Using Chatbots to Support Medical and Psychological Treatment Procedures: Challenges, Opportunities, Technologies, Reference Architecture

This paper presents a clinical case of trichotillomania. Therefore, the aim of this study is to present in detail the procedure followed in a case of trichotillomania in a public health context, using cognitive-behavioral techniques, in order to deepen the knowledge of the efficacy of these treatment procedures and demonstrate the feasibility of implementation.The results obtained show significant improvements in different clinical aspects: first, the hair pulling behavior disappeared completely; moreover, anxiety diminished significantly and mood normalized. All these results allow us to conclude that the intervention was successful.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Polydrug Detoxification Unit

Drug Intelligence & Clinical Pharmacy ◽

10.1177/106002807500901201 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 638-647 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Larry N. Swanson ◽

Gilbert A. Steiner ◽

H. Richard Henderson ◽

Kenneth G. Schooff

Keyword(s):

Drug Abuse ◽

Psychological Treatment ◽

Primary Objective ◽

Full Time ◽

Clinical Expertise ◽

Drug Interference ◽

Drug History ◽

Sedative Hypnotics ◽

Education Resource ◽

Treatment Procedures

In November 1973, a 16-bed polydrug detoxification unit was opened at Harper Hospital in Detroit, Michigan. The primary objective of the unit is to develop a better understanding of the polydrug abuser and to develop detoxification and psychological treatment procedures which can be applied in other settings. Criteria for admission to the unit includes primary dependency on abusable substances other than alcohol or heroin (i.e. barbiturates, other sedative-hypnotics, amphetamines, hallucinogens, etc.). Each patient is admitted to the program for a 30-day inpatient stay. The expertise of multiple health care disciplines is used collectively to provide intensive therapeutic management of the patient. Pharmacy participation began as a clinical rotation for Pharm.D. students. Subsequently, a full-time clinical pharmacist was hired by the project and his activities have become an integral part of the functioning of the program. Pharmacy involvement has included participation in the following areas: (1) obtain initial drug history to determine patient eligibility, (2) determine need for detoxification regimen, (3) aid in the development of individual patient drug withdrawal protocols, (4) monitor urine and blood drug levels for abusable substances and secondary drug interference, (5) serve as a drug information and drug abuse education resource person, and (6) tabulate pertinent individual patient drug abuse data. Participation on this unit has provided the pharmacist with valuable clinical expertise in the management of the polydrug abuser and has established another potentially useful role for the clinically-trained pharmacist.

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Comparative Efficacy of Psychological Treatment Procedures for Disaster Responders and Victims

Prehospital and Disaster Medicine ◽

10.1017/s1049023x00009043 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 17 (S2) ◽

pp. S7-S8

Author(s):

Gloria Leon

Keyword(s):

Psychological Treatment ◽

Comparative Efficacy ◽

Treatment Procedures

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The Need for a Broad-Based Model of Phonological Disorders

Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools ◽

10.1044/0161-1461.2303.261 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 261-268 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Alan G. Kamhi

Keyword(s):

Speech Production ◽

Phonological Disorders ◽

Production Processes ◽

Assessment And Treatment ◽

Speech Delays ◽

Explanatory Adequacy ◽

State Of Affairs ◽

Assessment Procedures ◽

Treatment Procedures

My response to Fey’s article (1985; reprinted 1992, this issue) focuses on the confusion caused by the application of simplistic phonological definitions and models to the assessment and treatment of children with speech delays. In addition to having no explanatory adequacy, such definitions/models lead either to assessment and treatment procedures that are similarly focused or to procedures that have no clear logical ties to the models with which they supposedly are linked. Narrowly focused models and definitions also usually include no mention of speech production processes. Bemoaning this state of affairs, I attempt to show why it is important for clinicians to embrace broad-based models of phonological disorders that have some explanatory value. Such models are consistent with assessment procedures that are comprehensive in nature and treatment procedures that focus on linguistic, as well as motoric, aspects of speech.

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Chronic Pain: Fundamental Scientific Considerations, Specifically for Legal Claims

Guides Newsletter ◽

10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.2013.janfeb01 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 1-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Robert J. Barth

Keyword(s):

Health Outcomes ◽

Pain Perception ◽

Driving Forces ◽

Psychological Treatment ◽

Dominant Role ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

General Medicine ◽

Pain Syndrome ◽

Problematic Relationship

Abstract Scientific findings have indicated that psychological and social factors are the driving forces behind most chronic benign pain presentations, especially in a claim context, and are relevant to at least three of the AMA Guides publications: AMA Guides to Evaluation of Disease and Injury Causation, AMA Guides to Work Ability and Return to Work, and AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment. The author reviews and summarizes studies that have identified the dominant role of financial, psychological, and other non–general medicine factors in patients who report low back pain. For example, one meta-analysis found that compensation results in an increase in pain perception and a reduction in the ability to benefit from medical and psychological treatment. Other studies have found a correlation between the level of compensation and health outcomes (greater compensation is associated with worse outcomes), and legal systems that discourage compensation for pain produce better health outcomes. One study found that, among persons with carpal tunnel syndrome, claimants had worse outcomes than nonclaimants despite receiving more treatment; another examined the problematic relationship between complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) and compensation and found that cases of CRPS are dominated by legal claims, a disparity that highlights the dominant role of compensation. Workers’ compensation claimants are almost never evaluated for personality disorders or mental illness. The article concludes with recommendations that evaluators can consider in individual cases.

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Are Individuals in Rorschach Nonpatient Samples Truly Psychologically Healthy?

Rorschachiana Journal of the International Society for the Rorschach ◽

10.1027/1192-5604/a000052 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 112-155 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Anna Maria Rosso ◽

Andrea Camoirano ◽

Gabriele Schiaffino

Keyword(s):

Psychological Treatment ◽

Coping Styles ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Future Research ◽

Extensive Form ◽

Community Needs ◽

Rorschach Comprehensive System ◽

Form Quality ◽

And Coping ◽

Rorschach Variables

Abstract. The aim of this study was to collect a Rorschach Comprehensive System (RCS) adult nonpatient sample from Italy using more stringent exclusion criteria and controlling for psychopathology, taking into account the methodological suggestions of Ritzler and Sciara (2008) . The authors hypothesized that: (a) adult nonpatient samples are not truly psychologically healthy, in that a high number of psychopathological symptoms are experienced by participants, particularly anxiety and depression, although they have never been in psychological treatment; (b) significant differences emerge between healthy and nonhealthy groups on Rorschach variables, particularly on CS psychopathological indexes; (c) RCS psychopathological indexes are significantly correlated in the expected direction with scores on psychopathological scales. The results confirmed the hypotheses, indicating the need to collect psychologically healthy samples in addition to normative and nonpatient samples. Because differences were found in the comparison between Exner’s sample (2007) and the healthy group in this study regarding form quality and coping styles, the authors suggest that future research should investigate the construct validity of ambitent style and culturally specific influences on form quality. Moreover, the Rorschach scientific community needs to have more extensive form quality tables, enriched with objects that are currently not included.

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