Syrian Crisis, Syrian Refugees

2019 ◽  
pp. 7-25
Author(s):  
Juline Beaujouan ◽  
Amjed Rasheed
2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Sirkeci

Doğu ve güney komşuları üzerinde gelen göç akınlarının ve üye ülkeler arasındaki göçlerin artışıyla Avrupa Birliği (AB) en büyük krizlerinden birini yaşamaktadır. Avrupa’daki en ana tartışma konuları arasında Avrupa’ya göçü ve AB içindeki göçü sınırlamak ve üye ülkeler arasında mülteci kotası ve külfet paylaşımına yapılan itirazlar yer aldı. Bu krizde Türkiye anahtar ülke olarak ortaya çıktı ve ülkedeki büyük Suriyeli mülteci nüfusu ve bu nüfusun Avrupa’ya gitmesini engellemesi karşılığında vaat edilen milyarlarca Avro nedeniyle tartışmaların odağında yer aldı. Suriye krizi 4,8 milyon mülteci yarattı ve 2016 yılı sonu itibariyle bunların 2,8 milyonu Türkiye’de ikamet etmekteydi. Suriyeli mültecilere karşı cömert tavrıyla Türkiye güvenli bir ülke olarak tescil edilmiş oldu. Bu, hikayenin daha karanlık bir başka yüzünü gölgelemektedir. Çünkü aynı ülkenin vatandaşları 1980 askeri darbesinden bu yana milyonu aşkın sığınma başvurusu yaptılar. Ülkenin bugünkü şartları ve yeni veriler, Türkiye’den AB’ye yönelen daha çok mülteci akını olacağını gösteriyor. ABSTRACT IN ENGLISHTurkey’s refugees, Syrians and refugees from Turkey: a country of insecurityThe European Union (EU) has faced one of its biggest crises with the rise of population inflows through its Eastern and Southern neighbours as well as movements within the Union. In 2016, the main debate that dominated Europe was on restricting migration within and into the EU along with concerns and objections to the refugee quota systems and the sharing of the burden among member states. Turkey emerged as a ‘gate keeper’ in this crisis and has since been at the centre of debates because of the large Syrian refugee population in the country and billions of Euros it was promised to prevent refugees travelling to Europe. The Syrian crisis produced over 4.8 million refugees with over 2.8 million were based in Turkey by the end of 2016. Turkey with its generous support for Syrian refugees has been confirmed as a ‘country of security’. This shadows the darker side of affairs as the very same country has also produced millions of asylum seekers since the 1980 military coup. Current circumstances and fresh evidence indicate that there will be more EU bound refugees coming through and from Turkey. 


2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-61
Author(s):  
Scott Gustafson

The Lebanese church has experienced unprecedented challenges as Syrian refugees began flooding the country in 2011. This article attempts to discern the approaches to identity, strategy, and partnership that evolved for Lebanese evangelicals as the church found itself in the epicenter of Muslim emigration from war-torn neighbors. It discusses how the history of the Lebanese church prepared it for the most recent crisis and led to the development of unique outreach strategies and the intentional cultivation of robust partnerships. Finally, it demonstrates how these developments have contributed to the Lebanese evangelical church’s explosive growth in the last decade.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7234
Author(s):  
Ahmad AlShwawra

The Government of Jordan declared that there are more than one million Syrian refugees in Jordan while UNHCR statistics show that the number is about 700,000. Nonetheless, it is still a large problem for Jordan, especially since there is no real solution that seems to be looming on the horizon for the Syrian crisis. Consequently, that means that those refugees’ stay in Jordan is indefinite. This fact requires Jordan to work towards solutions to avoid the warehousing of those refugees in camps and to integrate them in Jordanian community to ease their stay in Jordan. To achieve that integration, Jordan must facilitate the Syrians’ access to the Jordanian labor market so they can achieve self-reliance. In February 2016, donors gathered in London for the ‘Supporting Syria and the Region’ conference, known as the London Conference, to mobilize funding for the needs of the people affected by the Syrian crisis. In that conference, Jordan pledged to facilitate Syrian refugees’ access to the labor market. This paper will study the process of Syrian integration in Jordanian society by discussing the policies and the procedures that Jordan has developed to facilitate the Syrians’ access to the labor market. The event study method combined with interviews and desk research were used to evaluate the new policies and procedures developed to facilitate this access. It was found that Jordan succeeded in creating a legal and procedural environment that facilitates Syrians’ access to formal jobs, and the Syrians went a long way toward integration in Jordan. Nonetheless, they are still not fully integrated.


Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussam Hussein ◽  
Alberto Natta ◽  
Abed Al Kareem Yehya ◽  
Baha Hamadna

Since the Syrian crisis and the so-called “Arab Spring”, new discourses have been created, sparking the discursive water governance debates around water scarcity and hydropolitics. In Lebanon and Jordan—where most water resources are transboundary, and where most Syrian refugees have flown in—new discourses of climate change and especially of Syrian refugees as exacerbating water scarcity are emerging, shaping water governance debates. The aim of this paper is to engage in comparative discourse analysis about narratives of water crises and refugees in Lebanon and Jordan. This study is novel because of the focus on the new discourse of refugees in relation to water governance debates in both Lebanon and Jordan. This paper finds that in both countries the new discourses of refugees do not replace previous and existing discourses of water crisis and scarcity, but rather they build on and reinforce them. This paper finds that the impact these discourses had on the governance debates is that in Lebanon the resources mobilized focused on humanitarian interventions, while Jordan focused on development projects to strengthen the resilience of its water infrastructure and its overall water governance system.


2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rana B. Khoury

A common narrative of the Syrian conflict suggests that it began with a grassroots uprising and devolved into a violent war between armed actors, leaving civilians to become victims or warriors. A more careful consideration of developments in and around Syria uncovers evidence of continued unarmed mobilization among civilians. Indeed, refugees in neighboring countries like Jordan are deeply engaged in humanitarian, developmental, and political endeavors. In this study, qualitative research and a unique survey together demonstrate that Syrians in Jordan have engaged in abundant activism on behalf of the Syrian cause. Still, the overwhelming militarism and humanitarianism that have characterized the Syrian crisis have had their impacts: activist organization is constricted and configured by security imperatives and, paradoxically, by the aid regime assisting civilians in the conflict. In turn, activism has evolved from grassroots mobilization to a formal and aid-based response to a humanitarian crisis.


2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-224
Author(s):  
Илья Савельевич Кашницкий

Coleman D., S. Basten, F. C. Billari. Population — The long viewBillari F. C. Integrating macro- and micro-level approaches in the explanation of population changeLivi-Bacci M. What we can and cannot learn from the history of World populationKreager P. Population theory — A long viewSear R. Evolutionary contributions to the study of human fertilityReher D. S. Baby booms, busts, and population ageing in the developed worldVan Bavel J., D. S. Reher. The baby boom and its causes: what we know and what we need to knowLutz W., E. Striessnig. Demographic aspects of climate change mitigation and adaptationDemeny P. Sub-replacement fertility in national populations: Can it be raised?Teitelbaum M. S. Political Demography: Powerful trends under-attended by demographic scienceBasten S., Q. Jiang. Fertility in China: an uncertain futureColeman D., S. Basten.  The death of the West: An alternative viewBongaarts J., C.Z. Guilmoto. How many more missing women? Excess female mortality and prenatal sex selection, 1970-2050Shon J.-L. P. K., G. Verdugo. Forty years of immigrant segregation in France, 1968-2007. How different is the new immigration?Sobotka T., É. Beaujouan. Two is best? The persistence of a two-child family ideal in EuropeEsping-Andersen G., F. C. Billari. ∙ Re-theorizing family demographicsAnderson T., H.-P. Kohler. Low fertility, socioeconomic development, and genderDoocy S., E. Lyles, T. D. Delbiso, C. W. Robinson, The IOCC/GOPA Study Team. Internal displacement and the Syrian crisis: An analysis of trends from 2011–2014Fakih A., M. Ibrahim. The impact of Syrian refugees on the labor market in neighboring countries: Empirical evidence from JordanBircan T., U. Sunata. Educational assessment of Syrian refugees in TurkeyYaylacı F. G., M. Karakuş.  Perceptions and newspaper coverage of Syrian refugees in Turkey


