Ukraine’s commitments under Association Agreement: challenges and opportunities for the steel industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Shatokha
Keyword(s):  
Steel Industry ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Steel Output ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Steel Sector ◽  
Additional Costs ◽  
The Eu

The steel sector stands for a quarter of Ukraine’s industrial gross value added and is a backbone of the country’s economy. However, owing to lastingly insufficient investments to modernisation, the industry is largely obsolete: 70–80% of the production facilities are in operation beyond their final designed term of exploitation. Technology backwardness, coupled with excessive iron ore mining, results in an enormous environmental footprint. Owing to the domestic political and socioeconomic factors and severe competition on the global scale, the steel output hit its historic low in 2017. Recently, the EU became major Ukraine’s trade partner with steel export share of 32% in 2017. Modalities of this partnership will be gradually shaped in context of the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement (entered into force since 01.09.2017), which stipulates transposition into Ukrainian law of some European directives, potentially sensitive for the iron and steel sector. In this paper, the current state of Ukraine’s steel industry was analysed, focusing competitiveness and environmental impact. The analysis performed reveals that short-term implications of the Association Agreement may expose the Ukrainian steelmakers to additional costs; however, the need to comply with the EU regulations is seen as an important factor, motivating the steel industry to modernise and, in the long-term, improve its economic performance and reinforce competitiveness.

IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRIES; A STRATEGIC SECTOR FOR TECHNO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND NERVE CENTER FOR INDUSTRILIZATION IN NIGERIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-83
Author(s):  
Yomi Vincent Adetula ◽  
Damilola Misturah Marindoti
Keyword(s):  
Steel Industry ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Iron And Steel Industry ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Comatose State ◽  
Steel Sector ◽  
Oil Sector ◽  
Steel Industries ◽  
Sectoral Linkages

The Nigerian iron and steel industry established as a basis for industrialization has remained unproductive even as the year 2020 targeted for the country to become one of the world's top 20 economies is barely a few months away. Despite, the boom in the oil sector, the value-added sector is low while the inter-sectoral linkages are weak. This implies a boom in one activity rarely affects another in the sector, but will rather impact on the foreign economy from where imports were sourced. Nigeria relies mainly on crude oil to the neglect of the iron and steel sector which is a major determinant for the industrialization of any nation. Lack of industrialization and unemployment in Nigeria today which engenders insecurity could be linked to the comatose state of the Nigerian iron and steel industry. Thus, this paper discussed the iron and steel sector as a strategic sector for rapid development and nerve center for industrialization in Nigeria.

scholarly journals FOREIGN TRADE RELATIONS OF UKRAINE AND CHINA: CHALLENGES FOR THE NATIONAL ECONOMIC INTERESTS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yevhen Ivanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Consumer Goods ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Electrical Machinery ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
The Eu

The article looks into key challenges for Ukrainian economy caused by foreign trade intensification with China in 2020 when Ukraine’s exports to PRC increased by 98 per cent. The dynamics and main structural shifts in the UA-CN trade are analyzed. The structure of bilateral trade flows between the parties by degree of processing and value added is explored. It is revealed that Ukraine’s exports to China consists predominantly from raw materials and products of primary processing: mineral products (iron ore), cereals (maize), sunflower oil and its residues, ferrous metals, etc. The imports from China to Ukraine consists mainly from electrical machinery, mechanical appliances, articles of apparel, chemical products, iron and steel, etc. Comparative analysis of the commodity structure of Ukraine’s exports to PRC and to the EU is conducted. The analysis shows that, despite dominance of traditional and low value added goods in Ukrainian overall exports, the share of sophisticated manufactured goods in exports to the EU is much larger than in exports to China. It is substantiated that trade with China largely determines the raw material orientation of Ukraine's international specialization, while exports to developed countries are characterized by a relatively higher share of intermediate and consumer goods. To increase the efficiency of Ukraine’s foreign trade, it is considered that the best option is to focus on reducing dependence on imports from China by developing domestic production of appropriate consumer goods and increasing export flows to developed countries. The expediency of Ukraine's refusal to participate in the New Silk Road project is argued in favor of using the benefits of nearshoring strategy, which opens the opportunity to replace Chinese consumer goods in the EU market with Ukrainian ones under the EU-UA association agreement. The article briefly surveys some cases of successful implementation of this strategy by Ukrainian business, in particular the launch of exports of household appliances (electro-thermic coffee and tea makers, electric razors, washing machines, electric heaters) to the EU.

scholarly journals Doing It for Themselves: The Steel Company of Wales and the Study of American Industrial Productivity, 1945–1955

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 184-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
LOUISE MISKELL
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Steel Industry ◽  
Marshall Plan ◽  
Iron And Steel Industry ◽  
World War ◽  
Steel Company ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Industrial Productivity ◽  
Steel Sector ◽  
Anglo American

This article examines the efforts of one British steel company to acquire knowledge about American industrial productivity in the first post-World War II decade. It argues that company information-gathering initiatives in this period were overshadowed by the work of the formal productivity missions of the Marshall Plan era. In particular, it compares the activities of the Steel Company of Wales with the Anglo-American Council on Productivity (AACP), whose iron and steel industry productivity team report was published in 1952. Based on evidence from its business records, this study shows that the Steel Company of Wales was undertaking its own international productivity investigations, which started earlier and were more extensive and differently focused from those of the AACP. It makes the case for viewing companies as active participants in the gathering and dissemination of productivity knowledge in Britain’s steel sector after 1945.

