Biofuel Synthesis by Extremophilic Microorganisms

2020 ◽  
pp. 115-138
Author(s):  
Salma Mukhtar ◽  
Mehwish Aslam
Keyword(s):  
Extremophilic Microorganisms

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Strain Exiguobacterium sp. KRL4, a Producer of Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from a Tibetan Glacier

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 890
Author(s):  
Pietro Tedesco ◽  
Fortunato Palma Esposito ◽  
Antonio Masino ◽  
Giovanni Andrea Vitale ◽  
Emiliana Tortorella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Analysis ◽  
Biological Assays ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Protein Encoding ◽  
Nematocidal Activity ◽  
Extremophilic Microorganisms ◽  
Unique Source

Extremophilic microorganisms represent a unique source of novel natural products. Among them, cold adapted bacteria and particularly alpine microorganisms are still underexplored. Here, we describe the isolation and characterization of a novel Gram-positive, aerobic rod-shaped alpine bacterium (KRL4), isolated from sediments from the Karuola glacier in Tibet, China. Complete phenotypic analysis was performed revealing the great adaptability of the strain to a wide range of temperatures (5–40 °C), pHs (5.5–8.5), and salinities (0–15% w/v NaCl). Genome sequencing identified KRL4 as a member of the placeholder genus Exiguobacterium_A and annotation revealed that only half of the protein-encoding genes (1522 of 3079) could be assigned a putative function. An analysis of the secondary metabolite clusters revealed the presence of two uncharacterized phytoene synthase containing pathways and a novel siderophore pathway. Biological assays confirmed that the strain produces molecules with antioxidant and siderophore activities. Furthermore, intracellular extracts showed nematocidal activity towards C. elegans, suggesting that strain KRL4 is a source of anthelmintic compounds.

scholarly journals Effects of Ionizing Radiation and Long-Term Storage on Hydrated vs. Dried Cell Samples of Extremophilic Microorganisms

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 190
Author(s):  
Ida Romano ◽  
Carlo Camerlingo ◽  
Lisa Vaccari ◽  
Giovanni Birarda ◽  
Annarita Poli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Rays ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Space Environment ◽  
Water Medium ◽  
Space Condition ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Extremophilic Microorganisms ◽  
Term Storage

A main factor hampering life in space is represented by high atomic number nuclei and energy (HZE) ions that constitute about 1% of the galactic cosmic rays. In the frame of the “STARLIFE” project, we accessed the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator (HIMAC) facility of the National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS) in Chiba, Japan. By means of this facility, the extremophilic species Haloterrigena hispanica and Parageobacillus thermantarcticus were irradiated with high LET ions (i.e., Fe, Ar, and He ions) at doses corresponding to long permanence in the space environment. The survivability of HZE-treated cells depended upon either the storage time and the hydration state during irradiation; indeed, dry samples were shown to be more resistant than hydrated ones. With particular regard to spores of the species P. thermantarcticus, they were the most resistant to irradiation in a water medium: an analysis of the changes in their biochemical fingerprinting during irradiation showed that, below the survivability threshold, the spores undergo to a germination-like process, while for higher doses, inactivation takes place as a consequence of the concomitant release of the core’s content and a loss of integrity of the main cellular components. Overall, the results reported here suggest that the selected extremophilic microorganisms could serve as biological model for space simulation and/or real space condition exposure, since they showed good resistance to ionizing radiation exposure and were able to resume cellular growth after long-term storage.

Cloning of novel green solvent tolerant hydrolytic enzymes from extremophilic microorganisms

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. S202-S203
Author(s):  
Emel Ordu ◽  
Duygu Kavadarlı ◽  
Mert Tahmaz ◽  
H. Esra Bıyık ◽  
Nevin Gül Karagüler
Keyword(s):  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Green Solvent ◽  
Extremophilic Microorganisms ◽  
Solvent Tolerant

scholarly journals Exploring the hydrolytic potential of cultured halophilic bacteria isolated from the Atacama Desert

2019 ◽  
Vol 366 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Ruginescu ◽  
Cristina Purcărea ◽  
Cristina Dorador ◽  
Paris Lavin ◽  
Roxana Cojoc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Halophilic Bacteria ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Atacama Desert ◽  
Industrial Processes ◽  
Biotechnological Applications ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Essential Step ◽  
Extremophilic Microorganisms ◽  
Biological Sources

