Regressing Economic Resources on the Self-Assessed and the Objective Measure of Economic Vulnerability

2020 ◽  
pp. 221-226
Author(s):  
Julia Henke
Keyword(s):  
Objective Measure ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
The Self ◽  
Economic Vulnerability

An Objective Measure of the Self-Evaluation Motive

1974 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 873-874
Author(s):  
Lawrence R. Good ◽  
Katherine C. Good
Keyword(s):  
Objective Measure ◽  
Reliability Coefficient ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
True False

The development of a true-false inventory designed to measure need for self-evaluation produced a form having 25 items. A reliability coefficient (KR-20) of .79 was obtained for a sample of 177 undergraduates (88 men and 89 women).

Money, Power, and Relationships: Economic Vulnerability in Girls’ Lives and Risk for Partner Violence Among Girls in Ibadan, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 107780122110582
Author(s):  
Mobolaji M. Salawu ◽  
Omowumi O. Okedare ◽  
Elizabeth Reed ◽  
Susan M. Kiene ◽  
Olufunmilayo I. Fawole
Keyword(s):  
Partner Violence ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Male Partners ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Future Aspirations ◽  
Economic Vulnerability ◽  
Increasing Risk ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Ibadan Nigeria

This study explored the experience of economic vulnerability and its effect on girls’ future aspirations, relationships, and financial reliance on male partners, as well as risk for intimate partner violence (IPV) and related health consequences. Thirteen Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were conducted among 122 female adolescents aged 15–19 years. Participants reported that lack of economic resources limits girls’ ability to be economically independent by reducing opportunities to receive education or enter into a trade. Economic vulnerability decreases girls’ ability to become economically independent, increasing financial reliance on male partners, and in turn, increasing risk for IPV, sexually transmitted infections, and unintended pregnancy.

Disrupting Vestibular Activity Disrupts Body Ownership

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 581-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adria E. N. Hoover ◽  
Laurence R. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Objective Measure ◽  
Vestibular Stimulation ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
First Person ◽  
Body Ownership ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Person Perspective ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Minimum Delay

People are more sensitive at detecting asynchrony between a self-generated movement and visual feedback concerning that movement when the movement is viewed from a first-person perspective. We call this the ‘self-advantage’ and interpret it as an objective measure of self. Here we ask if disruption of the vestibular system in healthy individuals affects the self-advantage. Participants performed finger movements while viewing their hand in a first-person (‘self’) or third-person (‘other’) perspective and indicated which of two periods (one with minimum delay and the other with an added delay of 33–264 ms) was delayed. Their sensitivity to the delay was calculated from the psychometric functions obtained. During the testing, disruptive galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) was applied in five-minute blocks interleaved with five minutes of no stimulation for a total of 40 min. We confirmed the self-advantage under no stimulation (31 ms). In the presence of disruptive GVS this advantage disappeared and there was no longer a difference in performance between perspectives. The threshold delay for the ‘other’ perspective was not affected by the GVS. These results suggest that an intact vestibular signal is required to distinguish ‘self’ from ‘other’ and to maintain a sense of body ownership.

Self-rated physical health predicts change in disability in multiple sclerosis

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 999-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Drulovic ◽  
T Riise ◽  
M Nortvedt ◽  
T Pekmezovic ◽  
M Manigoda
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
The Self ◽  
Disease Modifying Therapies ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
Physical Scale ◽  
Disability Status ◽  
The Mean

