AM Fungi and Trichoderma Interaction for Biological Control of Soilborne Plant Pathogen Fusarium oxysporum

2019 ◽  
pp. 95-128
Author(s):  
Khirood Doley ◽  
Mahesh Borde ◽  
Mohan Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Soilborne Plant Pathogen

Fungal Root Endophytes from Musa spp. as Biological Control Agents against the Plant Pathogen Fusarium oxysporum

Acta Manilana ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Edison E Dela Cruz ◽  
Nikki Heherson A Dagamac ◽  
Paolo G Sogono ◽  
Rizza Celina B Cabalfin ◽  
Andre Cedrick Y Adducul
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Root Endophytes ◽  
Fungal Root Endophytes

scholarly journals UTILIZATION OF ARBUSCULAR MICORRHIZAL FUNGI TO CONTROL FUSARIUM WILT OF TOMATOES (PEMANFAATAN JAMUR MIKORIZA ARBUSKULAR UNTUK MENGENDALIKAN LAYU FUSARIUM PADA TOMAT)

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Theodorsius Pedai ◽  
Bambang Hadisutrisno ◽  
Achmadi Priyatmojo
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Untreated Plant

ABSTRACTTomato is a vegetable crop which is preferred by the Indonesian people. The problem encountered in tomato production is Fusarium wilt which is known as devastating disease. Studies have been done to solve the problem but effective and inexpensive control technique is still questioned. This study aimed to ascertain the ability of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) fungi as biological control agent in reducing tomato Fusarium wilt. Research was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments and 10 replications. The treatments were untreated plants, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici inoculated plants, AM fungi inoculated plants, AM fungi + F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici inoculated plants, F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici + benomyl inoculated plants. The results showed that plants which were inoculated with AM fungi had better growth compared to those which were not inoculated with AM fungi. Moreover, plants which were inoculated with AM fungi showed lower disease intensity compared to untreated plant and inoculated plant with F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici + benomyl application. Orthogonal contrast analysis showed plants treated with AM fungi significantly perform better growth and resistance towards infection compared with other treatments. Thus, it concluded that AM fungi had the potency as biological control agent.Keywords: AM fungi, disease intensity, Fusarium wilt, tomato INTISARITomat merupakan tanaman sayuran yang banyak digemari masyarakat Indonesia. Salah satu pengganggu utama pada tomat adalah penyakit layu Fusarium yang disebabkan oleh Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici dan menimbulkan masalah yang serius. Kerugian yang ditimbulkan oleh penyakit tersebut sangat besar sehingga perlu dicari cara pengendalian yang murah, efektif, dan aman. Penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan jamur mikoriza arbuskular (JMA) sebagai agens pengendali hayati dalam menekan penyakit layu Fusarium pada tomat ini dilakukan dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri atas 5 perlakuan dan 10 ulangan. Perlakuan meliputi kontrol, inokulasi F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici, inokulasi JMA, inokulasi JMA dan F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici, inokulasi F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici dan aplikasi fungisida benomil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tomat yang diinokulasi JMA memiliki pertumbuhan yang lebih baik dibandingkan yang tidak diinokulasi JMA. Intensitas penyakit pada tomat yang diinokulasi JMA lebih rendah, baik dibandingkan dengan kontrol maupun dengan perlakuan F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici dan aplikasi fungisida. Hasil analisis kontras orthogonal menunjukkan bahwa tomat bermikoriza berbeda nyata bila dibandingkan dengan yang tidak diinokulasi JMA maupun yang diaplikasi benomil. Terjadi peningkatan pertumbuhan tomat dan penekanan intensitas penyakit layu Fusarium, sehingga JMA berpotensi sebagai agens pengendali hayati (APH).Kata kunci: intensitas penyakit, JMA, layu Fusarium, tomat

scholarly journals Developmentally Regulated Oscillations in the Expression of UV Repair Genes in a Soilborne Plant Pathogen Dictate UV Repair Efficiency and Survival

mBio ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shira Milo-Cochavi ◽  
Sheera Adar ◽  
Shay Covo
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Repair Gene ◽  
Repair Capacity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Repair Genes

