Epigenetic Alterations: The Relation Between Occupational Exposure and Biological Effects in Humans

2019 ◽  
pp. 265-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian Silva Kahl ◽  
Mónica Cappetta ◽  
Juliana Da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Epigenetic Alterations

scholarly journals Occupational Exposure to Fine Particles and Ultrafine Particles in a Steelmaking Foundry

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Marcias ◽  
Jacopo Fostinelli ◽  
Andrea Maurizio Sanna ◽  
Michele Uras ◽  
Simona Catalani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Ultrafine Particles ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Ultrafine Particle ◽  
Metallic Elements ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Inductively Coupled

Several studies have shown an increased mortality rate for different types of tumors, respiratory disease and cardiovascular morbidity associated with foundry work. Airborne particles were investigated in a steelmaking foundry using an electric low-pressure impactor (ELPI+™), a Philips Aerasense Nanotracer and traditional sampling equipment. Determination of metallic elements in the collected particles was carried out by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The median of ultrafine particle (UFP) concentration was between 4.91 × 103 and 2.33 × 105 part/cm3 (max. 9.48 × 106 part/cm3). Background levels ranged from 1.97 × 104 to 3.83 × 104 part/cm3. Alveolar and deposited tracheobronchial surface area doses ranged from 1.3 × 102 to 8.7 × 103 mm2, and 2.6 × 101 to 1.3 × 103 mm2, respectively. Resulting inhalable and respirable fraction and metallic elements were below limit values set by Italian legislation. A variable concentration of metallic elements was detected in the different fractions of UFPs in relation to the sampling site, the emission source and the size range. This data could be useful in order to increase the knowledge about occupational exposure to fine and ultrafine particles and to design studies aimed to investigate early biological effects associated with the exposure to particulate matter in the foundry industries.

scholarly journals Fullerenes: Characteristics of the substance, biological effects and occupational exposure levels

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Świdwińska-Gajewska ◽  
Sławomir Czerczak
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Exposure Levels

scholarly journals Role of RNA N6-Methyladenosine Modification in Male Infertility and Genital System Tumors

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Liu ◽  
Yongfeng Lao ◽  
Yanan Wang ◽  
Rongxin Li ◽  
Xuefeng Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Male Infertility ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Rna Modification ◽  
Genital System ◽  
Epigenetic Alterations ◽  
Rna Methylation ◽  
Tumor Diseases ◽  
Male Genital System ◽  
Male Genital

Epigenetic alterations, particularly RNA methylation, play a crucial role in many types of disease development and progression. Among them, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most common epigenetic RNA modification, and its important roles are not only related to the occurrence, progression, and aggressiveness of tumors but also affect the progression of many non-tumor diseases. The biological effects of RNA m6A modification are dynamically and reversibly regulated by methyltransferases (writers), demethylases (erasers), and m6A binding proteins (readers). This review summarized the current finding of the RNA m6A modification regulators in male infertility and genital system tumors and discussed the role and potential clinical application of the RNA m6A modification in spermatogenesis and male genital system tumors.

scholarly journals Epigenetic alterations and occupational exposure to benzene, fibers, and heavy metals associated with tumor development

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 3366-3371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rossella Salemi ◽  
Andrea Marconi ◽  
Valentina Di Salvatore ◽  
Sabrina Franco ◽  
Venerando Rapisarda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Epigenetic Alterations

Ultrastructural Changes in Three Different Mammalian Cells Following Ultraviolet Laser Irradiation

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 350-351
Author(s):  
K. Shankar Narayan ◽  
Kailash C. Gupta ◽  
Tohru Okigaki
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Light ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Differential Sensitivity ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Ultraviolet Laser

The biological effects of short-wave ultraviolet light has generally been described in terms of changes in cell growth or survival rates and production of chromosomal aberrations. Ultrastructural changes following exposure of cells to ultraviolet light, particularly at 265 nm, have not been reported.We have developed a means of irradiating populations of cells grown in vitro to a monochromatic ultraviolet laser beam at a wavelength of 265 nm based on the method of Johnson. The cell types studies were: i) WI-38, a human diploid fibroblast; ii) CMP, a human adenocarcinoma cell line; and iii) Don C-II, a Chinese hamster fibroblast cell strain. The cells were exposed either in situ or in suspension to the ultraviolet laser (UVL) beam. Irradiated cell populations were studied either "immediately" or following growth for 1-8 days after irradiation.Differential sensitivity, as measured by survival rates were observed in the three cell types studied. Pattern of ultrastructural changes were also different in the three cell types.

Genomic analysis of C-type lectins

2002 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 59-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt Drickamer ◽  
Andrew J. Fadden
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Cell Signalling ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Binding Activity ◽  
Immunoglobulin Superfamily ◽  
Carbohydrate Binding ◽  
Carbohydrate Recognition ◽  
Calcium Dependent ◽  
Binding Domains ◽  
Carbohydrate Recognition Domains

Many biological effects of complex carbohydrates are mediated by lectins that contain discrete carbohydrate-recognition domains. At least seven structurally distinct families of carbohydrate-recognition domains are found in lectins that are involved in intracellular trafficking, cell adhesion, cell–cell signalling, glycoprotein turnover and innate immunity. Genome-wide analysis of potential carbohydrate-binding domains is now possible. Two classes of intracellular lectins involved in glycoprotein trafficking are present in yeast, model invertebrates and vertebrates, and two other classes are present in vertebrates only. At the cell surface, calcium-dependent (C-type) lectins and galectins are found in model invertebrates and vertebrates, but not in yeast; immunoglobulin superfamily (I-type) lectins are only found in vertebrates. The evolutionary appearance of different classes of sugar-binding protein modules parallels a development towards more complex oligosaccharides that provide increased opportunities for specific recognition phenomena. An overall picture of the lectins present in humans can now be proposed. Based on our knowledge of the structures of several of the C-type carbohydrate-recognition domains, it is possible to suggest ligand-binding activity that may be associated with novel C-type lectin-like domains identified in a systematic screen of the human genome. Further analysis of the sequences of proteins containing these domains can be used as a basis for proposing potential biological functions.

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