Climate Change Adaptation in Urban Areas: A Critical Assessment of the Structural and Non-structural Flood Protection Measures in Dhaka

2019 ◽  
pp. 161-173
Author(s):  
Md Asif Rahman ◽  
Sadya Islam
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
Flood Protection ◽  
Protection Measures

scholarly journals Enhancing the Ecological Value of Sea Dikes

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scheres ◽  
Schüttrumpf
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Interdisciplinary Collaboration ◽  
Ecological Value ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Surface Protection ◽  
Societal Needs ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
The World ◽  
Sea Dikes

Sea dikes protect low-lying hinterlands along many coasts all around the world. Commonly, they are designed as embankments with grass covers or grey revetments accounting for the prevailing hydraulic loads. So far, incorporation of ecological aspects in the dike design is limited. With regard to increasing environmental awareness and climate change adaptation needs, the present study reviews methods for ecological enhancement of sea dikes and discusses limitations and challenges related to these methods. In doing so, one key aspect is to maintain dike safety while increasing the ecological value. Potential for ecological enhancement of sea dikes has been found regarding natural or nature-based solutions in the foreshore, dike surface protection measures (vegetated dike covers, hard revetments and dike roads) and the dike geometry. While natural and nature-based solutions in the foreland are investigated thoroughly, so far only few experiences with ecological enhancements of the dike structure itself were gained resulting in uncertainties and knowledge gaps concerning the implementation and efficiency. Additional to technical uncertainties, engineers and ecologists meet the challenge of interdisciplinary collaboration under consideration of societal needs and expectations.

scholarly journals Households’ Adaptation to Climate Change Hazards in Semi-Arid Region of Mopani, South Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Musa Yusuf Jimoh ◽  
Peter Bikam ◽  
Hector Chikoore ◽  
James Chakwizira ◽  
Emaculate Ingwani
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

New climate change realities are no longer a doubtful phenomenon, but realities to adapt and live with. Its cogent impacts and implications’ dispositions pervade all sectors and geographic scales, making no sector or geographic area immune, nor any human endeavor spared from the associated adversities. The consequences of this emerging climate order are already manifesting, with narratives written beyond the alterations in temperature and precipitation, particularly in urban areas of semi-arid region of South Africa. The need to better understand and respond to the new climate change realities is particularly acute in this region. Thus, this chapter highlights the concept of adaptation as a fundamental component of managing climate change vulnerability, through identifying and providing insight in respect of some available climate change adaptation models and how these models fit within the premises and programmes of sustainable adaptation in semi-arid region with gaps identification. The efforts of governments within the global context are examined with households’ individual adaptation strategies to climate change hazards in Mopani District. The factors hindering the success of sustainable urban climate change adaptation strategic framework and urban households’ adaptive systems are also subjects of debate and constitute the concluding remarks to the chapter.

scholarly journals Climate change adaptation in urban areas. Case study for the Tineretului area in Bucharest

2017 ◽  
Vol 209 ◽  
pp. 188-194
Author(s):  
Mihai Stancu ◽  
Maria Cheveresan ◽  
Valentin Zaharia ◽  
Tudor Poienariu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Urban Areas

scholarly journals Urban Sustainability and Resilience Governance: Review from The Perspective of Climate Change Adaptation And Disaster Risk Reduction

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-98
Author(s):  
Novi Maulida Ni'mah ◽  
Muhammad Sani Roychansyah ◽  
Bambang Hari Wibisono
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Urban Governance ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Policy Formulation

The imperative of ‘making cities resilient and sustainable’ necessitates cities to develop adaptation concepts and practices in response to the uncertainty, rapid change, and complexity of urban areas. A new concept of governance that can answer the challenges of contemporary urban development and ensure long-term sustainable development is required. This study aimed to identify the general framework of adaptive urban governance by review, elaboration, and analysis of documents, in this case, scientific articles that discuss urban governance specifically related to climate change adaptation (CCA) and disaster risk reduction (DRR). The results of this study include an overview of governance approaches appearing in the literature on CCA and DRR, which was parsed down to the adaptive and anticipatory approaches. Adaptive governance requires the principle of flexibility applied in the management cycle in policy formulation, while anticipatory governance requires the principle of proactivity with the application of future foresight in policy formulation. The dimension of governance consists of process/mechanism (risk management) and capacity (technical, institutional, financial, and human capacity). Some challenges in building good governance based on an adaptive approach are encouraging community involvement, increasing local government capacities, and building integration between actors, networks, and collaborations.   Abstrak. Dalam menjadikan suatu kota tangguh dan berkelanjutan,  kota diharuskan untuk mengembangkan konsep dan praktik adaptasi dalam menanggapi ketidakpastian, perubahan yang cepat, dan kompleksitas kawasan perkotaan. Diperlukan konsep tata kelola baru yang dapat menjawab tantangan pembangunan perkotaan kontemporer dan memastikan pembangunan berkelanjutan jangka panjang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kerangka umum tata kelola kota adaptif dengan metode review, elaborasi, dan analisis dokumen, dalam hal ini artikel ilmiah yang membahas tentang tata kelola kota secara khusus terkait dengan adaptasi perubahan iklim (CCA) dan pengurangan risiko bencana (PRB). Hasil penelitian ini meliputi gambaran pendekatan tata kelola yang muncul dalam literatur CCA dan PRB, yang diuraikan menjadi pendekatan adaptif dan antisipatif. Tata kelola adaptif membutuhkan prinsip fleksibilitas yang diterapkan dalam siklus pengelolaan dalam perumusan kebijakan, sedangkan tata kelola antisipatif membutuhkan prinsip proaktif dengan penerapan pandangan jauh ke depan dalam perumusan kebijakan. Dimensi tata kelola terdiri dari proses / mekanisme (manajemen risiko) dan kapasitas (teknis, kelembagaan, keuangan, dan kapasitas manusia). Beberapa tantangan dalam membangun tata kelola pemerintahan yang baik berdasarkan pendekatan adaptif adalah mendorong keterlibatan masyarakat, meningkatkan kapasitas pemerintah daerah, dan membangun integrasi antar aktor, jaringan, dan kolaborasi.   Kata kunci: pendekatan tata kelola; tata kelola kota; pembangunan berkelanjutan; ketahanan; kerangka konseptual.

