scholarly journals The Use of Remote Sensing to Enhance Biodiversity Monitoring and Detection: A Critical Challenge for the Twenty-First Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Jeannine Cavender-Bares ◽  
John A. Gamon ◽  
Philip A. Townsend
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Biodiversity Monitoring ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The Status ◽  
Monitoring Of Biodiversity ◽  
Terrestrial Biodiversity ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

AbstractImproved detection and monitoring of biodiversity is critical at a time when the Earth’s biodiversity loss due to human activities is accelerating at an unprecedented rate. We face the largest loss of biodiversity in human history, a loss which has been called the “sixth mass extinction” (Leakey 1996; Kolbert 2014), given that its magnitude is in proportion to past extinction episodes in Earth history detectable from the fossil record. International efforts to conserve biodiversity (United Nations 2011) and to develop an assessment process to document changes in the status and trends of biodiversity globally through the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (Díaz et al. 2015) have raised awareness about the critical need for continuous monitoring of biodiversity at multiple spatial scales across the globe. Biodiversity itself—the variation in life found among ecosystems and organisms at any level of biological organization—cannot practically be observed everywhere. However, if habitats, functional traits, trait diversity, and the spatial turnover of plant functions can be remotely sensed, the potential exists to globally inventory the diversity of habitats and traits associated with terrestrial biodiversity. To face this challenge, there have been recent calls for a global biodiversity monitoring system (Jetz et al. 2016; Proença et al. 2017; The National Academy of Sciences 2017). A central theme of this volume is that remote sensing (RS) will play a key role in such a system.

Satellite-based monitoring of biodiversity

2019 ◽  
pp. 20-36
Author(s):  
Nathalie Pettorelli
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Satellite Remote Sensing ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Species Traits ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Multiple Spatial Scales ◽  
Satellite Information ◽  
Monitoring Of Biodiversity ◽  
Composition Structure

This chapter explores how satellite information can help track biodiversity at multiple spatial scales and resolutions. To attempt to capture the various organisational dimensions of biodiversity, the chapter focuses on six classes of variables: genetic structure and composition, species populations, species traits, ecosystem extent and structure, ecosystem composition, and ecosystem functions. From helping map species and ecosystem distribution to supporting the monitoring of ecosystem composition, structure, and functioning, this contribution provides a series of examples that demonstrate how satellite remote sensing can open multiple opportunities for various stakeholders to improve on the management of wildlife. The chapter concludes with a discussion on limitations and possible ways forward.

scholarly journals The history of the Scientific Center for Aerospace Research of the Earth of the Institute of Geological Sciences of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Earth remote sensing development in the Kyiv department of the Institute of Geology and Fossil

2018 ◽  
pp. 20-28
Author(s):  
Anton Mychak
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
General Nature ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The analysis of the development of methods for remote sensing of the Earth in the oil and gas prospecting industry in the period from 1979 to 1992 in the Kiev Department of the Institute of Geology and Fossil Fuels Development of the USSR Ministry of Petroleum Industry and the USSR Academy of Sciences (KD IG FFD) is presented. The structure and main scientific and methodological problems that were solved by the team of specialists of the KD IG FFD are given. The main scientific and methodological results of the Kiev department are presented: maps, methodological recommendations, successful results of forecasting oil and gas prospecting structures on the territory of Ukraine and oil and gas provinces of the former USSR. The leading role of KD IG FFD in the training of specialists in the use of aerospace methods in the study of oil and gas bearing regions and, in general, nature management is emphasized.

scholarly journals Institute of Philosophy: Traditions and Innovations

2021 ◽  
Vol - (4) ◽  
pp. 13-26
Author(s):  
Anatoliy Yermolenko ◽  
Serhii Yosypenko
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Social Discourse ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Soviet Marxism ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
The Status ◽  
New Research ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The article is devoted to the historical and philosophical analysis of the unique and paradigmatic role of the H.S. Skovoroda Institute of Philosophy, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine in the philosophical life of Ukraine for 75 years since its foundation. The authors outline its role in the process of institutionalizing philosophy in Ukraine from the time of the domination of the dogmas of Soviet Marxism to the introduction of current research traditions in modern Ukrainian philosophy. The continuity and peculiarities of the change of generations of researchers in the field of philosophy and the involvement of Ukrainian philosophical thought in the world intellectual discourse are studied. The article's authors reveal the gradual formation of the Kyiv philosophical tradition, the role of the Institute's leadership in the style and nature of scientific research of certain periods. Particular attention is paid to the institutionalization of new research areas at the Institute, such as political philosophy, philosophy of language and speech, which belong to the leading paradigm of modern philosophy. Attention is paid to the cooperation of the Institute with domestic scientific and educational institutions, its international relations. The status of the leading professional publications, which became significant both in Soviet times and during independence, is highlighted. Finally, the article notes the role and tasks of the Institute in modern social discourse, focuses on the values, the preservation of which is taken care of by representatives of the Institute.

