scholarly journals Management of Landscapes for Established Invasive Species

2021 ◽  
pp. 133-184
Author(s):  
Therese M. Poland ◽  
Jennifer Juzwik ◽  
Allen Rowley ◽  
Cynthia D. Huebner ◽  
John C. Kilgo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Great Basin ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Plant Management ◽  
Management Activity ◽  
Invasive Plant Management ◽  
Base Level ◽  
Hydrologic Unit

AbstractLong-term management strategies are invoked once an invasive species has become established and spread beyond feasible limits for eradication or containment. Although an invasive species may be well-established in small to large geographical areas, prevention of its spread to non-affected areas (e.g., sites, regions, and cross-continent) through early detection and monitoring is an important management activity. The level for management of established invasive species in the United States has increasingly shifted to larger geographical scales in the past several decades. Management of an invasive fish may occur at the watershed level in the western States, with watershed levels defined by their hydrologic unit codes (HUC) ranging from 2 digits at the coarsest level to 8 digits at the finest level (USGS 2018). Invasive plant management within national forests, grasslands, and rangelands can be implemented at the landscape level (e.g., Chambers et al. 2014), although management can still occur at the stand or base level. Landscapes in this chapter refer to areas of land bounded by large-scale physiographic features integrated with natural or man-made features that govern weather and disturbance patterns and limit frequencies of species movement (Urban et al. 1987). These are often at a large physical scale, such as the Great Basin.

scholarly journals Resprouting potential of rhizome fragments from invasive macrophyte reveals superior colonization ability of the diploid congener

AoB Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda J Grewell ◽  
Caryn J Futrell ◽  
Maria T Iannucci ◽  
Rebecca E Drenovsky
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Plant Management ◽  
Nutrient Loads ◽  
Invasive Plant Management ◽  
Aquatic Mesocosms ◽  
Colonization Ability

Abstract Non-native aquatic Ludwigia species from a polyploid complex are among the world’s most problematic invasive plants. These emergent, floating-leaved species respond to disturbance through fragmentation of shoots and/or rhizomes, spreading rapidly by hydrochorous dispersal and posing challenges for invasive plant management. While recruitment of clonal aquatic plant species from shoot fragmentation is well documented, regeneration from rhizome bud banks, although common, often is overlooked. It is further unclear how interactions among ploidy and resource availability influence regeneration success of rhizome fragments. We conducted a full factorial experiment in aquatic mesocosms to compare trait responses of Ludwigia congeners differing in ploidy (diploid, decaploid) grown from clonal rhizome fragments under contrasting soil nutrient availability (low, high). Similar to previous work with shoot fragments, the diploid congener had a higher relative growth rate and produced more biomass than the decaploid during this establishment stage of growth. High growth rates and biomass production were associated with greater rhizome N and P and reduced investment in belowground structures. Comparing these results to previous shoot fragment studies with Ludwigia, rhizome fragments appear to have much greater growth potential, suggesting that management strategies should minimize disturbance to prevent fragmentation and dispersal of belowground structures. Furthermore, rapid response to newly colonizing diploid invaders will be essential to minimizing spread, and reductions in nutrient loads to aquatic environments may be more effective toward controlling establishment of the diploid congener than the decaploid.

Experiences with invasive plant management and ecology in Alberta

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 1013-1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Cole ◽  
J. R. King ◽  
D. A. Oyarzun ◽  
T. H. Dietzler ◽  
A. S. McClay
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Plant Management ◽  
Invasive Plant Species ◽  
Invasive Plant Management ◽  
Ecological Principles ◽  
Silene Pratensis

A number of invasive plant management strategies, including competition, fertilizer, herbicide, combination of fertilizer and herbicide, biological control, mowing, grazing management, prevention, eradication and education have been investigated and employed in Alberta. The integrated weed management (IWM) strategies are overlapping, interconnected and based on ecological principles. Research on several invasive plant species, including ox-eye daisy (Leucanthemum vulgare Lam.), scentless chamomile [Tripleurospermum perforatum (Mérat) Laínz] and white cockle [Silene pratensis (Raf.) Godr. & Gren.] has provided ecological information showing the importance of maintaining healthy, competitive plant communities. Key words: Invasive plants, management, ox-eye daisy, competition, Alberta

scholarly journals Constructing Standard Invasion Curves from Herbarium Data—Toward Increased Predictability of Plant Invasions