2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuba Bircan ◽  
Ulaş Sunata

In political, social and economical terms, Turkey is the most affected country of the Syrian crisis. More importantly, Turkey as a host country of Syrian refugees has been living a dramatic demographic change. The most marginalized group living in Turkey is children. Refugee education has hence become of top priority. The global report in refugee education is below the critical level, but Turkish report is even worse in the contexts of not only accessibility and quality. This work refers to uniquely gathered dataset from AFAD and UNHCR in order to portray the current demography of Syrian refugees in particular concentrating on the ones living in camps.  Main purpose is elaborating the current educational assessment of Syrian child refugees in Turkey. Our findings indicate the significant number of refugee children in need of access to basic education at all levels and underlines the magnitude of scarce of education program development mainly due to lack of financial matters. Hence, it advises a kind of collaboration among implementing public and private partners at the local, national and international levels.


2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 781-798
Author(s):  
Marya Initia Yammine

Now in its ninth year, the Syrian crisis remains the largest humanitarian and displacement emergency of our time. Hundreds of thousands of people have lost their lives, while millions more have fled the country, undertaking exhausting journeys in search for safety in neighboring countries. However, when they arrive, challenges are far from over as they have to adapt to new ways of life. With more than one million Syrian refugees, Lebanon hosts the largest concentration of refugees per capita, globally. This study offers an in-depth look into Syrian refugees’ livelihoods and coping strategies and an attempt to explore whether gender stereotypes have been influenced by forced displacement. In this context, qualitative research was conducted between April and July 2019 with 60 Syrian refugee female heads of households in Akkar and North Lebanon, whose ages ranged from 25 to 35. The primary focus is to analyze the words and expressions used by refugee women themselves to describe the challenges and opportunities they face, both as women and as refugees, and how far these affect their gender roles.


2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Sirkeci

The European Union has faced one of its biggest crises with the rise of population inflows through its Eastern and Southern neighbours as well as movements within the Union. In 2016, the main debate that dominated Europe was on restricting migration within and into the EU along with concerns and objections to the refugee quota systems and the sharing of the burden among member states. Turkey emerged as a ‘gate keeper’ in this crisis and has since been at the centre of debates because of the large Syrian refugee population in the country and billions of Euros it was promised to prevent refugees travelling to Europe. The Syrian crisis produced over 4.8 million refugees with over 2.8 million were based in Turkey by the end of 2016. Turkey with its generous support for Syrian refugees has been confirmed as a ‘country of security’. This shadows the darker side of affairs as the very same country has also produced millions of asylum seekers since the 1980 military coup. Current circumstances and fresh evidence indicate that there will be more European Union bound refugees coming through and from Turkey. 


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Lana Khafaji

As a result of the Syrian crisis which began in 2011, Lebanon has been a main country of refuge for a large number of Syrian refugees. According to the annual report from the Danish Refugee Council (2016), 25% of Lebanon’s population are refugees. This has led to serious concerns on the issue of their return. Interdisciplinary scholars from different backgrounds have discussed the concept of repatriation, however, there has been a lack of scholarly research on the return of Syrian refugees in Lebanon to their home. This paper aims to study the challenges of repatriation of Syrian refugees and examine whether they consider Lebanon as their second home. In my study, I will assess their living conditions in Lebanon and their everyday ordeals based a number of semi-structured interviews I have conducted with them. Collected data are crossreferenced and analyzed with the general concept of repatriation that has been discussed by scholars. Basically, it is found that the return to Syria is not happening in the near future, and some refugees have found a second home in Lebanon due to the severe losses they have faced after the 2011 war on Syria. Studies that have been conducted for this project state that Syrian refugees portray the return to their homeland as a ‘myth’ because the nostalgic feeling for Syria that they once knew is no longer there.


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