ABSTRACT Considering that most industrial processes are carried out under harsh physicochemical conditions, which would inactivate enzymes from commonly isolated mesophilic organisms, current studies are geared toward the identification of extremophilic microorganisms producing enzymes resistant to extreme salt concentrations, temperature and pH. Among the extremophiles, halophilic microorganisms are an important source of salt-tolerant enzymes that can be used in varying biotechnological applications. In this context, the aim of the present work was to isolate and identify halophiles producing hydrolases from the Atacama Desert, one of the harshest environments on Earth. Isolates were recovered from halite samples and screened for the presence of seven different hydrolase activities (amylase, caseinase, gelatinase, lipase, pectinase, cellulase and inulinase) using agar plate-based assays. From a total of 23 halophilic bacterial isolates, most showed lipolytic (19 strains) and pectinolytic (11 strains) activities. The molecular identification of eight selected isolates showed a strong similarity to members of the Halomonas and Idiomarina genera. Therefore, the present study represents a preliminary, but essential, step to identify novel biological sources of extremozymes in an environment once thought to be devoid of life.

The case for life on Mars

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Schulze-Makuch ◽  
Alberto G. Fairén ◽  
Alfonso F. Davila
Keyword(s):  
Great Success ◽  
Detection Experiment ◽  
Microbial Life ◽  
Life On Mars ◽  
Extremophilic Microorganisms ◽  
Chain Of Evidence ◽  
Life Detection ◽  
Water On Mars ◽  
Cumulative Evidence ◽  
Early Biosphere

AbstractThere have been several attempts to answer the question of whether there is, or has ever been, life on Mars. The boldest attempt was the only ever life detection experiment conducted on another planet: the Viking mission. The mission was a great success, but it failed to provide a clear answer to the question of life on Mars. More than 30 years after the Viking mission our understanding of the history and evolution of Mars has increased vastly to reveal a wetter Martian past and the occurrence of diverse environments that could have supported microbial life similar to that on Earth for extended periods of time. The discovery of Terran extremophilic microorganisms, adapted to environments previously though to be prohibitive for life, has greatly expanded the limits of habitability in our Solar System, and has opened new avenues for the search of life on Mars. Remnants of a possible early biosphere may be found in the Martian meteorite ALH84001. This claim is based on a collection of facts and observations consistent with biogenic origins, but individual links in the collective chain of evidence remain controversial. Recent evidence for contemporary liquid water on Mars and the detection of methane in the Martian atmosphere further enhance the case for life on Mars. We argue that, given the cumulative evidence provided, life has and is likely to exist on Mars, and we have already found evidence of it. However, to obtain a compelling certainty a new mission is needed, one which is devoted to the detection of life on Mars.

scholarly journals L-asparaginases of extremophilic microorganisms in biomedicine

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-123
Author(s):  
M.V. Dumina ◽  
M.A. Eldarov ◽  
D.D. Zdanov ◽  
N.N. Sokolov
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Kinetic Properties ◽  
Lymphoproliferative Diseases ◽  
Ph Tolerance ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
Extremophilic Microorganisms ◽  
Extreme Cold

L-asparaginase is extensively used in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and several other lymphoproliferative diseases. In addition to its biomedical application, L-asparaginase is also of prospective use in food industry to reduce the formation of acrylamide, which is classified as probably neurotoxic and carcinogenic to human, and in biosensors for determination of L-asparagine level in medicine and food chemistry. The importance of L-asparaginases in different fields, disadvantages of commercial ferments, and the fact that they are widespread in nature stimuli the search for biobetter L-asparaginases from new producing microorganisms. In this regard, extremofile microorganisms exhibit unique physiological properties such as thermal stability, adaptability to extreme cold conditions, salt and pH tolerance and so provide one of the most valuable sources for novel L-asparaginases. The present review summarizes the recent results on studying the structural, functional, physicochemical and kinetic properties, stability of extremophilic L-asparaginases in comparison with their mesophilic homologues.

scholarly journals Biotechnological Potential of Carotenoids Produced by Extremophilic Microorganisms and Application Prospects for the Cosmetics Industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (08) ◽  
pp. 397-410
Author(s):  
Tayane de Cássia Dias Mendes-Silva ◽  
Rosileide Fontenele da Silva Andrade ◽  
Marcio Akio Ootani ◽  
Paulo Vitor Dias Mendes ◽  
Rafael Artur de Queiroz Cavalcanti de Sá ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biotechnological Potential ◽  
Extremophilic Microorganisms ◽  
Application Prospects
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