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro M. Antunes ◽  
Brandon Schamp
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Plant Management ◽  
Nonnative Species ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Targeted Prevention ◽  
Invasive Plant Management ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Herbarium Data

Prevention, early detection, rapid response, and prioritization are essential components of effective and cost-efficient invasive plant management. However, successfully implementing these strategies requires the ability to accurately predict the temporal and spatial dynamics of newly/recently detected nonnative species. Why some nonnative species become invasive and the source of variation in lag time between arrival and the onset of invasive expansion are poorly understood. One tool to fill these knowledge gaps is the “invasion curve,” which tracks nonnative species abundance (i.e., area invaded) over time after arrival in a new area. Since invasive species curves rely primarily on records from herbarium collections, we propose that these collections can be used as a springboard to develop a standardized approach to building invasion curves. This would allow researchers to compare the trajectories of nonnative species, improving risk assessment and our ability to recognize potential invasive species and factors contributing to both invasibility and invasiveness. While there have been admirable efforts to produce invasion curves, several barriers exist to their reliable production and standardization. In this paper, we explore the challenges related to the efficient production of these curves for plants using herbarium data and suggest ways in which progress could occur. It is our hope that this will better position herbaria and researchers to aid natural resource managers to prioritize needs, make effective management decisions, and develop targeted prevention and monitoring programs by taking advantage of lag times to implement timely responses.

Implementing Strategic Weed Prevention Programs to Protect Rangeland Ecosystems

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda S. Smith ◽  
Roger L. Sheley
Keyword(s):  
Prevention Program ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Flow Model ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Strategic Decision ◽  
Plant Management ◽  
Invasive Plant Management ◽  
Proactive Management

Weed prevention is recognized as one of the most cost-effective management strategies for invasive plants. In the field of invasive plant management increasing emphasis is being directed toward proactive management. However, land managers are still somewhat reluctant to aggressively employ prevention programs. Part of this reluctance could be due to lack of understanding of what a comprehensive prevention program entails. The purpose of this paper is to improve strategic decision-making for site-specific prevention programs, such as those on ranches or in watersheds. Our interest is in advancing prevention planning for land managers—the people who are faced with the constant pressure of potential invasive species infestations on a day-to-day basis. To facilitate more widespread use of prevention programs we are proposing definitions for key terminology to standardize and facilitate communication about prevention programs. Additionally, we present a flow model with the steps necessary to successfully implement such programs. The model has three categories from which specific prevention planning occurs: (1) education, (2) early detection and eradication, and (3) interruption of movement. The flow model directs users through a series of interlinked steps. Finally, we provide a case study in which a ranch manager implemented a prevention program using this framework. By using this model, managers are poised to conduct more strategic planning. This model also has applications in outreach and education programs to assist land managers in prevention planning.

scholarly journals Prioritizing Invasive Plant Management Strategies

Rangelands ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 11-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger L. Sheley ◽  
Brenda S. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Plant Management ◽  
Invasive Plant Management

Restoration Ecology and Invasive Plants in the Semiarid West

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia S. Brown ◽  
Val J. Anderson ◽  
Victor P. Claassen ◽  
Mark E. Stannard ◽  
Linda M. Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Invasive Plants ◽  
Restoration Ecology ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Plant Management ◽  
Ecosystem Development ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Invasive Plant Management ◽  
Complex Interactions

AbstractInvasive plants are a common problem in the management and restoration of degraded lands in the semiarid western United States, but are often not the primary focus of restoration ecologists. Likewise, restoring native vegetation has not been a major concern of weed scientists. But trends in the literature demonstrate increasing overlap of these fields, and greater collaboration between them can lead to improved efficacy of restoration efforts. Succession and ecosystem development are the products of complex interactions of abiotic and biotic factors. Our greatest restoration and invasive plant management successes should result when we take advantage of these natural processes. Recent shifts in management objectives have generated approaches to directing plant community development that utilize species that are strong competitors with invasive species as a bridge to the establishment of native perennial vegetation. Soil water and nutrient characteristics and their interactions can affect desired and undesired plant species differentially and may be manipulated to favor establishment and persistence of desired perennial plant communities. Selection of appropriate plant materials is also essential. Species assemblages that suppress or exclude invaders and competitive plant materials that are well adapted to restoration site conditions are important keys to success. We provide guidelines for restoration based on the fundamental ecological principles underlying succession. Knowledge of the complex interactions among the biotic and abiotic factors that affect successional processes and ecosystem development, and increased collaboration between weed scientists and restoration ecologists hold promise for improving restoration success and invasive species management.