Chasing shadows: technology and socioeconomic barriers versus climate targets for iron and steel industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (92) ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
V. Shatokha
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Steel Industry ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Iron And Steel Industry ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Best Available Technologies ◽  
Steel Sector ◽  
Change Mitigation

Purpose: To analyse the potential of various scenarios for reduction of carbon footprint of iron and steel sector and to reveal plausible pathways for modernisation. Design/methodology/approach: Several scenarios have been developed in order to assess the dynamics and extent of decarbonisation required to meet the global climate change mitigation target. This includes deployment of the best available technologies, increased share of secondary steel production route and deployment of innovative ironmaking technologies with various decarbonisation extent achieved in a variable timeframe. Findings: The window of opportunities to ensure compliance of steel sector development with climate goal still exists though shrinks. Modernisation shall include global deployment of best available technologies, increased share of secondary steel production and rapid deployment of innovative technologies including carbon capture and storage. Delayed modernisation will require much deeper decarbonisation, which will increase the total cost of mitigation. International policies shall be put in place to ensure availability of funding and to assist technology transfer. Short term transition strategies shall be employed as soon as possible for bridging long term climate change mitigation strategies and current state of the iron and steel industry worldwide. Research limitations/implications: Methodology applied takes into account the best available technologies and some novel ironmaking methods with the potential for commercialisation during the next decade; however, it is implied that the radically innovative iron- and steelmaking technologies with near-zero CO2 emissions will not be mature enough to deliver tangible impact on the sector’s carbon footprint before 2050. Practical implications: Obtained results can be helpful for definition of the modernisation strategies (both state-level and corporate) for the iron and steel industry. Originality/value: Dynamics and extent of decarbonisation required to meet global climate change mitigation targets have been revealed and the results can be valuable for assessment of the consistency of sectoral climate strategies with global targets.

scholarly journals A Research on Profitability and Dividend using Arima Model with Reference to Steel Sector

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3309-3313
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Production ◽  
Steel Industry ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Arima Model ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Domestic Demand ◽  
Iron And Steel Industry ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Steel Sector ◽  
Monetary Control

In India Indian, Iron and Steel Industry plays significantly for the overall growth and development of the country. Based on the budget of Ministry of Steel declares that steel industry contributes 2% of the Indias GDP, and its weight is 6.2% in the Index of Industrial Production(IPP). The sector able to grow by itself globally. In India steel production in one Million Tones in 1947, now its become the world's 2nd largest producer next to China. India's GDP declines 5% in 2019 on account of rising Inflation, GST and strict monetary control. This medium made the domestic demand weeker which grew 3.3% in 2019, Despite the rise in last Quater

Greenhouse gas emissions caused by global steel industry: the past, the present and the future

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (8) ◽  
pp. 882-901
Author(s):  
I. A. Bashmakov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Steel Industry ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Carbon Neutrality ◽  
Ferrous Metals ◽  
Steel Sector

Measures aimed at the transition of the global iron and steel industry to carbon neutrality by 2050 or beyond are in the focus of scientific, business, and political circles of many countries. If this target is to be attained, it is important to understand how demand for ferrous metals will be evolving, and when and to what extent the sector can be modernized on the low carbon basis. The paper explores the possibility and conditions for the full-scale decarbonization of the global iron and steel sector, looks into current trends in the production of key products of steel industry and related greenhouse gas emissions; estimates the contributions of all the factors behind these trends in 1900‒2019. By analyzing the relations between the economic growth and ferrous metals consumption as “services‒materials stock‒materials flow‒environment” model, the paper shows that a mechanical extrapolation of the earlier trends to 2050 and beyond may result in erroneous conclusions about the sector’s development perspectives. The factors that will eventually ensure the decoupling, i.e. a dramatic weakening or a complete rupture of the connection between economic growth and steel demand. The paper provides an analysis of the iron and steel sector decarbonization perspectives and estimates the scale and intensity of the forthcoming technological change.

scholarly journals The Challenge of Digitalization in the Steel Sector

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Annunziata Branca ◽  
Barbara Fornai ◽  
Valentina Colla ◽  
Maria Maddalena Murri ◽  
Eliana Streppa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steel Industry ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Steel Sector ◽  
European Industry ◽  
Economic Developments ◽  
The Impact

