Shower Development

2019 ◽  
pp. 53-73
Author(s):  
Michele Livan ◽  
Richard Wigmans
Keyword(s):  
Shower Development

A study of hadronic shower development in the ECAL of the alpha magnetic spectrometer II

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 763-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing-Jing Zang ◽  
Guo-Ming Chen ◽  
Jian-Guo Bian ◽  
Jia-Wei Fan ◽  
Zu-Hao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Spectrometer ◽  
Hadronic Shower ◽  
Shower Development ◽  
Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer

scholarly journals Atmospheric Muons Measured with IceCube

2019 ◽  
Vol 208 ◽  
pp. 08007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Soldin
Keyword(s):  
Angular Distribution ◽  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Cherenkov Detector ◽  
South Pole ◽  
Lateral Separation ◽  
Hadronic Interactions ◽  
Air Shower ◽  
Shower Development ◽  
Detector Volume

IceCube is a cubic-kilometer Cherenkov detector in the deep ice at the geographic South Pole. The dominant event yield is produced by penetrating atmospheric muons with energies above several 100 GeV. Due to its large detector volume, IceCube provides unique opportunities to study atmospheric muons with large statistics in detail. Measurements of the energy spectrum and the lateral separation distribution of muons offer insights into hadronic interactions during the air shower development and can be used to test hadronic models. We will present an overview of various measurements of atmospheric muons in IceCube, including the energy spectrum of muons between 10 TeV and 1 PeV. This is used to derive an estimate of the prompt contribution of muons, originating from the decay of heavy (mainly charmed) hadrons and unflavored mesons. We will also present measurements of the lateral separation distributions of TeV muons between 150m and 450m for several initial cosmic ray energies between 1 PeV and 16 PeV. Finally, the angular distribution of atmospheric muons in IceCube will be discussed.

scholarly journals Average shape of longitudinal shower profiles measured at the Pierre Auger Observatory

2019 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 02015
Author(s):  
Sofia Andringa ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Pierre Auger Observatory ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Shape Parameters ◽  
Hadronic Interactions ◽  
Shower Development ◽  
Shower Maximum ◽  
Detailed Composition ◽  
First Time

The average profiles of cosmic ray shower development as a function of atmospheric depth are measured for the first time with the Fluorescence Detectors at the Pierre Auger Observatory. The profile shapes are well reproduced by the Gaisser-Hillas parametrization at the 1% level in a 500 g/cm2 interval around the shower maximum, for cosmic rays with log(E/eV) > 17.8. The results are quantified with two shape parameters, measured as a function of energy. The average profiles carry information on the primary cosmic ray and its high energy hadronic interactions. The shape parameters predicted by the commonly used models are compatible with the measured ones within experimental uncertainties. Those uncertainties are dominated by systematics which, at present, prevent a detailed composition analysis.

SIMULATION OF RADIO SIGNALS FROM 1-10 TeV AIR SHOWERS USING EGSNRC

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (supp01) ◽  
pp. 65-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Engel ◽  
N. N. Kalmykov ◽  
A. A. Konstantinov
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Radio Emission ◽  
Monte Carlo Simulations ◽  
Frequency Spectrum ◽  
Radial Dependence ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Shower Development ◽  
Radio Signals ◽  
The Individual

Cherenkov and geosynchrotron radiation are considered as two fundamental mechanisms of the radio emission generated by extensive air showers (EAS). The code EGSnrc is used for Monte-Carlo simulations of the individual shower development. Calculations of the radial dependence and frequency spectrum of the emitted radiation are performed for the LOPES experiment frequency range.

Measurements of cosmic-ray air shower development at energies above 10 to the 17th eV

1990 ◽  
Vol 356 ◽  
pp. 669 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Cassiday ◽  
R. Cooper ◽  
S. C. Corbato ◽  
B. R. Dawson ◽  
J. W. Elbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Air Shower ◽  
Shower Development

scholarly journals Characteristics of air showers with energy more than 1017 eV reconstructed by the Yakutsk array radio emission measurements

2019 ◽  
Vol 208 ◽  
pp. 08017
Author(s):  
Stanislav Knurenko ◽  
Igor Petrov
Keyword(s):  
Radio Emission ◽  
Energy Region ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Mixed Composition ◽  
Yakutsk Array ◽  
Air Shower ◽  
High Energies ◽  
Shower Development ◽  
Region 10 ◽  
Maximum Development

The paper presents results on the longitudinal development of air showers of ultra-high energies obtained from radio emission measurements at the Yakutsk array. The energy, the depth of maximum development of individual showers are determined and a statistical analysis of Xmax in order to estimate the fluctuation of air shower development σ(Xmax) in the energy region 1017-1018 eV is performed. It is shown that σ(Xmax) in the energy region 1017-1018 eV is equal to 50-60 g·cm-2, which doesn’t contradict with a mixed composition of cosmic rays - protons and helium nuclei. This is also indicated by data of the Xmax value dependence on energy.

scholarly journals Zenith Angle Dependence of Cosmic Ray Shower Development from Observations of the Time Structure of Atmospheric Cerenkov Pulses

1980 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 607 ◽  
Author(s):  
RW Clay ◽  
GJ Thornton
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Zenith Angle ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Time Structure ◽  
Extensive Air Showers ◽  
Attenuation Length ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Angle Dependence ◽  
Shower Development

The attenuation of extensive air showers has been studied using atmospheric Cerenkov techniques. Observations over a range of zenith angles are correlated and an attenuation length of 234 � 38 g cm ? 2 obtained for showers with sea-level sizes of ~ 106 ?

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