scholarly journals A Path Forward: Promoting Microbial-Based Methods in the Control of Invasive Plant Species

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 943
Author(s):  
Maryam Shahrtash ◽  
Shawn P. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Plants ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Plant Management ◽  
Invasive Plant Species ◽  
Invasive Plant Management ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Microbe Interactions

In this review, we discuss the unrealized potential of incorporating plant–microbe and microbe–microbe interactions into invasive plant management strategies. While the development of this as a viable strategy is in its infancy, we argue that incorporation of microbial components into management plans should be a priority and has great potential for diversifying sustainable control options. We advocate for increased research into microbial-mediated phytochemical production, microbial controls to reduce the competitiveness of invasive plants, microbial-mediated increases of herbicidal tolerance of native plants, and to facilitate increased pathogenicity of plant pathogens of invasive plants.

Multiscale Invasive Plant Monitoring: Experiences from the Greater Everglades Restoration Area

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
LeRoy Rodgers ◽  
Tony Pernas ◽  
Jed Redwine ◽  
Brooke Shamblin ◽  
Shea Bruscia
Keyword(s):  
Information Needs ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Florida Everglades ◽  
Plant Management ◽  
Everglades Restoration ◽  
Invasive Plant Management ◽  
Plant Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring Protocols

AbstractObtaining spatially explicit, cost-effective, and management-relevant data on invasive plant distributions across large natural areas presents considerable challenges. This is especially true when multiple monitoring objectives exist, because the utility of different monitoring methodologies varies with scale, logistical considerations, and information needs. The Florida Everglades is a vast wetland landscape with widespread invasive plant infestations and multiple management jurisdictions. A multi-agency team Working Group conducted a workshop in 2013 to explore opportunities to enhance the performance of a regional weed control program. Among the most important developments occurring at this meeting was the recognition that relevant management questions are scale-dependent. This led the team to define multiple monitoring objectives. Essential for conveying the success of the weed management program is quantifying large-scale patterns of change, as are quantifying fine-scale patterns informing control activities, defining mechanisms of spread, recognizing accelerating rates of spread, and detecting patterns of occupancy immediately before management intervention. The group’s deliberation resulted in the emergence of a multiscale monitoring program utilizing several distinct monitoring protocols, including systematic landscape-level reconnaissance, a sample-based spatially stratified monitoring system, detailed inventories in planned treatment areas, and a set of methods focused solely on early detection and rapid response. Here we provide an overview of the Everglades multiscale invasive plant monitoring program, highlight benefits and challenges of each program component, and discuss how this program has improved regional invasive plant management.

Eradicating Bodies in Invasive Plant Management

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 951-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Atchison ◽  
Lesley Head
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Plant Management ◽  
Invasive Plant Management

scholarly journals Drivers of Foliar Fungal Endophytic Communities of Kudzu (Pueraria montana var. lobata) in the Southeast United States

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Maryam Shahrtash ◽  
Shawn P. Brown
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Plant Management ◽  
Host Genotype ◽  
Southeast United States ◽  
Pueraria Montana

Fungal endophytes play important roles in plant fitness and plant–microbe interactions. Kudzu (Pueraria montana var. lobata) is a dominant, abundant, and highly aggressive invasive plant in the Southeast United States. Kudzu serves as a pathogen reservoir that impacts economically important leguminous crops. We conducted the first investigations on kudzu fungal endophytes (Illumina MiSeq—ITS2) to elucidate drivers of endophytic communities across the heart of the invasive range in the Southeast United States (TN, MS, AL, GA). We tested the impacts of multiple environmental parameters (Chlorophyll, NO3−, K+, soil pH, leaf area, host genotype, traffic intensity, and geographic location) on foliar endophyte communities. Endophytic communities were diverse and structured by many factors in our PerMANOVA analyses, but location, genotype, and traffic (proxy for pollution) were the strongest drivers of community composition (R2 = 0.152, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.129, p < 0.001, and R2 = 0.126, p < 0.001, respectively). Further, we examined the putative ecological interactions between endophytic fungi and plant pathogens. We identify numerous OTUs that are positively and strongly associated with pathogen occurrence, largely within the families Montagnulaceae and Tremellales incertae sedis. Taken together, these data suggest location, host genetics and local pollution play instrumental roles in structuring communities, and integrative plant management must consider these factors when developing management strategies.

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