scholarly journals Investing in Fundamental Research: For Whom? A Philosopher’s Perspective

2020 ◽  
pp. 113-116
Author(s):  
Michela Massimi
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Panel Discussion ◽  
Philosophical Question ◽  
Short Piece ◽  
Fundamental Research

Abstract In this short piece arising from panel discussion at the 2019 FCC Week Conference in Brussels, I briefly review some of the challenges facing large-scale investments in science and the philosophical question that looms large: why care about investing in fundamental research?

scholarly journals Experimental results on large-scale cyber-physical hybrid discussion support

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takayuki Ito ◽  
Takanobu Otsuka ◽  
Satoshi Kawase ◽  
Akihisa Sengoku ◽  
Shun Shiramatsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Environment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Panel Discussion ◽  
Online Discussions ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Discussion Session ◽  
Content Type ◽  
International Conference ◽  
Scale Experiment

Purpose This paper aims to present a preliminary experimental result on a large-scale experiment on a cyber-physical hybrid discussion support environment in a panel discussion session in an international conference. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the authors propose a hybrid (cyber-physical) environment in which people can discuss online and also offline simultaneously. The authors conducted a large-scale experiment in a panel discussion session in an international conference where participants can discuss by using their online discussion support system and by physical communications as usual. Findings The authors analyzed the obtained date from the following three viewpoints: participants’ cyber-physical attention, keywords cyber-physical linkage and cyber-physical discussion flow. These three viewpoints indicate that the methodology of the authors can be effective to support hybrid large-scale discussions. Originality/value Online large-scale discussion has been focused as a new methodology that enable people to discuss, argue and make consensus in terms of political issues, social complex problems (like climate change), city planning and so on. In several cases, the authors found that online discussions are very effective to gather people opinions and discussions so far. Moreover, this paper proposes a hybrid (cyber-physical) environment in which people can discuss online and also offline simultaneously.

scholarly journals Roadmap for advanced aqueous batteries: From design of materials to applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (21) ◽  
pp. eaba4098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongliang Chao ◽  
Wanhai Zhou ◽  
Fangxi Xie ◽  
Chao Ye ◽  
Huan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Material Design ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Limited Output ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Aqueous Batteries

Safety concerns about organic media-based batteries are the key public arguments against their widespread usage. Aqueous batteries (ABs), based on water which is environmentally benign, provide a promising alternative for safe, cost-effective, and scalable energy storage, with high power density and tolerance against mishandling. Research interests and achievements in ABs have surged globally in the past 5 years. However, their large-scale application is plagued by the limited output voltage and inadequate energy density. We present the challenges in AB fundamental research, focusing on the design of advanced materials and practical applications of whole devices. Potential interactions of the challenges in different AB systems are established. A critical appraisal of recent advances in ABs is presented for addressing the key issues, with special emphasis on the connection between advanced materials and emerging electrochemistry. Last, we provide a roadmap starting with material design and ending with the commercialization of next-generation reliable ABs.

scholarly journals Changes of air quality during the pandemic and airborne transmission issues

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weijie Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Panel Discussion ◽  
Max Planck ◽  
Airborne Transmission ◽  
Atmospheric Sciences ◽  
Work From Home ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Peking University ◽  
Controlling Measures

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has killed more than 1 000 000 people within nine months in 2020. The world is changed as the cities were locked down, the traffic reduced, and people forced to work from home and keep social distance. These controlling measures also resulted in drastic reduction of the emission of many air pollutants, providing researchers an unprecedented large-scale natural experiment in examining how the air quality would respond to a strong forcing. In this panel discussion held on 22 September 2020, five experts gathered to discuss their observations and analyses, as well as the current understanding and misconception about airborne transmission. This Forum article is dedicated to Prof. Martin Williams of the Imperial College London, who intended to join the panel discussion but passed away one day before it. Guy Brasseur Professor of Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Germany Junji Cao Professor of Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Aijun Ding Dean and Professor of School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, China Lidia Morawska Professor of Queensland University of Technology, Australia Tong Zhu (Chair) Dean and Professor of College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, China

Current Situation and Outlook on Biological Treatment of Wastewater in Metallic Mine

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 2460-2463
Author(s):  
Si Qing Liu ◽  
Bao Xu Song ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Wan Ping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Biological Process ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Operational Cost ◽  
Application Range ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fast Development ◽  
Fundamental Research

Wastewater in mining and concentration operations is of high acidity, and contains a vast array of heavy metal ions, and some organic compounds. Biological treatment of the wastewater in some metallic-ore mines and concentrators are reviewed. There is a fast development of biological process from fundamental research to large scale commercial application in the past 20 years. Compared with other processes, biological process has an excellent performance without secondary pollution, including its wide pH application range, small investment and low operational cost. Biological process is still a promising process in treating wastewater for mining industry.