Digitalization represents a paramount process started some decades ago, but which received a strong acceleration by Industry 4.0 and now directly impacts all the process and manufacturing sectors. It is expected to allow the European industry to increase its production efficiency and its sustainability. In particular, in the energy-intensive industries, such as the steel industry, digitalization concerns the application of the related technologies to the production processes, focusing on two main often overlapping directions: Advanced tools for the optimization of the production chain and specific technologies for low-carbon and sustainable production. Furthermore, the rapid evolution of the technologies in the steel sector require the continuous update of the skills of the industrial workforce. The present review paper, resulting from a recent study developed inside a Blueprint European project, introduces the context of digitalization and some important definitions in both the European industry and the European iron and steel sector. The current technological transformation is depicted, and the main developments funded by European Research Programs are analyzed. Moreover, the impact of digitalization on the steel industry workforce are considered together with the foreseen economic developments.

scholarly journals A regional assessment of trends in business development in Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 112-119
Author(s):  
Iryna Nadtochii
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Business Development ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
The Eu

The purpose of the research. The purpose of the article is to assess regional trends in business development in Ukraine. Methodology. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study is the scientific works of scientists in the field of business development in Ukraine. To achieve this goal, the following research methods were used: PEST-analysis of the external environment of SME development in the regions; methods of statistical analysis – to assess changes in the dynamics of GRP for 2014–2018. Results. It is investigated that from 2016 until in Ukraine there was a certain economic recovery, which is confirmed by the growth of consumption and income, as well as the growth of consumer lending and remittances. But in 2018, there was a decrease in exports and imports of goods and services. Exports decreased by 2.8 % of GDP, and imports by 1.9 % of GDP compared to the previous 2017 year. The decline in exports is due to weakening external demand for domestic goods and services. Despite some difficulties, a number of reforms have been implemented in Ukraine, which has had a positive impact on the economic situation. Reforms in Ukraine are supported by the international community. In 2018, the IMF provided Ukraine with a reserve loan for a period of 14 months in the amount of 3.9 billion USD. Ukraine received 4.4 billion USD in EU macro-financial assistance US and a loan of 349 million EUR under the World Bank Guarantee to ensure economic development. After the crisis of the economy in 2014, Ukraine managed to restore macroeconomic stability by adhering to flexible exchange rate limits, tight fiscal policy, financial and energy reforms. The signing of the Association Agreement with the EU in 2014 on the establishment of a Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area with the EU had a positive impact on Ukraine’s economy. It is investigated that in 2018 the share of micro, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Ukraine was over 90 % of the total number of enterprises. SMEs provided more than 60 % of jobs and almost 50 % of value-added in the business sector. More than 50 % of the SME structure is concentrated in wholesale and retail trade. The downside is the fact that most SMEs are concentrated in a low value-added sector of the economy. However, the share of SMEs engaged in IT technologies has been growing rapidly over the last five years. Wholesale and retail trade have the largest share (43.1 %) in the structure of small and medium enterprises in the Odessa region. Practical meaning. The results of the analysis will allow the authorities of the country and its individual territories to develop the necessary measures to improve business conditions, improve living standards and ensure the effectiveness of economic development of the territory. Prospects for further research. Development of an economic mechanism for the transformation of business processes in the system of competitive development of territories.

scholarly journals CO2 Recycling in the Iron and Steel Industry via Power-to-Gas and Oxy-Fuel Combustion

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 7090
Author(s):  
Jorge Perpiñán ◽  
Manuel Bailera ◽  
Luis M. Romeo ◽  
Begoña Peña ◽  
Valerie Eveloy
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Steel Industry ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Iron And Steel Industry ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Blast Furnace Gas ◽  
Coal Fuel ◽  
Steel Sector ◽  
Power To Gas

The iron and steel industry is the largest energy-consuming sector in the world. It is responsible for emitting 4–5% of the total anthropogenic CO2. As an energy-intensive industry, it is essential that the iron and steel sector accomplishes important carbon emission reduction. Carbon capture is one of the most promising alternatives to achieve this aim. Moreover, if carbon utilization via power-to-gas is integrated with carbon capture, there could be a significant increase in the interest of this alternative in the iron and steel sector. This paper presents several simulations to integrate oxy-fuel processes and power-to-gas in a steel plant, and compares gas productions (coke oven gas, blast furnace gas, and blast oxygen furnace gas), energy requirements, and carbon reduction with a base case in order to obtain the technical feasibility of the proposals. Two different power-to-gas technology implementations were selected, together with the oxy blast furnace and the top gas recycling technologies. These integrations are based on three strategies: (i) converting the blast furnace (BF) process into an oxy-fuel process, (ii) recirculating blast furnace gas (BFG) back to the BF itself, and (iii) using a methanation process to generate CH4 and also introduce it to the BF. Applying these improvements to the steel industry, we achieved reductions in CO2 emissions of up to 8%, and reductions in coal fuel consumption of 12.8%. On the basis of the results, we are able to conclude that the energy required to achieve the above emission savings could be as low as 4.9 MJ/kg CO2 for the second implementation. These values highlight the importance of carrying out future research in the implementation of carbon capture and power-to-gas in the industrial sector.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document