Early German Romanticism and Literature: Goethe, Schlegel, Novalis and the New Philosophical Importance of the Novel

Novalis (the name is a pseudonym adopted for his published writings) was, together with Friedrich Schlegel and Friedrich Schleiermacher, the leading philosophical thinker of ‘early German Romanticism’. Until recently Novalis was regarded primarily as a poet and as the author of the novel Heinrich von Ofterdingen, who wrote some philosophical work in conjunction with his writings on natural science and on the political matters of his day. In the wake of the renewed philosophical interest in the philosophy of J.G. Fichte and other German idealist thinkers, there has been a reassessment of the writings of both Schlegel and Novalis. It is now apparent that, far from being, as most commentators present them, defenders of Fichte’s ‘subjective idealism’, Novalis and Schlegel arrived at significant criticisms of Fichte’s idealism and initiated an anti-foundationalist tendency in modern philosophy which still has significant resonances today.

The Theory of the Novel in Early German Romanticism (Utah Studies in Literature and Linguistics, 11)

The German Quarterly ◽

10.2307/405028 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 54 (4) ◽

pp. 514

Author(s):

Klaus Peter ◽

Diana Behler

Keyword(s):

German Romanticism ◽

The Novel ◽

Literature And Linguistics ◽

Theory Of The Novel ◽

And Linguistics

Philosophy of Religion

10.1093/oso/9780199588367.003.0011 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Michael N. Forster

Keyword(s):

Comparative Study ◽

Philosophy Of Religion ◽

Biblical Interpretation ◽

German Idealism ◽

German Romanticism ◽

The Novel ◽

Central Figure ◽

The Bible ◽

History Of

Like most German philosophers of his day Herder was no radical critic of religion and Christianity in the later manner of Marx or Nietzsche, but some of his contributions in this area did advance their sort of project. He was a liberal Christian, in terms of both tolerance and doctrine—examples of the latter sort of liberalism being his naturalized conception of immortality and his neo-Spinozism. In fact, he was the central figure in the emergence of neo-Spinozism, which he developed by the mid-1770s and which went on to constitute the foundations of both German Romanticism and post-Kantian German Idealism. He developed important new secular principles of biblical interpretation and thereby made important interpretive discoveries concerning the Bible. He conceived the novel project of a comparative study of religions and mythologies. And despite being a devout Christian, he also developed stinging criticisms of the history of organized Christianity.

Gender and Genre in the Works of German Romantic Women Writers

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199696383.013.13 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Astrid Weigert

Keyword(s):

Women Writers ◽

Literary Criticism ◽

Religious Affiliation ◽

German Romanticism ◽

The Novel ◽

Level Of Education ◽

Vital Part ◽

Lifestyle Choices ◽

Gender And Genre

What’s in a name, or, more specifically, what’s in the name of a female German Romantic author? Far from being an idle question, a closer look at the specifics of women’s names in general and German Romantic women writers, in particular, provide important clues about class, ethnicity, religious affiliation, level of education, and unconventional lifestyle choices, to name only the most obvious. The female Romantic authors discussed in this chapter—Dorothea Veit-Schlegel, Sophie Mereau-Brentano, Karoline von Günderrode, Rahel Varnhagen, and Caroline Schlegel-Schelling—constitute a vital part of German Romanticism. Their contributions span all genres characteristic of the period: the novel, literary criticism, poetry, drama, and letters. In each of these areas, they expand our traditional notions of German Romanticism.

Romantic Love and the Denial of Difference

Mixed Feelings ◽

10.7591/cornell/9781501704963.003.0003 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Katja Garloff

Keyword(s):