ABSTRACT The ability to withstand UV damage shapes the ecology of microbes. While mechanisms of UV tolerance were extensively investigated in microorganisms regularly exposed to the sun, far less is known about UV repair of soilborne microorganisms. Fusarium oxysporum is a soilborne fungal plant pathogen that is resistant to UV light. We hypothesized that its UV repair capacity is induced to deal with irregular sun exposure. Unlike the SOS paradigm, our analysis revealed only sporadic increases and even decreases in UV repair gene expression following UVC irradiation or exposure to visible light. Strikingly, a major factor determining the expression of UV repair genes was the developmental status of the fungus. At the early stages of germination, the expression of photolyase increased while the expression of UV endonuclease decreased, and then the trend was reversed. These gene expression oscillations were dependent on cell cycle progression. Consequently, the contribution of photoreactivation to UV repair and survival was stronger at the beginning of germination than later when a filament was established. F. oxysporum germinates following cues from the host. Early on in germination, it is most vulnerable to UV; when the filament is established, the pathogen is protected from the sun because it is already within the host tissue. IMPORTANCE Fusarium oxysporum infects plants through the roots and therefore is not exposed to the sun regularly. However, the ability to survive sun exposure expands the distribution of the population. UV from the sun is toxic and mutagenic, and to survive sun exposure, fungi encode several DNA repair mechanisms. We found that Fusarium oxysporum has a gene expression program that activates photolyase at the first hours of germination when the pathogen is not established in the plant tissue. Later on, the expression of photolyase decreases, and the expression of a light-independent UV repair mechanism increases. We suggest a novel point of view to a very fundamental question of how soilborne microorganisms defend themselves against sudden UV exposure.

Biological control of Fusarium wilt of cucumber with nonpathogenic isolates of Fusarium oxysporum

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 349-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. Paulitz ◽  
C. S. Park ◽  
R. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Control Activity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cucumber Roots ◽  
Linear Regressions

Nonpathogenic isolates of Fusarium oxysporum were obtained from surface-disinfested, symptomless cucumber roots grown in two raw (nonautoclaved) soils. These isolates were screened for pathogenicity and biological control activity against Fusarium wilt of cucumber in raw soil infested with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum (F.o.c.). The influence of three isolates effective in inducing suppressiveness and three ineffective isolates on disease incidence over time was tested. The effective isolates reduced the infection rate (R), based on linear regressions of data transformed to loge (1/1 – y). Effective isolate C5 was added to raw soil infested with various inoculum densities of F.o.c. In treatments without C5, the increase in inoculum densities of F.o.c. decreased the incubation period of wilt disease, but there was no significant difference in infection rate among the inoculum density treatments. Isolate C5 reduced the infection rate at all inoculum densities of F.o.c. Various inoculum densities of C5 were added to raw soils infested with 1000 cfu/g of F.o.c. In the first trial, infection rates were reduced only in the treatment with 10 000 cfu/g of C5; in the second trial, infection rates were reduced in treatments with 10 000 and 30 000 cfu/g of C5.

scholarly journals Biological control of Fusarium oxysporum causal agent of gladiolus corm rot by streptomycetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania Ameyally Rios-Hernández ◽  
Alberto Uc-Varguez ◽  
Zahaed Evangelista-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Causal Agent

<em>Fusarium oxysporum</em> causa la pudrición del cormo en gladiolo provocando pérdidas de hasta el 100%. Se seleccionaron aislados de Fusarium a partir de cormos infectados, se identificó morfológica y molecularmente y se seleccionó un aislado a partir de prueba de patogenicidad. Se seleccionó entre 22 aislados de estreptomicetos una cepa que presentó una actividad antagonista del 40% contra <em>Fusarium</em>. Se obtuvo el Extracto Bioactivo (EB) mediante Fermentación en Fase Sólida y se determinó la concentración mínima inhibitoria (MIC) y concentración mínima letal (MLC) por el método de microdilución. Se obtuvo una MIC para el EB de 0.19 mg mL-1 y una MLC de 0.38 mg mL-1, que se confirmó con un ensayo de germinación de microconidios a 8 h, mostrando un porcentaje de inhibición del 17 y 98% para ¼ y ½ de la MIC. Se evaluó el efecto del EB a 1 y 2 MIC’s de concentración contra la pudrición en cormos de gladiolo infectados, obteniendo un efecto protector en los cormos al mantener su dureza después de 15 días, en comparación con el fungicida Carbendazim. Los resultados indican a <em>Streptomyces</em> sp., como un potencial agente de control biológico contra <em>F. oxysporum</em>.

scholarly journals Immobilized Bacillus subtilis by ionic gelation as biocontrol alternative of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Castañeda Alvarez Estefania ◽  
Sánchez Leal Ligia
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Ionic Gelation ◽  
Cellular Viability ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Control Activity ◽  
Pests And Diseases

For farmers the use of agrochemicals is the preferred method to control pests and diseases. Considering the market demand for biological control products, the encapsulation could be a competent alternative to current commercial formulations for cellular viability and controlled release. The purpose of this study was to use ionic gelation with sodium alginate, starch and maltodextrin to immobilize Bacillus subtilis and to evaluate the biocontrol effect against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici in vitro. The matrix with a concentration of 2% sodium alginate, 1% starch, and 1% maltodextrin is a suitable method for cellular viability and biological control activity against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, with a reduction of mycelial growth of 49.6% and a survival rate for Bacillus subtilis of 98.05% (p less than 0.0001).The use of immobilized bacteria as biological control agents are sustainable and effective bio-inputs that could be used at industrial scale and benefit the tomato crops against attack by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici.

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