Expandable Graphite Flakes as an Additive for a New Fire Retardant Coating for Wood and Cellulose Materials – Comparison Analysis

Material-scale tests involving milligrams of samples are used to optimize fire-retardant coating formulations, but actual applications of these coatings require them to be assessed with structural-scale fire tests. This significant difference in the scale of testing (milligrams to kilograms of sample) raises many questions on the relations between the inherent flammability and thermal characteristics of the coating materials and their “performance” at the structural scale. Moreover, the expected “performance” requirements and the definition of “performance” varies at different scales. In this regard, the pathway is not established when designing and formulating fire-retardant coatings for structural steel sections or members. This manuscript explores the fundamental relationships across different scales of testing with the help of a fire-protective system based on acrylic resin with a typical combination of intumescent additives, viz. ammonium polyphosphate, pentaerythritol, and expandable graphite. One of the main outcomes of this work dictates that higher heat release rate values and larger amounts of material participating in the pyrolysis process per unit time will result in a rapid rise in steel substrate temperature. This information is very useful in the design and development of generic fire-retardant coatings.

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Enhancing the Char Resistant of Expandable Graphite Based Intumescent Fire Retardant Coatings by Using Multi-Wall Carbon Nano Tubes for Structural Steel

Solid State Phenomena ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.185.90 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 185 ◽

pp. 90-93 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Sami Ullah ◽

Faiz Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Fire Test ◽

Steel Substrate ◽

Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Fire Retardant ◽

Steel Structure ◽

Vital Role ◽

Shielding Effect ◽

Expandable Graphite ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Multi Wall Carbon Nanotubes

In the intumescent fire retardant (IFR) coating char thickness and its strength play a vital role to protect the base steel structure from the fire. The IFR coating contains expandable graphite (EG), ammonium polyphosphate (APP), melamine, boric acid, bisphenol, epoxy resin BE-188 (BPA) which is used as a binder with ACR hardener H-2310 polyamide amine and multi wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). A range of different formations were prepared to study the heat shielding effect and char expansion after fire test. The intumescent coating was tested at 800°C for one hour in the furnace and found to be very stable and well bonded with the steel substrate. The characterization was done by using Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) after fire test. The results confirmed that MWCNTs enhanced the char resistant of IFR coating on steel substrate after fire test. Keywords: Intumescent fire retardant coating, Expandable Graphite, Multiwall Carbonnano tubes, FESEM and TGA.

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The combination of expandable graphite, organic montmorillonite, and magnesium hydrate as fire-retardant additives for ethylene-propylene-diene monomer/chloroprene rubber foams

Journal of Applied Polymer Science ◽

10.1002/app.44929 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 134 (23) ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Zhengmao Ding ◽

Yingchun Li ◽

Maoyong He ◽

Wensheng Wang ◽

Chao Wang

Keyword(s):

Fire Retardant ◽

Expandable Graphite ◽

Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer ◽

Ethylene Propylene ◽

Organic Montmorillonite ◽

Chloroprene Rubber

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The effect of 150μm expandable graphite on char expansion of intumescent fire retardant coating

10.1063/1.4898492 ◽

2014 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sami Ullah ◽

Faiz Ahmad ◽

A. M. Shariff ◽

M. A. Bustam

Keyword(s):

Fire Retardant ◽

Expandable Graphite

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Mechanism of Expandable Graphite Fire Retardant Action in Polyurethanes

ACS Symposium Series - Fire and Polymers ◽

10.1021/bk-2001-0797.ch008 ◽

2001 ◽

pp. 90-109 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

G. Camino ◽

S. Duquesne ◽

R. Delobel ◽

B. Eling ◽

C. Lindsay ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fire Retardant ◽

Expandable Graphite

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The Effect of Wollastonite Filler on Thermal Performance of Intumescent Fire Retardant Coating

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.970.328 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 970 ◽

pp. 328-331 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Muhammad Zia-ul-Mustafa ◽

Faiz Ahmad ◽

Puteri S. M. Megat-Yusoff ◽

Hammad Aziz

Keyword(s):

Fire Test ◽

Steel Substrate ◽

Fire Retardant ◽

Expandable Graphite ◽

Coated Steel ◽

Fire Performance ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Blowing Agent ◽

Thermal Stability Of

Various types of intumescent fire retardant coatings (IFRCs) have been used to protect the substrates exposed to fire. In current study, high temperature filler Wollastonite (W) filler was used to improve fire performance of intumescent fire retardant coating. The basic ingredients of the coating were ammonium poly-phosphate (APP) as acid source, expandable graphite (EG) as carbon source, melamine (MEL) as blowing agent in epoxy binder, boric acid as additive and hardener as curing agent. In this study a range of coating formulations were developed by using different weight percentages of Wollastonite filler. The coated steel substrate samples were tested for fire performance using Bunsen burner and char expansion was measured using furnace fire test. Composition of the char was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The char morphology was studied using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Results showed that Intumescent coating with addition of Wollastonite filler enhanced anti-oxidation of the char. Presence of phosphorus, calcium and silicon in char layer further improved the thermal stability of char.

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