Social Interaction ◽

German Literature ◽

Romantic Love ◽

The Political ◽

German Romanticism ◽

The Novel ◽

Friedrich Schlegel ◽

Romantic Period ◽

Religious Difference ◽

Moses Mendelssohn

This chapter moves into the early Romantic period, when the increased social interaction between Jews and Christians in the Romantic salons led to much-discussed interfaith love affairs that found their way into literature. When in 1799 Friedrich Schlegel, the leading theoretician of German Romanticism, published Lucinde, the clearest example of the Romantic love ideal in German literature, it was widely assumed that the novel was based on the author's relationship with Dorothea Veit, the oldest daughter of Moses Mendelssohn. It is argued that Schlegel's transformation of love into a model for society hinges upon the elision of religious difference in favor of sexual opposition, an elision that explains the striking absence of references to Jews and Judaism in the novel. The second part of the chapter reads Veit's own novel Florentin (1801), in which love conspicuously fails to secure the hero the sense of home and identity he desires, as a critical response to Lucinde and a subversion of the Romantic love ideal. In resisting the homogenizing force of romantic love, Veit continues the political project of Mendelssohn, who sought to harness the powers of love for Jewish emancipation while guarding against forced assimilation.

»Ein Roman ist ein romantisches Buch«

K&K - Kultur og Klasse ◽

10.7146/kok.v35i103.22305 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 35 (103) ◽

pp. 188-207

Author(s):

Mads Nygaard Folkmann

Keyword(s):

Literary Form ◽

German Romanticism ◽

The Novel ◽

Main Character ◽

European Perspective ◽

Friedrich Schlegel ◽

World Views ◽

Romantic Period ◽

Utopian Vision ◽

Characteristic Features

Umulige fiktioner i den romantiske roman »Ein Roman ist ein romantisches Buch«. Impossible Fictions in the Romantic NovelIn the Romantic period, the novel is regarded as a literary form that, by poetological necessity, makes experiments by means of literary representation possible. Seen in an European perspective this is almost solely a matter of early German Romanticism, Frühromantik, where Friedrich Schlegel and Novalis by formulating the novel as a specific, modern genre, try to state a new, revolutionary aesthetics. The article thus points at three characteristic features of the novel’s poetics within this context: 1) the novel contains a double poetics of formal heterogeneity and spiritual homogeneity; 2) the novel gets its value through its inherent epistemology of world views; 3) the novel of early German Romanticism understands itself in a productive split of an utopian vision that never can be fulfilled and an auto-reflexivity exactly because of the knowledge of permanent unfulfillment. Further,the article argues, an aesthetics of impossible fictions evolves as the potential and heritage of this kind of poetics. In the last part of the article, a novel of the Swedish (post-)Romantic author Carl Jonas Love Almqvist (1793-1866), Drottningens juvelsmycke (The Queen’s Tiara, 1834), is read as way of representing, through the constitution of the main character, Tintomara, a principle of the absolute that displays the borders of novelistic representation.

The novel steroidal glycoside from the dried bulb of Allium Macrostemon Bunge inhibits platelet activation

Cell Biology International ◽

10.1042/cbi034s033d ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 34 (8) ◽

pp. S33-S33

Author(s):

Wenchao Ou ◽

Haifeng Chen ◽

Yun Zhong ◽

Benrong Liu ◽

Keji Chen

Keyword(s):

Platelet Activation ◽

The Novel ◽

Steroidal Glycoside ◽

Allium Macrostemon

The novel histamine H2 receptor antagonist FRG-8813 prevents delay of wound repair induced by hydrogen peroxide in a rabbit gastric epithelial cell system

Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology ◽

10.1046/j.1440-1746.1998.01735.x ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 13 (11-s4) ◽

pp. S209-S213

Author(s):

NOBUHIRO SATO ◽

SUMIO WATANABE ◽

XIAN-EN WANG ◽

TARO OSADA ◽

HIROSHI TANAKA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Epithelial Cell ◽

Receptor Antagonist ◽

Wound Repair ◽

Cell System ◽

The Novel ◽

H2 Receptor Antagonist ◽

Histamine H2 Receptor ◽

H2 Receptor ◽

Histamine H2 Receptor Antagonist

1444: Functional Effect of the Novel Rho-Kinase Inhibitor H-1152 in the Erectile Machinery

The Journal of Urology ◽

10.1016/s0022-5347(18)38669-5 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 171 (4S) ◽

pp. 380-380

Author(s):

Cleber E. Teixeira ◽

R. Clinton Webb

Keyword(s):

Kinase Inhibitor ◽

Rho Kinase ◽

The Novel ◽

Functional Effect ◽

Rho Kinase Inhibitor