Parallelizing Large-Scale Graph Algorithms Using the Apache Spark-Distributed Memory System

2018 ◽  
pp. 146-163
Author(s):  
Ahmad Askarian ◽  
Rupei Xu ◽  
Andras Farago
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Distributed File System ◽  
Graph Models ◽  
Large Graphs ◽  
Graph Representations ◽  
Hadoop Distributed File System ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
The Right ◽  
Spark Framework

The rapidly emerging area of Social Network Analysis is typically based on graph models. They include directed/undirected graphs, as well as a multitude of random graph representations that reflect the inherent randomness of social networks. A large number of parameters and metrics are derived from these graphs. Overall, this gives rise to two fundamental research/development directions: (1) advancements in models and algorithms, and (2) implementing the algorithms for huge real-life systems. The model and algorithm development part deals with finding the right graph models for various applications, along with algorithms to treat the associated tasks, as well as computing the appropriate parameters and metrics. In this chapter we would like to focus on the second area: on implementing the algorithms for very large graphs. The approach is based on the Spark framework and the GraphX API which runs on top of the Hadoop distributed file system.

Panel Discussion—Problems in Large Scale Experiments

1986 ◽  
pp. 359-375
Author(s):  
Ethan J. Schreier
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Panel Discussion

The Excavations at Sagalassos 1990

1991 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 197-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Waelkens ◽  
Ali Harmankaya ◽  
W. Viaene
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Relations ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Research Council ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Catholic University ◽  
Flemish Community ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Council Of Ministers ◽  
Tour Operator

After five years of survey and the rescue excavation in 1989, large scale excavations started at Sagalassos from July 11th until August 22nd 1990. The work was directed by Professor Marc Waelkens (Dept. of Archaeology, Catholic University of Leuven) and by the Archaeological Museum of Burdur, represented by Ali Harmankaya, temporary director of the museum, who also represented the Turkish Antiquities Department. During the excavation the Council of Ministers granted a full scale excavation permit to Marc Waelkens. The team included 18 scientists and students from the Catholic University of Leuven, three from Britain and four from Turkey. Financial support came from the Research Council of the Catholic University of Leuven, from the Belgian Fund for Collective Fundamental Research, the Flemish Ministry of Education, the Ministry of the Flemish Community (Foreign Relations), the ASLK/CGER Bank, the Belgian tour operator ORION, and from the association “Friends of Sagalassos”. Thanks are due to the Anıtlar ve Müzeler Genel Müdürlüǧü and the Bakanlar Kurulu, who gave permission for the excavation, to the staff of the Emniyet Müdürlüǧü and the Archaeological Museum in Burdur, and to the Belediye officials and the inhabitants of Aǧlasun.

Geometry of Modular Origami Metamaterials

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunfang Yang ◽  
Zhong You
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Expansion Ratio ◽  
Mechanism Analysis ◽  
Shape Transformation ◽  
Design Flexibility ◽  
Fundamental Research

Modular origami is a type of origami where multiple pieces of paper are folded into modules, and these modules are then interlocked with each other forming an assembly. Some of them turn out to be capable of large scale shape transformation, making them ideal to create metamaterials with tuned mechanical properties. In this paper, we carry out a fundamental research on 2D modular origami assemblies using mathematical tiling and patterns and mechanism analysis, which leads to the development of various patterns consisting of interconnected quadrilateral modules. Due to the existence of 4R linkages within the patterns, they become transformable, and can be compactly packaged. Moreover, by the introduction of paired modules, we are able to adjust the expansion ratio of the pattern. Additionally, we also show that transformable patterns with higher mobility exist for other polygonal modules. Our findings provide more design flexibility to achieve truly programmable metamaterials.

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