Presenting hydrological and data driven flood simulation-prediction methods to develop a decision-making model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Zare ◽  
Guy Schumann ◽  
Felix Norman Teferle ◽  
Patrick Matgen ◽  
Paul D. Bates
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Flash Floods ◽  
Flood Protection ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Flood Simulation ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Spatial Decision Making ◽  
Decision Making Model

<p>Flooding is the number one natural disaster in terms of insured and uninsured losses annually. The development of reliable methods for flood simulation have greatly improved our ability to predict floods thereby reducing damages and loss of life in flood-prone regions. However, there is still a lot of room for improvement and innovation to provide better predictions, especially for flash floods, particularly in urban areas  This is addressed in the present study, the goal of which it is to improve simulation and prediction of flash floods and to develop a spatial decision-making model for implementing flood protection measures. In this regard, different approaches for flood simulation and flood protection should be applied. The proposed methodology links flood hazard modeling, remote sensing and machine learning methods. Combining these physical models and data driven methods will result in a more reliable hybrid model that can be employed for prediction of (flash) floods and event analysis. In order to achieve the research goal of present study we: i) add more functionality to a hydrodynamic model code; ii) complement the latter with data driven methods ;iii) develop a spatial decision-making model framework for defining flood protection measures, iv) validate process-based and data driven methods, and finally v) cross-evaluate Light Detection And Radar (LiDAR) topography with available local super-resolution drone data to assess the ability to incorporate local flood defenses into the models. The most important outcome is the creation of valuable flood maps in areas where it matters - while accounting for effects of land use and climate change. This will serve scientists as well as land and risk management authorities with better actionable flood risk information in locations where people and assets are located and in danger. It also develops innovative methodologies for estimating the changing risk from flash floods based on land use scenarios and climate change projections. Moreover, developing spatial multi-criteria decision making (SMCDM) can help decision makers to determine suitable locations and methods for flood protection measures. These methods will be particularly valuable in the context of solving current challenges of accounting for and mitigating flash floods and the effects of climate change.</p>

scholarly journals Neonates in Ahmedabad, India, during the 2010 Heat Wave: A Climate Change Adaptation Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khyati Kakkad ◽  
Michelle L. Barzaga ◽  
Sylvan Wallenstein ◽  
Gulrez Shah Azhar ◽  
Perry E. Sheffield
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Heat Wave ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Vulnerable Populations ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Neonatal Morbidity ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Maternity Ward

Health effects from climate change are an international concern with urban areas at particular risk due to urban heat island effects. The burden of disease on vulnerable populations in non-climate-controlled settings has not been well studied. This study compared neonatal morbidity in a non-air-conditioned hospital during the 2010 heat wave in Ahmedabad to morbidity in the prior and subsequent years. The outcome of interest was neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions for heat. During the months of April, May, and June of 2010, 24 NICU admissions were for heat versus 8 and 4 in 2009 and 2011, respectively. Both the effect of moving the maternity ward and the effect of high temperatures were statistically significant, controlling for each other. Above 42 degrees Celsius, each daily maximum temperature increase of a degree was associated with 43% increase in heat-related admissions (95% CI 9.2–88%). Lower floor location of the maternity ward within hospital which occurred after the 2010 heat wave showed a protective effect. These findings demonstrate the importance of simple surveillance measures in motivating a hospital policy change for climate change adaptation—here relocating one ward—and the potential increasing health burden of heat in non-climate-controlled institutions on vulnerable populations.

scholarly journals INVESTMENT IN FLOOD PROTECTION MEASURES UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE UNCERTAINTY

2011 ◽  
Vol 02 (04) ◽  
pp. 321-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
KARIANNE DE BRUIN ◽  
ERIK ANSINK
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Flood Frequency ◽  
Flood Protection ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Scientific Uncertainty ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Uncertainty ◽  
The Impact

Recent severe river flooding in Europe has triggered debates among scientists and policy-makers on future projections of flood frequency and the need for adaptive investments, such as flood protection measures. Because there exists uncertainty about the impact of climate change on flood risk, such investments require a careful analysis of expected benefits and costs. The objective of this paper is to show how climate change uncertainty affects the decision to invest in flood protection measures. We develop a model that incorporates flexible timing of investment decisions and scientific uncertainty on the extent of climate change impact. This model allows decision-makers to cope with the uncertain impact of climate change on the frequency and damage of river flood events and minimizes the risk of under- or over-investment. One of the innovative elements of our paper is that we explicitly distinguish between structural and non-structural flood protection measures. Our results show that the effects of uncertainty on the optimal initial investment depends on the cost structure of these measures which has several important implications for flood management policy.

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