keyword(s):  
Crisis Management ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
European Neighbourhood Policy ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
External Governance ◽  
Institutional Challenges ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Eu

The European Union’s neighbourhood is complex and still far from being stable. In Ukraine, significant progress has occurred in many areas of transition; however, much work remains to be done, especially in the field of regional development and governance where many legacies of the Soviet model remain. At the crossroads between East and West, Ukraine presents an interesting case of policy development as an expression of European Union (EU) external governance. This paper asks the question: why was the relationship between the EU and Ukraine fairly unsuccessful at promoting stability in the region and in Ukraine? What was missing in the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) in Ukraine that rendered the EU unable to prevent a conflict on the ground? By identifying security, territorial, and institutional challenges and opportunities the EU has faced in Ukraine, this paper underlines the most important factors accounting for the performance of its external governance and crisis management in Ukraine.   Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v12i2.1310

scholarly journals AMMISSIONE DI STRANIERI SUL TERRITORIO NAZIONALE ATTRAVERSO ‘CORRIDOI UMANITARI’ CON SPONSOR PRIVATI

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carola Ricci
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
International Law ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Humanitarian Assistance ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Safe Alternative ◽  
Security Screening ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Multi Stakeholder ◽  
The Eu

The scope of the present research is to understand to what extent a recent and fruitful private initiative sponsoring a safe alternative legal pathway ‘par avion’ recently spread from Italy and called “humanitarian corridors”, may in a future become a general and uniform alternative model for other European Union States. Such a best practice, which represents currently an exceptional route for vulnerable migrants mostly from Lebanon and Eritrea to enter the country without harm after a security screening and to be materially supported by the same sponsors in the crucial initial phase of integration, could potentially be extended to other EU States. Its legal basis should not be restricted to Article 25 of the Visa Code (recently interpreted by the EU Court of Justice as posing no obligation on Member States to grant humanitarian visa). There already exist clear obligations to grant humanitarian assistance to vulnerable people at risk stemming out from international law (both general and conventional) that do constitute the adequate legal basis both for States and civil society, to act in a “multi-stakeholder alliance” in order to find solutions to the challenges and opportunities deriving from international migration, as indicated in the 2016 New York Declaration.

scholarly journals The Race for Climate Leadership in the ERA of Trump and Multilevel Governance

European View ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Palacková
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Multilevel Governance ◽  
Good News ◽  
Joint Commitment ◽  
Global System ◽  
Climate Targets ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Other World ◽  
The Eu

President Trump's withdrawal from the Paris Agreement on climate change, albeit predictable, presents both challenges and opportunities for the global system of multilevel governance. Various stakeholders are ready to fill the void, including other world leaders, such as the EU, and in particular Germany; US state actors, such as California; and even cities and businesses. Whatever the outcome, the reaffirmed joint commitment to implementing the climate targets is good news for the planet.

Ireland

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Speller
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Un Peacekeeping ◽  
Defence Policy ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Peacekeeping Missions ◽  
International Engagement ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Eu

This chapter explores the evolution of Irish defence policy from the end of the cold war through to 2017. It provides an analysis of national strategy, military doctrine, and force structures and reveals how these have evolved to meet new challenges and opportunities. The chapter explains how successive governments have sought to balance a reluctance to devote significant resources to defence and the desire to maintain the longs-tanding tradition of neutrality with a commitment to international engagement through the UN and active participation in a number of UN peacekeeping missions overseas. It also examines how the relationship with NATO and the EU has evolved. The chapter explores changes to the role and structure of the Defence Forces since the 1990s and concludes with an examination of existing policy and future challenges in the aftermath of the 2015 defence review.

Ukraine’s commitments under Association Agreement: challenges and opportunities for the steel industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Shatokha
Keyword(s):  
Steel Industry ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Steel Output ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Steel Sector ◽  
Additional Costs ◽  
The Eu

The steel sector stands for a quarter of Ukraine’s industrial gross value added and is a backbone of the country’s economy. However, owing to lastingly insufficient investments to modernisation, the industry is largely obsolete: 70–80% of the production facilities are in operation beyond their final designed term of exploitation. Technology backwardness, coupled with excessive iron ore mining, results in an enormous environmental footprint. Owing to the domestic political and socioeconomic factors and severe competition on the global scale, the steel output hit its historic low in 2017. Recently, the EU became major Ukraine’s trade partner with steel export share of 32% in 2017. Modalities of this partnership will be gradually shaped in context of the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement (entered into force since 01.09.2017), which stipulates transposition into Ukrainian law of some European directives, potentially sensitive for the iron and steel sector. In this paper, the current state of Ukraine’s steel industry was analysed, focusing competitiveness and environmental impact. The analysis performed reveals that short-term implications of the Association Agreement may expose the Ukrainian steelmakers to additional costs; however, the need to comply with the EU regulations is seen as an important factor, motivating the steel industry to modernise and, in the long-term, improve its economic performance and reinforce competitiveness.

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