scholarly journals The Legal Defense of Radio Astronomy

1991 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 310-317
Author(s):  
James G. Ennis
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Radio Astronomy ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Space Research ◽  
Radio Interference ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Wildlife Tracking ◽  
Radio Frequencies ◽  
Legal Defense ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The purpose of this paper is to describe one program of the National Academy of Sciences’ Committee on Radio Frequencies (“CORF”). This program uses legal means to protect radio astronomy frequencies from radio interference.CORF is composed of eminent scientists from the fields of radio astronomy, space research, remote sensing, meteorology, and wildlife tracking who use radio frequencies in conducting their research. CORF’s primary objective is to limit the level of harmful man-made interference in the bands used by these scientists as much as possible.

scholarly journals Paleontology: advancing China's international leadership

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-176
Author(s):  
Hepeng Jia
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Associate Editor ◽  
Leadership Role ◽  
State University ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Chinese Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The Status ◽  
Organismic Evolution ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Robust Evidence

Abstract In recent years, Chinese scientists have achieved significant progress in paleontological discoveries and scientific studies. Series of studies published in top journals, such as Science, Nature and Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS), have astonished the world by presenting beautiful fossils that furnish robust evidence to enrich the understanding of organismic evolution, major extinctions and stratigraphy. It has been portrayed as the heyday in the paleontology of China. What is the status of the field? What factors have caused the avalanche of fossil discoveries in China? What implications can these new discoveries provide for our understanding of current evolution theories? How, given their significant contribution to the world's paleontology scholarship, can Chinese scientists play a due leadership role in the field? At an online forum organized by the National Science Review (NSR), its associate editor-in-chief, Zhonghe Zhou, asked four scientists in the field as well as NSR executive editor-in-chief Mu-ming Poo to join the discussion. Jin Meng Paleobiologist at American Museum of Natural History Mu-ming Poo Neurobiologist at Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shuzhong Shen Stratigrapher at Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shuhai Xiao Paleobiologist and geobiologist at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Zhonghe Zhou (Chair) Paleobiologist at Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology (IVPP), Chinese Academy of Sciences

scholarly journals Essential Biodiversity Variables: Integrating In-Situ Observations and Remote Sensing Through Modeling

2020 ◽  
pp. 485-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Néstor Fernández ◽  
Simon Ferrier ◽  
Laetitia M. Navarro ◽  
Henrique M. Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Data Integration ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Biodiversity Monitoring ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Biodiversity Data ◽  
Essential Biodiversity Variables ◽  
Critical Components

AbstractEssential biodiversity variables (EBVs) are designed to support the detection and quantification of biodiversity change and to define priorities in biodiversity monitoring. Unlike most primary observations of biodiversity phenomena, EBV products should provide information readily available to produce policy-relevant biodiversity indicators, ideally at multiple spatial scales, from global to subnational. This information is typically complex to produce from a single set of data or type of observation, thus requiring approaches that integrate multiple sources of in situ and remote sensing (RS) data. Here we present an up-to-date EBV concept for biodiversity data integration and discuss the critical components of workflows for EBV production. We argue that open and reproducible workflows for data integration are critical to ensure traceability and reproducibility so that each EBV endures and can be updated as novel biodiversity models are adopted, new observation systems become available, and new data sets are incorporated. Fulfilling the EBV vision requires strengthening efforts to mobilize massive amounts of in situ biodiversity data that are not yet publicly available and taking full advantage of emerging RS technologies, novel biodiversity models, and informatics infrastructures, in alignment with the development of a globally coordinated system for biodiversity monitoring.