Objective To examine whether self-rated physical health, as measured by the Physical Functioning Scale (PF) and the Role-physical Scale (RF) of the SF-36 Health Survey, could predict change in disability measured by the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) over a follow-up period of 3 years. Methods A group of 156 clinically definite MS patients (Poser criteria), who had never been treated with disease-modifying therapies, were recruited consecutively from an outpatient clinic setting at the Institute of Neurology, Belgrade. The self-rated physical health was measured by using PF and RF of the SF-36. Results At follow-up, 33 out of 156 patients (21%) had dropped out. The mean EDSS score had increased from 3.7 to 4.5. Multiple regression analyses using change in EDSS as the dependent variable and baseline scores of EDSS and RF as independent variables showed a significant effect for RF (standardized beta = –0.21). A similar but non-significant effect was found for PF. Dichotomizing change in disability according to clinically meaningful deterioration and using logistic regression, an odds ratio of 1.27 (95% confidence interval 1.01–1.62) was found for the smallest unit of change in the self-rated scale. This means that patients who rated their own physical health as poor had a higher increase in disability compared with patients with the same level of disability at baseline who rated their physical health better. Conclusions MS patients’ perception of their health comprises information predictive for disease development not included in the more objective measure of disability status.

scholarly journals Web-Delivered Multimedia Training Materials for the Self-Collection of Dried Blood Spots: A Formative Project (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia M Allen ◽  
Kim Lundeen ◽  
Sharon E Murphy ◽  
Logan Spector ◽  
Bernard L Harlow
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Status ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Dried Blood Spots ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Blood Spots ◽  
Training Materials ◽  
Facebook Advertising ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
The Web

BACKGROUND The use of dried blood spots (DBS) in biomedical research has been increasing as an objective measure for variables that are typically plagued by self-report, such as smoking status and medication adherence. The development of training materials for the self-collection of DBS that can be delivered through the Web would allow for broader use of this methodology. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the acceptability and feasibility of the self-collection of DBS using newly developed multimedia training materials that were delivered through the Web. We also aimed to assess the usability of the collected DBS samples. METHODS We recruited participants through Facebook advertising for two distinct studies. The first study evaluated the acceptability of our newly developed DBS training materials, while the second assessed the implementation of this protocol into a larger Web-based study. RESULTS In the first study, participants (N=115) were aged, on average, 26.1 (SD 6.4) years. Training materials were acceptable (113/115, 98.2%, of participants were willing to collect DBS again) and produced usable samples (110/115, 95.7%, collected DBS were usable). In the second study, response rate was 25.0% (41/164), with responders being significantly younger than nonresponders (20.3 [SD 0.2] vs 22.0 [SD 0.4]; P<.001), and 92% (31/41) of collected DBS samples were usable by the laboratory. CONCLUSIONS Overall, while the protocol is acceptable, feasible, and produced usable samples, additional work is needed to improve response rates.

scholarly journals Does poverty promote a different and harmful way of thinking? The links between economic scarcity, concrete construal level and risk behaviors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amparo Caballero ◽  
Itziar Fernández ◽  
Pilar Aguilar ◽  
Dolores Muñoz ◽  
Pilar Carrera
Keyword(s):  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Health Risk Behaviors ◽  
Real Income ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Construal Level ◽  
Broad Perspective ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Economic Vulnerability ◽  
Priming Task

AbstractWe tested the relationships between economic scarcity, concrete construal level and risk behaviors. We manipulated the lack of economic resources using a priming task in Studies 1 and 2, and participants reported their real income and completed the BIF scale to measure their construal level in Study 3. Studies 1–3 supported the link between perceived economic scarcity and the concrete construal level. Study 4 demonstrated the mediating role played by the concrete construal level in the influence of economic scarcity on risk behaviors using two opposite priming procedures (scarcity plus abstraction). Study 5, in a real context of economic vulnerability, supported the link between concrete mindset and risk behavioral intentions, while abstraction was associated with fewer risk intentions. Concrete thinking implies focusing on the immediate situation, which might facilitate adaptation to the demanding conditions that characterize scarcity contexts but leaves people without a broad perspective of the future to make safe decisions in situations that involve self-control, such as health-risk behaviors. Because an abstract construal level can be induced, these findings open up challenging ways to improve the conditions in which people in scarcity contexts make some behavioral decisions while we continue working to reduce situations of economic scarcity.

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