Global conservation

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ned Horning ◽  
Julie A. Robinson ◽  
Eleanor J. Sterling ◽  
Woody Turner ◽  
Sacha Spector
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Sensing Systems ◽  
Lunar Mission ◽  
Remote Sensing Systems ◽  
National Governments

On 24 December 1968, as they watched the half-illuminated earthrise over the surface of the moon, the crew of the Apollo 8 lunar mission captured an image that changed humankind’s view of our planet and our place on it. The earthrise image and other iconic global images like the “blue marble” photo taken by the crew of Apollo 17 in 1972 gave us, for the first time, a global view of our fragile home within the vastness of space. These early global images helped promote environmental awareness around the world and were instrumental in the development of the field of remote sensing (Lowman 1999). However, it would take some time for the research community to compile and use global-scale imagery from space in the ecological sciences. Improvements in passive and active remote sensing systems placed in orbit by national governments and the growing commercial satellite sector have given us an “end-to-end” remote sensing capability that allows us to make measurements of important environmental phenomena from very local to global spatial scales (of course, airborne remote sensing systems have long enhanced our ability to capture information at local scales). Data depicting the social and economic drivers of biodiversity loss are also available globally from a variety of sources. These different data sets can now be brought together with powerful, affordable, spatially referenced computing technologies, e.g., GIS and GPS, which were unimaginable when the Apollo missions sent back their images. The entire Apollo spacecraft’s computing power was less than that of today’s mobile phone. Taken together, these advances have made it possible to grapple with the complexities and scale of addressing conservation challenges at the global level. This chapter elaborates the role of remote sensing as one among several catalysts driving the development of new approaches to ecology and conservation biology at the global level. In the early 1980s, NASA initiated its Global Habitability program (NASA 1983; Waldrop 1986; Running et al. 2004). This program sought to answer the big question of how the biosphere partitions its energy and mass.

Science and the Growth of the American Republic

1976 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Bernard Cohen
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Public Image ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
American Science ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Scientific Teaching ◽  
The Status ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Direction Of Movement ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Just a few years ago, it was estimated that 90 percent of all the scientists and engineers who had ever lived were still alive; and that more than half of them were resident in the United States. These numbers show the status of America as a major scientific nation, and the reason why this is a fact of critical importance for the historical analyst in 1976 is that only 40 years ago America could probably still be classed as an “undeveloped” (or “developing”) country on the highest scale of the international scientific community. Before addressing myself to the causes of this change and its consequences for American political and social thought and action, for the American conscience and for America's public image and self-image, let me indicate the kind of evidence that supports my assertion that America might be considered “underdeveloped” with respect to the sciences, prior to 1935. First of all, there was an almost wholly one-way direction of movement of graduate and postdoctoral students: eastward over the Atlantic to the great European centers of scientific teaching and research. Although there were some fields in which Americans had been making outstanding contributions, such as experimental and theoretical genetics, by and large the great overarching theories that either introduced order into one of the sciences, or brought diverse branches of science into an unexpected relationship, or revolutionized much of science, were produced by Europeans: Rutherford, the Curies, Einstein, Bohr, Pauli, Heisenberg, Schrödinger, Dirac. In 1963, in an address on the occasion of the centenary celebrations of our National Academy of Sciences, John F. Kennedy observed that of the 670 members of the Academy, 163 (or one out of every four) had been born in foreign lands—a figure that differed in order of magnitude from the condition in any other country, and that showed the degree to which the high estate that American science had gained was owing to the infusion of scientists from abroad.

International scientific conference «Vegetation monitoring and assessment» (Minsk – Braslav, Belarus, 2013)

2013 ◽  
pp. 148-151
Author(s):  
A. V. Pugachevsky ◽  
I. P. Voznyachuk ◽  
A. V. Sudnik
Keyword(s):  
Nature Management ◽  
Scientific Conference ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Vegetation Monitoring ◽  
Experimental Botany ◽  
The Status ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

30 September – 4 October 2013 was held the IV international scientific conference "Monitoring and assessment of the status of plant world", organized by the Institute of experimental botany. V. F. Kuprevich of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus for the purpose of consolidation of efforts, expertise and knowledge of scientists and practitioners from different countries to ensure resource-saving multi-use of natural ecosystems, conservation of biodiversity, strengthening of environmental and social functions of vegetation in terms of total anthropogenic impact and climate change. An important focus of the conference was the generalization of experience of organization of monitoring, discuss the prospects, opportunities and challenges for its development and effective application in practice of nature management and environmental protection.

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